上海市2021年高考英语压轴卷（含解析）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷(共103分)ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A．5minutes.B．10minutes.C．15minutes.D．25minutes.2．A．Atschool.B．Inashop.C．Inarestaurant.D．Athome.3．A．Exciting.B．Well-paid.C．Boring.D．Tough.4．A．Abusdriver.B．Ahouseagent.C．Adeliveryman.D．Asalesperson.5．A．Thefilmtowatch.B．Thecoursetoattend.C．Thelanguagetolearn.D．Theoptiontoabandon.6．A．Heshouldworkharder.B．Heshouldn’tturndowntheoffer.C．Heshouldn’tloseheart.D．Heshouldbeenvironmentallyconscious.7．A．Expressheropinionsmoreclearly.\nB．Makeanothercopyofherpaper.C．Correctsomegrammaticalerrors.D．Indicatethesourcesofthequotesinherpaper.8．A．Themandoesn’tknowifthereissuchamachine.B．Themachineisontherightsideoftheentrance.C．Themachinemaynotbefunctioningproperly.D．Thewomancanfindthemachinebyfollowingthesigns.9．A．Thenewshoesareworthatry.B．Hethinksshoppingisawasteofmoney.C．Hedoesn’twanttogiveanycommentsontheshoes.D．Theshoesarenotsuitableforthewoman.10．A．Moredoctorsshouldbedoingresearch.B．Heisonthewaytobecomingadoctor.C．Anewmedicaltreatmentisavailablesoon.D．Hehasalreadytriedthenewmedicine.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralpassagesandlongerconversations,aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。11．A．Disability.B．Sickness.C．Pressure.D．Unemployment.12．A．Becausehehastwokids.B．Becausehedoesn’tliketowork.C．Becausehiswifeisbusy.D．Becausehemakeslessmoneythanhiswife.13．A．Sharingfeelingsofanxiety.B．Feelinglonelyandshortoffriends.\nC．Facingworriesabouttheirself-worth.D．Missingthehappytimewithformercolleagues.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。14．A．Toemphasizethedisadvantagesoffastfashion.B．Tocriticizefashionindustryforitsfastdevelopment.C．Tointroducesomestrategiesforchoosingdailydress.D．Toadvocateanenvironment-friendlyconceptofclothes.15．A．Thestylesoftheclothesoftenchangerapidlywiththetime.B．Theclothesoftencopythestylesoffamousdesignerbrands.C．Anumberofunfashionableclothesareburntorgointolandfill.D．Creatingsuchclothesusuallywastealargeamountofenergy.16．A．Itisregardedasthesymboloffastfashion.B．Itisanagreeabletrendinthefashionindustry.C．Itisverypopularthankstomassiveproductivity.D．Itismadebyenvironment-friendlyartificialmaterials.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。17．A．Thewaytogetaproperpromotion.B．Thereasontosetanexampleforthestaff.C．Thekeyelementsofacapablesupervisor.D．Thedamagethatproblememployeesmaycause.18．A．Hecan’tgetalongwellwithothers.B．Heisnotgoodattrainingpeople.C．Heisnotfamiliarwithmarketing.D．Helacksrelevantexperience.19．A．Heisgoodatcoachingpeople.B．Hehasworkedindifferentteams.C．Hecanfindpotentialproblememployees.D．Hecandisciplinepeoplewithoutbeingmean.20．A．Fullyunderstandhisresponsibility.B．Workhardandgetalongwellwithothers.\nC．Qualifyemployeestobereadyforchanges.D．Understandthevaluesandgoalsofthecompany.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ScientistsconfirmedMondaythataskeleton(骷髅)foundunderacarparkintheEnglishcityofLeicesterwasthatofKingRichardIII,inaweirdendtoa500-year-oldmystery.DNAfromthebones21．(match)thatofexistinggenerationoftheking’ssisterandtheskeletonhadthebattleinjuriesconsistent22．contemporaryaccounts.Theremainsoftheking,viewedasoneofEnglishhistory’sworstguys,willbereburiedlaterinthelocalchurch.Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidenceaboutarulerwhoselife23．(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumours(谣言)concerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.Accordingtohistoricalaccounts,Richard’sbodywastransportednakedandbloodyonthebackofapackhorsetoLeicesterbeforebeingburiedinanunmarkedgraveatGreyfriars,aFranciscantempleinthecentralEnglishcity.ThenthecrownpassedtotheTudorrulerswhopaintedRichardasanuglybadguywhostoppedat24．inhispursuitofpower,evenmurderinghistwoyoungnephews,theso-calledPrincesintheTower,25．(secure)thepower.Thehuntforhisbodybeganyearsagowhenarchaeologists(考古学家)startedtodigbeneaththemunicipalcarpark26．thekingwassupposedlyburied.Theyfinallyfoundtheskeleton.OnMondayarchaeologistssaidtheskeletonconfirmedthatthekinghadsevereinjuryinthebackbone.Itmayhavebeenpainfulandcausedhisrightshoulderto\nappearhigherthanhisleft,buttherewasnoevidenceofthedeformedarm27．(mention)inShakespeare’s“RichardIII”.HistoriansnowhopetoclearsomeofthemythsaboutRichard,28．(publicize)evidencetoargueagainsttheclaimthathekilledthetwoyoungprinces.Theyintendtofocuson29．Richardachievedinhisbrieftwo-yearruling,includingtheestablishmentofasystemoflegalaid.AccordingtoPhilippaLangley,amemberoftheRichardIIISociety,30．cruelRichardIIIappearedtobeinthepast,anewimagewillemergeoftheking.“WehavesearchedforRichardandwehavefoundhim.Nowit’stimetohonourhim,”shesaid.SectionB Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．financialB．implementedC．supportD．roughlyE.assignedF.immediateG.contributingH.practiceI.purchaseJ.disadvantagedK.supplyingStockingtheshelvesWhenyougotoagrocerystore,youexpecttopayforyourgoodswithmoney.ButstudentsatahighschoolinTexas,US,openedastorethatrunsongooddeeds.InNovember,studentsfromLindaTuttHighSchoolinthecityofSangerlaunchedagrocerystorethatenablesstudentsto31．necessitiessuchastoiletpaper,meatandbasicfooditemsusingapointsystem.Thestoreaimstosupportfamiliesinneed.“Inourschooldistrict,thereare32．2,750studentsenrolledandthroughoutthedistrict,43percentofthesestudentsareconsideredeconomically33．,”AnthonyLove,principalofLindaTutttoldCNN.“About3.6percentofourstudentsareconsideredhomeless.Wethoughtitwasimportantto34．themandtheirfamiliesandmakesuretheyhadfoodonthetable.”\nStudentsearnpointsby35．positivelytotheschool.Forthosestudentsfrompoorfamilies,thepointsystemhasprovidedawayforthemtoshopfortheirfamilies,accordingtoLove.“Theycanearnpointsfordoingchoresaroundthebuildingorhelpingtoclean,”hesaid.WiththehelpofpartnerslikeTexasHealth.AlbertsonsandFirstRefugeMinistries,theschoolwasabletostocktheshelves.Thenumberofpointsforeachitemwasactually36．bythestudents.“Sowewalkedthroughhereanddecidedthatacanofgreenbeanswasonepoint,”saidPaulJuarez,theexecutivedirectorofFirstRefugeMinistries.Juarezsaidthathehopestheideagets37．