江苏省句容市后白中学中考英语语法复习名词牛津版【要点提示】对名词的考查主要集中在可数名词复数形式的变化、不可数名词的用法以及名词所有格等方面。近几年，词义辨析题经常出现。一、复数形式的变化规则1.规则变化：（1）一般加-s或-es（以辅音字母+y结尾的词要先变y为i，再加-es）。如：map—mapsbox—boxesstory—stories（2）以o结尾的词多数加-es。如potato—potatoes，但某些外来词和缩写词如piano，photo等，以及以“oo”或“元音字母+o”结尾的词只加-s。如：zoo—zoosradio—radios（3）以-f或-fe结尾的词，通常变f为v，再加-(e)s。如：knife—kniveswife—wives2.不规则变化：如：child—childrenfoot—feetmouse—miceman—mendeer—deersheep—sheep3.特别提示：（1）部分集合名词既可用作单数（作为整体），也可用作复数（作为成员）。如：class,family,team,group等。（2）合成词的复数形式的变化一般都体现在主体词上，但当man,woman作定语时，定语和主体词都要变。如：astoryteller—storytellers（讲故事的人）awomandoctor—womendoctors（女医生）（3）有些名词表示成双成对的东西，通常只用其复数形式。如：glasses（眼镜）pants（裤子）（4）部分学科名词虽以-s结尾，但用作单数。如：mathematics（数学）physics（物理学）二、不可数名词1.不可数名词无复数形式，其量的概念经常借助于单位词来表达。如：apieceoffurniture（一件家具）abagofsand（一包沙）2.某些名词可以兼作可数名词（表示个体名词）和不可数名词（表示物质名词或抽象名词）。如：aglass（一个玻璃杯）—glass（玻璃）aroom（一个房间）—room（空间）achicken（一只鸡）—chicken（鸡肉）三、名词所有格的用法1.当名词是人名或表示有生命以及被视为有生命的东西时，可以用名词的所有格形式：在名词末尾加’s构成(有-s或-es的复数形式名词末尾只加’)。如：John’sbooks,theworkers’library,theChildren’sPalace2.如果某物为两人所共有，则只需在后一个名词后加‘s；如果两人各自拥有，需要在这两个名词后分别加上‘s。如：MayandJane’scar（她俩共有的车）May’sandJane’scars（她俩各自的车）3.表示国家、城市等的地点名词和表示时间、距离、度量及金钱的名词，虽是无生命的，但是也可用’s。如：atwoweeks’holiday4.双重所有格“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”4\n结构常用于表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。如：afriendofmyfather’s,abookofmine5.‘s后的名词如指商店、家宅等地点时，该名词常省略。如：atthedoctor’s（在诊所）【链接】“of+名词”结构常用于表示无生命事物的所有关系，也可表示有生命事物的所有关系。如：thelegsofthetable,theclassroomofthefirst-yearstudents【名词专练】Ⅰ.请根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。1.Ifourschoolteamwinsthelasttwo__________(比赛),wewillbethetop.2.Thereissomethingexcitingin____________(今天)newspaper.3.Allthe_____________(英雄)aregreatpeople.Weshouldrememberthemforever.4.Ihearwewillhavea_________________(三天)holiday.5.Theyareinterestedinscience,andtheywanttobe___________(科学家)whentheygrowup.6.Therearesome____________(狐狸)inthezoo.7.Whichdoyoulikebetter,_____________(土豆)or_____________(西红柿)?8.Wewillgotomy_____________(叔叔家)fordinnerthisSaturday.9.These______________(手表)aremadeinChina.10.________________(毛衣)areusedforkeepingwarm.11.Wecangetlotsof_______________(信息)fromtheInternet.12.Iamhungry.Pleasegiveme______________(两片面包).13.Therearetwo__________________(架子)intheroom.14.TheearthquakeinWenchuanmadelotsofpeoplelosetheir____________(生命).15.Iwouldgiveittomedical____________(研究)ifIhadamilliondollars.16.Therearetwo___________(男老师)andthree___________(男学生)intheroom.17.Thegroundiscoveredwith____________(树叶).18.________________(八月)istheeighthmonthoftheyear.19.Myfatherjustgothisdriving____________(执照).20.Mike’suncleisafilm_____________(导演)ofourcity.Ⅱ.请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。()1.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____________.A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair()2.—Oh!Thereisn’tenough____________forusinthebus.—Nohurry.Let’swaitforthenext.A.placeB.landC.roomD.floor()3.