inotherareas.“Itgivesusapictureofwhatcanbe.Soifwecandothisinsideotherschools,itwilldoawholelottohelpothersmalltowns.”Inadditiontothe38．benefits,studentsalsolearnaboutsupplymanagementandcustomerservice,andsuchlessonscouldpreparethemforfuturejobs.Thegrocerystore’sstudentmanager,HunterWeertman,saidhehasalreadylearnedimportantlifeskillsfromhisexperienceatthestore,suchasmakinggoodspendingchoicesandbudgeting.Thestore39．wasalsowelcomedbyThomasMuir,Sangersmayor.“Weallhadourfirstjobsandittaughtushowtowork,andwhatyougotforyourwork,”hesaid.“Ithinkthiswilldothatforthemtoo,andalsomeetan40．need.”III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manythingshappenwhenpeopleareageing.Apartfromthegreyinghairandwrinkledskin,thereisa(n)41changewhichcomeswitholderage.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears,theyfavourmorelong-term42andtheirsocialcirele\nisreduced.Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesame43inanotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetokeepcontactwiththeir44friendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocial45of21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps'46dependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomed(梳毛)them.Theythenrated(分类)thevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;47friendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowed48theother.Whenthescientistslookedatthe49offriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Another50seeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsof51graduallybecomeless,meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtothreatenothersintheirgrouplessoften.Theobservationshavelefttheresearchers52.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocio-emotionalselectivitytheory,olderhumansprefermore53relationshipsbecausetheyareawarethattimeisrunningout.Howevermanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzees54thehumansenseofmortality(死亡),suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,the55socialcircleswithageisduetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedbylackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal(互惠的)relationshipswithtrustedpartners,hesaid.41．A．physicalB．intellectualC．emotionalD．functional42．A．habitsB．friendsC．tasksD．ideas43．A．problemB．obstacleC．struggleD．behaviour\n44．A．establishedB．respectiveC．experiencedD．thoughtful45．A．skillsB．reputationsC．interactionsD．positions46．A．intelligenceB．relationshipsC．popularityD．performances47．A．easy-goingB．warm-heartedC．self-relyingD．one-sided48．A．respectforB．couragetoC．interestinD．loyaltyto49．A．patternsB．importanceC．meaningsD．development50．A．instinctB．disadvantageC．featureD．belief51．A．responsibilityB．aggressionC．reliabilityD．advancement52．A．delightedB．amusedC．relivedD．puzzled53．A．unknownB．positiveC．insecureD．senseless54．A．lackB．obtainC．imitateD．abandon55．A．absencefromB．isolationfromC．decreaseinD．distinctioninSectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)JessicaReindahlhadbigdreamsgrowingupasanonlychildinamilitaryfamily-shewantedtofly,servehercountryand,finally,helppeople.“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair,”Reindahlsays.“IwantedtoservemycountrybecauseIwantedtobeapartofsomethingbiggerthanallofus.”Reindahl’sfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.Reindahlworkedasaflightengineeronnavalaircraftsince2007.“Ikepttheplanereadytoflybothonthegroundandintheair,”Reindahlsays.WhileintheMiddleEast,ReindahlmetanursewhoflewintheNavy.“Isawhowdevotedandpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,”Reindahlsays.“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.”\nWhensheleftactivedutyin2016,ReindahlappliedtoUW-EauClaireforanursingdegree.Andherfinalgoalwillbeachievedthismonthwhenshegraduates.“Iwanttogiveback,”Reindahlsays.“Ilovelearningaboutscience,andifthatcansavealife,ormaketheworldbetter,thenIwanttohelp.”Dr.MeganLagunas,assistantprofessoroftheCollegeofNursingandHealthSciences,regardsReindahlassomeonewhowillbeanassettothenursingprofession.“Jessica’sdifferentbackground”allowshertobringherownperspective(视角)tonursingschoolwhichpositivelychallengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,”Lagunassays.“Thenursingprofessionisluckytohaveher.”56．WhydidJessicaReindahlwanttofly?A．Becauseshelikedthefeelingofflying.B．Becauseshewantedtoservehercountry.C．Becauseshedecidedtofollowherfather.D．Becauseshemeanttogivebacktoothers.57．WhatinspiredReindahltobeanurse?A．Herdifferentbackground.B．Herexperiencewithanurse.C．Herdevotiontohercountry.D．Herprofessor’sencouragement.58．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anasset”inParagraph7referto?A．Aluckyperson.B．Alearnedperson.C．Avaluableperson.D．Apowerfulperson.59．WhatcanwelearnfromReindahl’sstory?A．Likefather,likeson.B．Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D．Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.（B）GrandCanyonNationalParkLocatedentirelyinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandadjacentuplands.Oneofthemostspectacularexamplesoferosionanywhereintheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparablevistasitoffersto\nvisitorsontherim.GrandCanyonNationalParkisaWorldHeritageSite.ParkOpeningsandClosingsTheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremainopen24hoursaday.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-Mayandclosemid-October.Parkentrancesremainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvarythroughouttheyear.ParkInformationTheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsamapandinformationaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench,German,Japanese,Italian,Spanish,Korean,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthoseplanningtohikeoneofthepark’smaintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsatentrancestations,visitorcenters,oratgo.nps.gov/136ojl.AccessibilityManyofthefacilitiesatGrandCanyonarehistoricandbuiltbeforecurrentaccessibilitystandardswereset.Theterrainisruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualimpairmentsmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,seego.nps.gov/1rtxl2.ParkEntranceFeesFeescollectedsupportprojectsinthepark.Admissiontotheparkis$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkviaGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,privateraftingtrip,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrancestationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.Forcompletefeeinformation,includingAnnual,ActiveMilitary,Senior,andAccesspasses,visitgo.nps.gov/y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrandCanyonNationalParkincorporatessustainabilityintoallaspectsofitsoperations.UseyourrefillablewaterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspring\nwateratmajortrailheads,visitorcentersandgrocerystores.Pleaserecycle–recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandascommonastrashbins.Discoverwhatelseyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelinghereandbeyondatgo.nps.gov/1b2rzt.60．Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedforthembyvisiting________.A．go.nps.gov/y5uu6fB．go.nps.gov/1rtxl2C．go.nps.gov/136ojlD．go.nps.gov/1b2rzt61．Whatistheadmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoonaten-dayvacationtoGrandCanyonNationalParkbydrivingacar?A．$35.B．$60.C．$70.D．$120.62．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.B．HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaninterpreter.C．TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld'smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.D．VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.(C)Aseismic（地震的；重大的）shiftinclimatesciencemightbeheatingup.Newresearchshowsthatsoundwaves,producedbyearthquakescanbeusedtomeasuretemperaturesintheoceanwhichtraps90%oftheheatEarthabsorbsfromthesun，makinglong-termchangesinoceanwarmth,amajorfactorinhowtheworldmightrespondtoglobalwarming.ForyearsthemainapproachofmeasuringoceantemperaturehasbeenArgo,anarray（阵列）of4000automaticfloats,whichdriftstheglobe,samplingoceanwaterandmeasuringitstemperature.YetArgomeasurementsstopat2000meters.Thenewtechniquecalled“SeismicOceanThermometry”,wouldbeespeciallyusefulindetectinglong-termchangesinoceantemperaturesdeeperthanArgo’s\nreach.“OceanAcousticTomography”,thebasisforthecurrentresearch,wasfirsttestednearly30yearsago.Theinitialstudiescreatedsoundwavesartificially,basicallyincreasingthevolumeongiantunderwaterspeakers.Scientistsmeasuredthesound’straveltimefromthespeakerstoreceiversthousandsofkilometersaway.Becauseoceantemperaturesaffectthespeedofthewaves,theresearcherscouldcalculateaveragetemperaturesalongtheirpaths.Butsomebelievedthenoisewasathreattooceanlifeandthetechniquenevertookoff.Thenewstudyinsteadusesanaturalsoundsourceforinvestigation：earthquakesmakingalow,continuousnoisebeneaththeseaflooroffthecoastofSumatrathatdrumupsoundwavesintheocean.OntheshoresoftheChagosIslandsintheEastIndianOcean,between2005and2016SeismicStationDiegoGarciarecordedseismicwavesproducedbythoseearthquakes.Someofthosewavescreatedphysicalchangesinlandandseaastheytraveled.OthersweresoundwavesorTwavesthatmovedthroughthedeepocean,deliveringvaluabledataaboutoceantemperature.12yearsofdatacoupledwithmathematicalmodelspointedtoatemperaturechangeofroughly0.044degreesperdecade,atrendlargerthanthosepredictedbyArgo.ThefindingssuggestthatSeismicOceanThermometryisafeasiblemethodtomeasurechangesinoceantemperature.Furtherdatafromotherregionsoftheglobeandothertimeframeswouldhelpimprovethewarningmodelsandpredictions.Andinfuturestudiestheresearchersplantolistendirectlyforsoundwaves,usinganetworkofhydrophones,microphoneswhichdetectsoundwavesunderwater.Soundwavessetthetoneforadeepdiveintoourwarmingoceanseveniftheyfailtoreach60000milesunderthesea?63．WhatdisadvantagedoesArgohave?A．Itsreachislimited.B．Ittakeslongtocollectsamples.C．Itdoesn’tworkglobally.D．Itspredictionisn’treliableatall.64．ItcanbelearnedthatOceanAcousticTomography________.A．wastestedmanytimesbutneversucceeded\nB．remainedunpopularforfearofpotentialharmC．wasassumedtobetoocomplicatedtobecontrollableD．measuredoceantemperaturejustasthenewresearchdoes65．Itcanbeinferredfromthenewfindingsthat________.A．somewarmingisworkingitswaydeeperintotheoceanB．oceantemperatureisrisingfasterowingtoearthquakesC．soundtravelsfasterincolderwaterthaninhotterwaterD．soundwaveswillslowdownthewarmingoftheocean66．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SoundWavesFirstAppliedtoClimateScience.B．NewFactorsFoundtoBeHeatinguptheOcean.C．ANaturalApproachHoldingBackGlobalWarming.D．Ocean’sHiddenHeatMeasuredwithEarthquakeSounds.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentenceslistedbelow.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.A．Overthecourseoffivedecadestheirguidelineshavebecomewidelyacceptedworldwide.B．Theawarenessofanimalprotectioncontributestothedeclineofthenumber.C．Humanvolunteersmustbeabletoreplacemonkeysmoreandmoreinthenext10to20years.D．Newexperimentaltechniqueshelptopushnumbersdown.E.Itssupporterspointtothelonglistofmedicaladvancesmadepossiblewiththehelpofanimalresearch.F.Thenumberoftheanimalsusedinresearchisstillconsiderable.WillExperimentationonAnimalsEnd?Oneofthemostdebatableissuesinscienceistheuseofanimalsinresearch.Scientistsexperimentonanimalsfordifferentreasons,includingbasicresearchtoexplorehoworganismsfunction,investigatingpotentialtreatmentsforhumandisease,andsafetyandqualitycontroltestingofdrugs,devicesandotherproducts.\n67．However,opponentsbelieveitiscruelandmeaningless,asobservationsinanimalsoftendonottranslatedirectlytohumans.In1959,WilliamRussellandRexBurchproposedtheir“3Rs”guidelinesformakingtheuseofanimalsinscientificresearchmorehumane:restricttheuseofanimals;refineexperimentstominimizedistress;andreplacetestswithalternativetechniques.68．Around29millionanimalsperyeararecurrentlyusedinexperimentsintheU.S.andEuropeansUnioncountries.Thisislessthanhalfthetotalinthemid-1970s——asignificantdrop.69．