—Isthata______________?—Yes,therearemanykindsofbeautifulshoesinit.Let’sgoandhavealook.A.fruitshopB.toystoreC.shoestoreD.bookshop()4.Iwantedtotellhimthetruth,butIdidn’thavea(an)_________.A.excuseB.chanceC.testD.choice4\n()5.ShehasbeeninChongqingforeightyears.Chongqinghasbecomehersecond___________.A.stationB.houseC.homeD.family()6.—Pleasegivemea____________whenyouarrive.—OK.I’lltellyoueverythingassoonasIgetthere.A.ringB.presentC.handD.ride()7.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—I’dlikeseveral___________andsomepeas.A.potatoB.fishC.meatD.banana()8.—Whatcanyouseeatthefootofthehill?—Agroupof____________areeating___________and__________.A.deer,grass,leavesB.cow,grass,leafC.deer,grass,leafD.cow,grass,leaves()9.—Excuseme,waiter.We’releaving.Canyoubringmethe___________,please?—OK.Hereyouare.A.moneyB.billC.watchD.list()10.—Whereareyougoing,XiangHua?—I’mgoingtothe_____________toseeamovie.A.bookstoreB.supermarketC.mountainD.cinema()11.Ithinkweshouldhave____________inourselvesandwewillmakeitifwehaveatry.A.successB.confidenceC.progressD.knowledge()12.—Wouldyoulikesome__________todrink,MrGreen?—No,thanks.A.milkB.fruitC.meatD.bread()13.______________roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.A.JimandTonyB.Jim’sandTonyC.JimandTony’sD.Jim’sandTony’s()14.Twobikesareinfrontofthehouse.They’re___________.A.thetwins’B.twin’sC.twinsD.thetwin’s()15.—Excuseme,isthefactoryfarfromhere?—No,it’sabout5______________-walk.A.minutesB.minuteC.minutes’D.minute’sⅢ.请用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，完成短文。water,challenge,year,fly,friend4\nMrGreenisasuccessfulmanager(经理)inacompany.Heisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.Oneday,MrGreenisona(1)____________whensuddenlyhisplanecrashes(坠毁).AndMrGreenistheonlypersonwhoisalive.Helandsonalonelyisland.Ontheisland,MrGreenhastolearnhowtocollect(2)__________,huntforfood,andmakeafire.Perhapsthemostdifficult(3)___________ishowtolivewithoutfriends.Inordertolive,MrGreendevelopsafriendshipwithanunusualfriend—avolleyballhecallsWilson.MrGreenlearnsalotabouthimselfwhenheisaloneontheisland.Herealizesthathehasn’tbeenaverygoodfriendbecauseheisalwaysthinkingabouthimself.Duringhisfive(4)____________ontheisland,MrGreenlearnshowtobeagoodfriendofWilson.EventhoughWilsonisjustavolleyball,MrGreentalkstohimandtreatshimasafriend.MrGreenlearnsthatitisnecessarytoshare(5)____________happinessandsadness,andhelearnsthatitisimportanttohavesomeonetocareabout.Healsolearnsthatheshouldhavecaredmoreabouthisfriends.WhenhemakesfriendswithWilson,heunderstandsthatfriendshipisagoodfeelingandthatonemustgiveasmuchashetakes.参考答案名词专练Ⅰ.1.matches2.today’s3.heroes4.three-day/threedays’5.scientists6.foxes7.potatoes,tomatoes8.uncle’s9.watches10.Sweaters11.information12.twopiecesofbread13.shelves14.lives15.research16.menteachers,boystudents17.leaves18.August19.licence20.directorⅡ.1-5DCCBC6-10ABABD11-15BACACⅢ.1.flight2.water3.challenge4.years5.friends’4