Improvementsinimagingmethodsthatofferalookinsidethebodiesofanimalsallowscientiststogetmoreandbetterdatafromeachexperimentthanbefore.Forexample,researcherspreviouslyhadtodoexperimentswithmultiplemiceatdifferentstagesofcancerdevelopment,butnowtheycanwatchthediseasedevelopinasinglelivinganimalusingadye.Similarly,asbrain-imagingtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,somequestionsthatwereaddressedwithexperimentsinmonkeysbeforemaybebetteransweredbylookingintothehumanbrainnow.“70．”saysLarryCarbone,aseniorveterinarian(兽医)attheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco.SectionDDirections:Readthefollowingpassage,Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HerbalMedicineNothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully,andfightingtostaycalm,Itoldmy4-year-olddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke（中风），thatshewasunconscious,andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.Asshemovedclosertome,Amelialookedatme,eyesbright,andsaid,“MaybeGrandmawillbeokay.”“Maybeshewill,”Isaid,keepingbackthetears,ButIknewbetter.IwasflyinguptoMyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina,fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosaygood-byetomymom.Therestofthatawfulweek,Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymy\nmother’ssideinthehospitalroom.Iheldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatitwasn’ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittlegranddaughter,Amelia,believedthatshe’dgetbetter.Thedoctors,withalltheiryearsoftrainingandexperience,offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextensive.Then,acoupleofweekslater,anoddthinghappened.Momwokeup.Sheregainedconsciousness.Perseveredthroughalongandtoughrecovery,duringwhichshehadtolearntowalk,read,andwritealloveragain,andeventuallyreturnedhometoDad.Theonlyonewhowasn’tshockedwasAmerlia.Thedoctorscouldn’texplainit.Ameliadidn’tneedto.Hopecameasnaturallytoherasbreathings.Sowhyarewesoafraidtohopesometimes?Maybeit’sbecauseovertheyear,life’sdisappointmentscanturnustodisillusionment（理想破灭）.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay:“Hopeforthebest,expecttheworst”?That’snotreallyhopeatall.Hopeisbeingabletolookatourworldwithallofthejoyandwonderofachild.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72．新颁布的这项政策旨在抑制一路攀升的房价，实现教育公平。（intend）73．大家一致认为，和强健的体格、敏锐的大脑一样，高尚的品格是当代年轻人成才的必备条件之一。(agreement)74．这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。（pursue）75．我们有必要确认小区每个来访者的身份。（necessary）II.GuidedWriting Directions: WriteanEnglishcompositionin120–150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启学校的高三年级学生李磊，你校的英语报正在征集宣传垃圾分类(classifythegarbage)的口号与具体措施。请就此写一篇稿件。你的稿件必须包括:\n=你设计的口号及其含义；=你的校园垃圾分类建议(注:文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2021上海市高考压轴卷英语【答案】第I卷第一大题。1-5DBDDB6-10CDCDC11-15CDBDD16-20BCDAD第二大题每小题1分。共26分。语法填空21．matched22．with23．hasbeenshadowed24．nothing25．tosecure26．where27．mentioned28．publicizing29．what30．however选词填空(31---40)\n31．I32．D33．J34．C35．G36．E37．B38．A39．H40．F第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第66至77小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。41．C42．B43．D44．A45．C46．B47．D48．C49．A50．C51．B52．D53．B54．A55．C阅读理解：A篇56．A57．B58．C59．DB篇:60．B61．C62．CC篇：63．A64．B65．A66．D六选四：67．E68．A69．D70．C71.SummarywritingDoctorswerepessimisticaboutmymothersstrokewhilemylittledaughter,Amelia,fullofhope.IpassedonAmelia’shopewhenourfamilygatheredtobidfarewelltohernhospitalIncredibly,sherecoveredandcamebackhomeafteraperiodofrestorationEveryonewasastonishedexceptAmelia.Hopedoesbringpeopleintroubleamazement.(55words)第二卷I72.Thepolicy(whichwas)newlyreleased\\isintendedtocurb(/control)\\theever-risinghousingprice\\andachieveeducationequality.[Thenewly-issuedpolicyisintendedtocurb(/control/regulate/restrain)theever-rising(/soaring)housingpriceandachieveeducationequality.]73.Everyonehascometoanagreementthatanoblepersonalityaswellasastrongbodyandasharpmindisoneoftherequirementsthatyoungpeopletodayshouldmeettobecometalents.74.Theyoungteacherwhojustgraduatedlovesthejobandpursuesexcellenceconstantly,sohiscolleagueshavehighhopesforhim.75.Itisnecessaryforustoconfirm/checktheidentityofeveryvisitortotheneighbourhood/residence/housingestate.II76.【答案】ThesloganIdesignforthiseventis“Classifyinggarbageforourfuture!”Thehugeamountofgarbagebringsseriousenvironmentalpollutionproblems.Thoughgarbageclassificationwecanreducethetrashandhelpprotecttheenvironment,whichwillgiveusabrighterfuture.\nButgarbageclassificationismorethanaslogan.Wecanholdsomeactivitiessuchasquizgamestoraisethestudents’awarenessofit.Havingclassesinwhichstudentscanlearnhowtocorrectlyclassifythetrashisveryimportant.Anditwillbegreatifwecanputsomewastecontainersindifferentcolors.Ontheonehand,itwillremindstudentsofthrowingthegarbageintherightdustbinsandontheotherhandstudentswillhaveachancetopracticewhattheyhavelearnedaboutgarbageclassification.【解析】第I卷第一大题。第二大题每小题1分。共26分。语法填空(21---30)这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国科学家的一项发现：莱斯特市的一个停车场地下挖掘出的遗骸是15世纪英格兰国王查理三世，通过对此研究，解开了长达五百年的谜团。21．【答案】matched【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这幅骸骨的DNA与查理三世一名姐妹的后代相匹配，骨骼上的战斗损伤与当代的描述一致。分析可知，“and”表达并列关系，连接前后两个句子，由此可知，所填动词应是前句的谓语动词，结合后句谓语“had”为一般过去时可知，所填动词所在句应是一般过去时。故填matched。22．【答案】matched【解析】考查介词。句意：这幅骸骨的DNA与查理三世一名姐妹的后代相匹配，骨骼上的战斗损伤与当代的描述一致。“(be)consistentwith…”，固定短语，意为“符合；与……一致”。故填with。23．【答案】hasbeenshadowed【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一发现在历史学家中引起了极大的兴奋，因为它提供了一个确凿的证据，证明一个统治者的生活一直被关于他自1485年在博斯沃思战役中死亡以来冷血无情的谣言所掩盖，尽管有官方记录。分析可知，所填动词应是定语从句“whoselife______23____(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumoursconcerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.”\n中的谓语动词，结合时间状语“sincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485”可知，应是现在完成时，且动词“shadow(在……上投下或覆盖阴影)”与主语“whoselife”之间为被动关系，应是现在完成时被动结构：have/hasbeendone，且主语“whoselife”为第三人称单数。故填hasbeenshadowed。24．【答案】nothing【解析】考查代词。句意：然后王冠传给了都铎王朝的统治者，他们把理查德描绘成一个丑陋的坏人，在追求权力的过程中不惜一切代价，甚至谋杀了他的两个年轻的侄子，即所谓的塔中王子，以获得权力。“stopatnothing”是固定短语，意为“不惜一切代价；毫无顾忌”。故填nothing。25．【答案】tosecure【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后王冠传给了都铎王朝的统治者，他们把理查德描绘成一个丑陋的坏人，在追求权力的过程中不惜一切代价，甚至谋杀了他的两个年轻的侄子，即所谓的塔中王子，以获得权力。分析可知，“___25___(secure)thepower”在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式表达。故填tosecure。26．【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：搜寻他的尸体始于几年前，当时考古学家开始在据说埋葬国王的市政停车场下挖掘。分析可知，“___26___thekingwassupposedlyburied”为之前名词短语“themunicipalcarpark(市政停车场)”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。27．【答案】mentioned【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：可能是疼痛，导致他的右肩显得比左肩高，但没有莎士比亚《理查三世》中提到的畸形手臂的证据。分析可知，句子谓语为“was”，所填动词应是非谓语作之前名词短语“thedeformedarm(畸形的手臂)”的后置定语，动词“mention(提及)”与其之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填mentioned。28．【答案】publicizing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：历史学家现在希望澄清一些关于理查德的神话，公开证据来反驳他杀害了两位年轻王子的说法。分析可知，句子谓语为“hope”，所填动词应是非谓语在句中作状语，动词“publicize(宣传；公布)”与主语“Historians(历史学家)”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填publicizing。29．【答案】what\n【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他们打算把重点放在理查德在他短暂的两年统治中取得的成就上，包括建立一个法律援助系统。分析可知，“___29___Richardachievedinhisbrieftwo-yearruling”为之前动词短语“focuson”的宾语从句，从句中动词“achieved(达到；取得)”缺少宾语，应用what引导。故填what。30．【答案】however【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：根据理查德三世协会成员菲利帕·兰利的说法，无论理查德三世在过去看起来有多残忍，一个新的国王形象将会出现。分析可知，设空所在句“___30___cruelRichardIIIappearedtobeinthepast(理查三世在过去残忍)”提及的“残忍形象”与后文“anewimagewillemergeoftheking(国王的新形象将会出现)”构成转折关系，设空句为让步状语从句。结合空后的形容词“cruel”可知，应是“However+形容词/副词+主语+谓语……”句式结构，其中“however”意为“无论多么”。故填however。选词填空(31---40)这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国得克萨斯州一所高中的学生开了一家经营善行的商店。31．【答案】I【解析】考查动词。句意：去年11月，桑格市琳达塔特高中的学生开设了一家杂货店，让学生可以使用积分制购买厕纸、肉类和基本食品等必需品。分析句子可知，enablesb.todosth.（使某人能够做某事），此处用动词原形形式，purchase“购买”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。32．【答案】D【解析】考查副词。句意：“在我们的学区，大约有2750名学生入学，在整个学区，43%的学生被认为是经济上处于不利地位，”琳达塔特的校长安东尼·洛夫告诉CNN。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰2,750studentsenrolled，roughly“大约”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。33．【答案】J【解析】考查形容词。句意：“在我们的学区，大约有2750名学生入学，在整个学区，43%的学生被认为是经济上处于不利地位，”琳达塔特的校长安东尼·洛夫告诉CNN。分析句子可知，beconsidered+adj.（被认为……），disadvantaged“弱势的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。34．【答案】C【解析】考查动词原形。句意：我们认为重要的是要支持他们和他们的家人，确保他们的餐桌上有食物。分析句子可知，itis+adj.todosth.，此处用动词原形形式，support“支持”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。35．【答案】G【解析】考查动名词。句意：学生通过对学校的积极贡献而获得分数。分析句子可知，bydoingsth.（通过做某事），此处用动名词（doing）形式，contributing“贡献”\n为动名词，符合句意。故选G项。36．【答案】E【解析】考查语态。句意：每个项目的分数实际上是由学生分配的。分析句子可知，结合was可知，主语Thenumberofpointsforeachitem和谓语动词assign是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态（wasdone），assigned“分配”为过去分词，符合句意。故选E项。37．【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词。句意：华雷斯说，他希望这个想法能在其他领域得到实施。分析句子可知，gets是系动词，主语theidea和谓语动词implement是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态（is/getsdone），implemented“实施”为过去分词，符合句意。故选B项。38．【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。句意：除了经济利益，学生们还学习供应管理和客户服务，这些课程可以让他们为将来的工作做好准备。分析句子可知，此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词benefits，financial“经济的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。39．【答案】H【解析】考查名词。句意：桑格市长托马斯•缪尔也对这家商店的做法表示欢迎。分析句子可知，此处用名词作主语，practice“做法”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。40．【答案】F【解析】考查形容词。句意：我想这对他们也会有帮助，也能满足眼前的需要。分析句子可知，此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词need，immediate“当前的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第66至77小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。本文是一篇说明文。文章通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。41．【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了白发和皮肤起皱外，还有随年龄增长而来的情绪变化。A.physical身体的；B.intellectual智力的；C.emotional感情的；D.functional实用的。根据“Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocio-emotionalselectivitytheory,olderhumansprefermore___53___relationshipsbecausetheyareawarethattimeisrunningout.”可知，人类随年龄增长而带来情绪变化。故选C。42．【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人到了晚年，他们更喜欢长期的朋友，他们的社交圈减少了。A.habits习惯；B.friends朋友；C.tasks任务；D.ideas想法。根据“Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetokeepcontactwiththeir___44___friendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.”可知，当人到了晚年更喜欢长期的朋友。故选B。\n43．【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，科学家们似乎首次在另一个物种身上发现了同样的行为。A.problem问题；B.obstacle障碍；C.struggle奋斗；D.behaviour行为。根据“Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetokeepcontactwiththeir___44___friendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.”可知，科学家发现黑猩猩的行为和人类的行为相似。故选D。44．【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对黑猩猩长达20年的观察表明，年长的雄性选择与已有的朋友保持联系，而牺牲其他关系。A.established建立的；B.respective各自的；C.experienced有经验的；D.thoughtful体贴的。根据“attheexpenseofotherrelationships.”可知，年长的黑猩猩选择与已建立关系的朋友保持联系而牺牲其他关系。故选A。45．【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员研究了1996年至2016年期间进行的7.8万个小时的观察，这些观察跟踪了21只15至58岁雄性黑猩猩的社会互动。A.skills技巧；B.reputations名声；C.interactions相互作用；D.positions位置。根据“Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016”可知，研究人员跟踪研究了黑猩猩的社会互动。故选C。46．【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们根据黑猩猩与其他黑猩猩坐在一起和为它们梳理毛发的时间长短来划分黑猩猩之间的关系。A.intelligence智力；B.relationships关系；C.popularity流行；D.performances表现。根据“Theythenrated(分类)thevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;”可知，研究人员通过观察来了解黑猩猩之间的关系。故选B。47．【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：单方面的友谊，其中一只黑猩猩比另一只更愿意成为朋友。A.easy-going随和的；B.warm-hearted热心的；C.self-relying自力更生的；D.one-sided片面的。根据“whereonechimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;”可知，这是单方面的友谊。故选D。48．【答案】C\n【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：以及非友谊，即两只黑猩猩都没有对对方表现出兴趣。A.respectfor尊敬；B.courageto勇气；C.interestin兴趣；D.loyaltyto忠诚。showinterestin对……有兴趣。根据“___47___friendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;”和“andnon-friendships,”可知，两只黑猩猩没有友谊就对彼此之间没有兴趣。故选C。49．【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当科学家们观察友谊的模式时，他们发现年长的黑猩猩比年轻的黑猩猩有更多的共同友谊，而更少的是单方面的友谊。A.patterns模式；B.importance重要性；C.meanings意义；D.development发展。根据“theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.”可知，这里指科学家们观察黑猩猩的友谊模式。故选A。50．【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。A.instinct直觉；B.disadvantage缺点；C.feature特色；D.belief信念。根据“Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesame___43___inanotherspecies.”可知，这里指研究人员发现老年人类的另一个特征也出现在黑猩猩身上。故选C。51．【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着雄性年龄的增长，它们的攻击性会逐渐减弱，这意味着它们开始很少打架，也不会经常威胁群体中的其他成员。A.responsibility责任；B.aggression侵犯；C.reliability可靠性；D.advancement进步。根据“meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtothreatenothersintheirgrouplessoften.”可知，雄性黑猩猩随着年龄的增长攻击性会逐渐减弱。故选B。52．【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些观察让研究人员感到困惑。A.delighted高兴的；B.amused愉快的；C.relived再生的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据“Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocio-emotionalselectivitytheory,olderhumansprefermore___53___relationshipsbecausetheyareawarethattimeisrunningout.Howevermanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzees___54___thehumansenseofmortality(死亡),suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.”可知，研究人员对这些观察感到困惑。故选D。\n53．【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据心理学上被称为社会情感选择性理论的观点，老年人更喜欢积极的关系，因为他们意识到时间不多了。A.unknown未知的；B.positive积极的；C.insecure不安全的；D.senseless无意义的。根据“becausetheyareawarethattimeisrunningout.”可知，老年人因为意识到时间不多了，更喜欢积极的关系。故选B。54．【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多动物专家认为，黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识，这表明有其他因素驱动着这种行为。A.lack缺乏；B.obtain获得；C.imitate仿效；D.abandon抛弃。根据“suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.”可知，动物专家认为黑猩猩缺乏人类的死亡意识。故选A。55．【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：牛津大学进化心理学教授罗宾·邓巴表示，就人类而言，随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺少机会，人们走出去和他人见面的动机下降。A.absencefrom缺；B.isolationfrom疏远；C.decreasein减少；D.distinctionin区分。根据“duetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedbylackofopportunity.”可知，人类随着年龄的增长，社交圈的减少是由于缺乏机会而减少的。故选C。阅读理解：A篇这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了JessicaReindahl的三个梦想，以及它们实现的过程。56．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair.（我想要飞翔，因为我喜欢从甲板上起飞，在空中飞翔的感觉），可知JessicaReindahl想坐飞机是因为她喜欢飞的感觉，故选A。57．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Isawhowdevotedandpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,”Reindahlsays.“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.”(“我看到他们对病人的关怀是多么的投入和真诚，这完全激励了我，”Reindahl说。“从那天起，我就知道我想成为一名护士。”)”可知，和护士相处的经历激励Reindahl想要成为一名护士。故选B。\n58．【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“Jessica’sdifferentbackground”allowshertobringherownperspective(视角)tonursingschoolwhichpositivelychallengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,(“Jessica的不同背景”使她能够将自己的观点带到护理学校，这对那些学习环境中的每个人都提出了积极的挑战，让他们超越自己的观点)”可知，Dr.MeganLagunas认为Jessica是一个有价值的人，所以anasset意思是“有价值的人”。故选C。59．【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。阅读文章内容，并根据第三段“Reindahl’sfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.(在美国海军服役九年期间，Reindahl的头两个梦想实现了。)和后文描述可知，JessicaReindahl通过自己的努力实现了自己的梦想，由此可知，通过她的故事，我们学到“有志者事竟成”。A.Likefather,likeson.有其父，必有其子；B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.赠人玫瑰，手留余香；C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助；D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.有志者事竟成。结合选项可知，选项D切题。故选D。B篇:这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了大峡谷国家公园的一些情况，包括开放时间、公园信息、设施和门票费用等信息。60．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,seego.nps.gov/1rtxl2.(更多关于大峡谷国家公园的无障碍设施信息，请参见go.nps.gov/1rtxl2)”可知，残障人士可登入go.nps.gov/1rtxl2查询有关公园设施的详细资料。故选B。61．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Admissiontotheparkis$35perprivatevehicle(公园门票为每辆私家车35美元)”；“Thepasscanbeusedforsevendays(通行证可以使用7天)”以及“EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.(每年，国家公园管理局都提供免门票日)”可知，如果你和你的父母打算开车去大峡谷国家公园度假十天，门票是35+35=70美元。故选C。62．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Oneofthemostspectacularexamplesoferosionanywhereintheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparablevistasitofferstovisitorsontherim.GrandCanyonNationalParkisaWorldHeritageSite.(作为世界上最壮观的侵蚀例子之一，大峡谷为游客提供了无与伦比的美景。大峡谷国家公园是世界遗产)”可知，C选项“大峡谷是世界上最令人叹为观止的风景之一”正确。故选C。C篇：这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。63．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ForyearsthemainapproachofmeasuringoceantemperaturehasbeenArgo,anarray（阵列）of4000automaticfloats,whichdriftstheglobe,samplingoceanwaterandmeasuringitstemperature.YetArgomeasurementsstopat2000\nmeters.(多年来，测量海洋温度的主要方法是Argo，这是一个由4000个自动漂浮物组成的阵列，它在地球上漂流，对海水进行取样并测量其温度。然而Argo的测量在2000米就停止了。)”可知，Argo的缺点是它影响范围有限。故选A项。64．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“‘OceanAcousticTomography’,thebasisforthecurrentresearch,wasfirsttestednearly30yearsago.(‘海洋声学层析成像’是目前研究的基础，首次测试是在近30年前。)”和“Butsomebelievedthenoisewasathreattooceanlifeandthetechniquenevertookoff.(‘但一些人认为，这种噪音对海洋生物构成了威胁，这项技术从未得到推广。)”可知，“海洋声学层析成像”由于害怕潜在的伤害而不受欢迎。故选B项。65．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Someofthosewavescreatedphysicalchangesinlandandseaastheytraveled.OthersweresoundwavesorTwavesthatmovedthroughthedeepocean,deliveringvaluabledataaboutoceantemperature.(其中一些波在移动时造成了陆地和海洋的物理变化。另一些是声波或T波，它们在深海中移动，传递有关海洋温度的宝贵数据。)”倒数第二段中“12yearsofdatacoupledwithmathematicalmodelspointedtoatemperaturechangeofroughly0.044degreesperdecade,atrendlargerthanthosepredictedbyArgo.(12年的数据加上数学模型表明，温度变化大约为每10年0.044度，这一趋势比Argo预测的要大。)”可知，从新发现可以推断一些变暖正在向海洋深处蔓延。故选A项。66．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Newresearchshowsthatsoundwaves,producedbyearthquakescanbeusedtomeasuretemperaturesintheoceanwhichtraps90%oftheheatEarthabsorbsfromthesun，makinglong-termchangesinoceanwarmth,amajorfactorinhowtheworldmightrespondtoglobalwarming.(新的研究表明，地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度，海洋的温度能吸收地球从太阳吸收的90%的热量，使海洋温度发生长期变化，这是世界如何应对全球变暖的主要因素。)”可知，本文主要通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。选项D“海洋隐藏的热量通过地震的声波测量”突出文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。六选四：这是一篇议论文。动物实验会结束吗？文章介绍了动物试验这一现象，并指出新技术的进步有助于降低试验动物的数量。在未来，人类的试验会越来越多取代动物试验。67．【答案】E【解析】根据下文“However,opponentsbelieveitiscruelandmeaningless,asobservationsinanimalsoftendonottranslatedirectlytohumans.(然而，反对者认为这是残忍和没有意义的，因为对动物的观察往往不能直接转化为人类。)”可知，此处与下文形成转折，内容与支持在研究中使用动物试验的支持者的观点有关，选项E“Itssupporterspointtothelonglistofmedicaladvancesmadepossiblewiththehelpofanimalresearch.(它的支持者指出，在动物研究的帮助下，医学取得了许多进步。)”符合题意。故选E。68．【答案】A【解析】根据上文“In1959,WilliamRussellandRexBurchproposedtheir“3Rs”guidelinesformakingtheuseofanimalsinscientificresearchmorehumane(1959年，WilliamRussell和RexBurch提出了他们的“3Rs”\n准则，以使在科学研究中使用动物更人道)”和下文“Around29millionanimalsperyeararecurrentlyusedinexperimentsintheU.S.andEuropeansUnioncountries.(目前，美国和欧盟国家每年大约有2900万只动物被用于实验。)”可知，选项A中的theirguidelines指的是上文的“3Rs”准则，此处内容与WilliamRussell和RexBurch的“3Rs”准则被接受的范围有关，因此选项A“Overthecourseoffivedecadestheirguidelineshavebecomewidelyacceptedworldwide.(在过去的五十年中，他们的指导方针已在世界范围内被广泛接受。)”符合题意。故选A。69．【答案】D【解析】根据下文“Improvementsinimagingmethodsthatofferalookinsidethebodiesofanimalsallowscientiststogetmoreandbetterdatafromeachexperimentthanbefore.(成像方法的改进可以让科学家们看到动物的身体内部，这使他们从每次实验中获得比以前更多更好的数据。)”可知，此处内容与新技术对动物试验的帮助有关，选项D“Newexperimentaltechniqueshelptopushnumbersdown.(新的实验技术有助于降低数字。)”符合题意。Newexperimentaltechniques呼应Improvementsinimagingmethods。故选D。70．【答案】C【解析】根据上文“Similarly,asbrain-imagingtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,somequestionsthatwereaddressedwithexperimentsinmonkeysbeforemaybebetteransweredbylookingintothehumanbrainnow.(同样，随着大脑成像技术的发展，一些以前在猴子身上做的实验所解决的问题，现在通过研究人类大脑可能会得到更好的答案。)”可知，此处是LarryCarbone说的话，内容与在未来，人类的试验会越来越多取代动物试验有关，选项C“Humanvolunteersmustbeabletoreplacemonkeysmoreandmoreinthenext10to20years.(未来10到20年，人类志愿者必须能够越来越多地取代猴子。)”符合题意。Similarly,asbrain-imagingtechniques呼应inthenext10to20years。故选C。71.Summarywriting【答案】Doctorswerepessimisticaboutmymothersstrokewhilemylittledaughter,Amelia,fullofhope.IpassedonAmelia’shopewhenourfamilygatheredtobidfarewelltohernhospitalIncredibly,sherecoveredandcamebackhomeafteraperiodofrestorationEveryonewasastonishedexceptAmelia.Hopedoesbringpeopleintroubleamazement.(55words)【解析】本篇书面表达是概述写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。文章讲述了作者的母亲突然中风昏迷，当作者小心翼翼把这一消息告诉自己的女儿时，女儿却充满希望地说：奶奶会好的。女儿的希望成真，作者的母亲真的苏醒了，最终回了家。作者由此生发感概：希望给了我们惊喜，叫世界充满奇迹。【详解】写作步骤：1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。2）弄清要求。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：\n（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。本篇概要写作的原文是记叙文。是作者对自己家庭所发生故事的讲述，最后是议。所以，写作时一是要写出事情的主要经过：母亲突然生病、女儿的反应和我听了女儿的话后的作为，最后经过锻炼和复健，母亲回家了。二是要写出作者的“议”。事件的基本过程为主，议是总结和升华。【点睛】范文对原文要点的理解正确和呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立。涵盖了全部要求，完全使用了自己的语言，准确使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，没有出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第II卷第一大题第1至3小题，每题4分；第4至5小题，每题5分。共22分。72．【答案】Thepolicynewlyreleasedisintendedtocurb/controltheever-risinghousingpriceandachieveeducationequality.【解析】考查动词、短语和名词。根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“这项政策”为特指，译为名词短语Thepolicy，为句子主语，“新颁布的”译为newlyreleased，为主语的后置定语；“旨在”译为动词短语beintendedto，为句子谓语动词；“抑制”译为动词curb或control；“一路攀升的房价”译为名词短语theever-risinghousingprice，作curb或control的宾语；“实现”译为动词achieve；“教育公平”译为短语educationequality，作achieve的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故译为Thepolicynewlyreleasedisintendedtocurb/controltheever-risinghousingpriceandachieveeducationequality.73．【答案】Everyonehascometoanagreementthatanoblepersonalityaswellasastrongbodyandasharpmindisoneoftherequirementsthatyoungpeopletodayshouldmeettobecometalents.【解析】考查固定短语、同位语从句和定语从句。结合句意表示“大家”应用不定代词everyone，作主语；表示“一致认为”短语为cometoanagreement，主句用现在完成时；agreement后跟同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导，从句用一般现在时；从句中表示“高尚的品格”应用anoblepersonality，作主语；表示“和……\n一样”短语为aswellas；表示“强健的体格”短语为strongbody；表示“敏锐的大脑”短语为asharpmind；表示“……之一”短语为“oneof+可数名词复数”；表示“条件”可用名词requirement，作定语从句的先行词，用that引导；从句中主语为youngpeople；表示“必备”可用动词meet，should后跟动词原形；表示“成才”可翻译为becometalents。故翻译为Everyonehascometoanagreementthatanoblepersonalityaswellasastrongbodyandasharpmindisoneoftherequirementsthatyoungpeopletodayshouldmeettobecometalents.74．【答案】Theyoungteacherwhojustgraduatedlovesthejobandpursuesexcellenceconstantly,sohiscolleagueshavehighhopesforhim.【解析】考查句子结构，主谓宾句型以及复合句。表示“这位刚毕业的年轻老师”可用形容词和定语从句修饰名词，表达为theyoungteacherwhojustgraduated；表示动宾结构“热爱这份工作”为lovethejob；表示“不断追求卓越”为pursueexcellenceconstantly；表示“所以同事们都寄予他厚望”由从属连词so引导从句为sohiscolleagueshavehighhopesforhim。除定语从句中谓语为一般过去时，动词为过去式外，其他谓语动词均为一般现在时，注意主谓一致，句首字母大写，故翻译为Theyoungteacherwhojustgraduatedlovesthejobandpursuesexcellenceconstantly,sohiscolleagueshavehighhopesforhim.75．【答案】Itisnecessaryforustoconfirm/checktheidentityofeveryvisitortotheneighbourhood/residence/housingestate.【解析】考查形容词、it作形式主语和动词。根据英文提示可知，表示“某人有必要做某事”应用itisnecessaryforsbtodosth，it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正主语。表示“确认”可用动词confirm或check，表示“身份”应用名词identity，表示“来访者”应用名词visitor，表示“去某地的访客”应用tospl修饰，表示“小区”应用名词neighbourhood/residence/housingestate。再结合其它句意，故翻译为“Itisnecessaryforustoconfirm/checktheidentityofeveryvisitortotheneighbourhood/residence/housingestate.”。第二大题共25分。76.【答案】ThesloganIdesignforthiseventis“Classifyinggarbageforourfuture!”Thehugeamountofgarbagebringsseriousenvironmentalpollutionproblems.Thoughgarbageclassificationwecanreducethetrashandhelpprotecttheenvironment,whichwillgiveusabrighterfuture.\nButgarbageclassificationismorethanaslogan.Wecanholdsomeactivitiessuchasquizgamestoraisethestudents’awarenessofit.Havingclassesinwhichstudentscanlearnhowtocorrectlyclassifythetrashisveryimportant.Anditwillbegreatifwecanputsomewastecontainersindifferentcolors.Ontheonehand,itwillremindstudentsofthrowingthegarbageintherightdustbinsandontheotherhandstudentswillhaveachancetopracticewhattheyhavelearnedaboutgarbageclassification.【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇关于垃圾分类宣传的稿件。第一步：根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇关于垃圾分类宣传的稿件，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：（1）你设计的口号及其含义；（2）你的校园垃圾分类建议.第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：thesloganis（口号是），提升垃圾分类的意识（raiseawarenessofgarbageclassification），正确地进行垃圾分类（correctlyclassifythetrash）等。第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合作文要求，其中不乏亮点句型。定语从句的使用Thoughgarbageclassificationwecanreducethetrashandhelpprotecttheenvironment,whichwillgiveusabrighterfuture.非谓语动词的使用Havingclassesinwhichstudentscanlearnhowtocorrectlyclassifythetrashisveryimportant.固定句型的使用Ontheonehand,itwillremindstudentsofthrowingthegarbageintherightdustbinsandontheotherhandstudentswillhaveachancetopracticewhattheyhavelearnedaboutgarbageclassification.听力原文1．【原文】W:Howfarawaydoyoulivefromtheuniversity,John?M:It’sabouta15minutes’drive.Butduringrushhours,itwilltakeanother10minutes.Q:HowlongdoesittakeJohntogototheuniversityduringrushhours?2．【原文】M:Goodafternoon,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Yes.MysisterisexpectingababyandIwanttogethersomethingspecial.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?3．【原文】M:Alittlebirdtoldmethatyougotpromoted.Youmustbeveryexcited.W:Notreally.Thenewofficeisnice,buttheworkloadhasdoubled.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhernewjob?4．【原文】W:Howlongwillittakethissofatogettomyapartment?M:Well,italldepends.Ihavetoaskourdeliveringdepartmenttoconfirmit.\nQ:Whatismostprobablytheman?5．【原文】W:Sam,whichoptionalcoursewillyoutakethissemester?M:Filmstudies,Iguess.ButI’llconsiderFrenchasanalternative.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?6．【原文】M:Youknowwhat,Jenny?TheGreenEarthFoundationturneddownmyapplication!W:Oh,don’ttakeitsohard.Youcanalwaysfindanotherchancetomakeadifferencetotheenvironment.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7．【原文】W:Thanksfortakingthetimetolookatthefirstdraftofmypaper.M:That’sOkay.I’vemarkedseveralpageswhereyouapparentlycopiedsomeothersources,butdidn’tmentionwhereyoufoundit.Q:Accordingtotheman,whatwillthewomanneedtodo?8．【原文】W:IsthereanATMmachineinthisdepartmentstore?M:Yes,thereis.It’srightthereontheleftsideoftheentrance.ButIrememberseeingan“out-of-order”signonit.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?9．【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofmynewshoes,Dad？M:Hmmm...ifIwereyou,Iwouldn’tbothertotrythemon.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?10．【原文】W:Didyoureadtoday’snewspaper?Iheardthereissomethingaboutanewmiracledrug.M:Ididreadanarticleaboutmedicalresearchersbeingontheedgeofamajorbreakthrough.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?11--13．【原文】Beingastay-at-homedadnowismuchmoredifferentthanitwas10yearsago.It'snolongersomethingnew.Youcanseethemallthetime.AnewstudyfindsthatintheU.S.morethantwomillionfathersarestayingathometotakecareofthehouseandfamily.Thisnumberistwicethatof25yearsago.In2012,16percentofallparentsintheU.S.werestay-at-homedads.Aresearchshowsthenumberofdadsstayingathomewillcontinuetogrow.Inthelast25yearstherehavebeenchanges.Dadsaretakingonmoreresponsibilitiesfortakingcareofthechildren.Mothers,however,takeonmoreresponsibilitiesforsupportingthefamily.Theresearchalsopointsoutthatdadshavespentmuchmorehourscaringfortheirkidsinthepastdecades.Thatisahugechange.Thestudyfindsthatdisability,sicknessandunemploymentareamongthereasonsthatfathersstayhome.But,somefathersdososimplytospendmoretimewiththeir\nchildren.BlakeHumphreysisabig,strongman.Heandhiswifehavetwokids,a10-year-oldsonnamedAidenandanine-year-olddaughternamedCamille.Hehasbeenastay-at-homedadforthepasttenyearssincehissonwasborn.Blakebecameastay-at-homeparentforthesamereasonmanywomendo.Hemadelessmoneythanhiswife.Whenaskedaboutthemostdifficultpartofbeingastay-at-homedad,Blakesaysfeelinglonelyandshortoffriends.Hereallymissesthehappytimewithcolleaguesathisformerjob.Thereisalsoanotherproblem.Eventhoughthenumberofstay-at-homefathersisgrowingintheU.S.,stay-at-homedadscanstillfaceworriesabouttheirself-worth.Blakeandotherstay-at-homedadsexpressedtheirfeelingsofanxiety.ButBlakeadmitsspendingtimewithhischildrenisvaluableandhereallyenjoysit.Questions:11.Whichreasonforfathers’stayathomeisNOTmentionedinthestudy?12.WhydidBlakebecomeastay-at-homeparent?13.AccordingtoBlake,whatisthemostdifficultpartofbeingastay-at-homedad?14-16．【原文】Choosingwhattowearcanbeatrickyproblem,especiallyifyou’reafashionvictim.Tryingtokeepupwiththelateststylesinvolvesregularvisitstotheshopsandsometimesspendingalotonexpensivedesignerclothes.Butwhenthefashionchanges,theseclothesareleftinthebackofcupboardsgatheringdust,orjustgetthrownaway.Manystoresnowoffercheap“fastfashion”,thatislow-priceitemsthatcopythestylesofmoreexpensivedesignerbrands.Environmentalistsareangeredbytheamountofenergyinvolvedinmakingtheseclothes.Andmanyofthemareevenmadefromnon-recyclablematerials.Thismeansthatitemsarejustburntorgointolandfill.Recently,thefashionindustryhasledtoanewcropofbiomaterials.Forexample,aleather-likesubstanceismadefrompineappleleaves.Andtherootstructureofmushroomsisbeingusedtocreatefood,packagingandcloth.Butcreatingsustainableclothisonlypartofthebattle,whichmeansbuyingsecondhandandfewerclothesaretheobviousenvironmentallyfriendlychoices.Anexpertadvisedusnottobuyanyitemofclothingunlesswewearitatleastthreeyears.Questions:14.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?15.Whyareenvironmentalistsangryabout“fastfashion”?16.Whatcanweknowaboutthesustainablecloth?17--20．【原文】M:IgotapromotiontodayasthenewsupervisoroftheMarketingDepartment.W:Wow,thisisgreatnews!Youhavealotofexperiencewiththiscompany.Theywillbeveryhelpfultoyou!\nM:Iknow.However,Ihaveneversupervisedpeoplebefore.I’malittlenervous.W:Youwilldofine.Youareanaturalleader,andyouwillleadwell.M:Youthinkso,Lucy?W:Iknowso.Youarealwaysgoodatcoachingpeople.First,beingasupervisormeansbuildingagoodteamwheremembersworkwellwitheachother,right?M:Right.Ifmembersofateamdonotunderstandtheirowntasksaswellasthetasksoftheirteammates,itwillbeamess.W:Thingswillnotalwaysrunsmoothly.Therewillbeproblememployees.Soyoualsoneedtoknowhowtocoach,orevenhowtodiscipline,right?M:Right.Thisistheworstpartofbeingasupervisor.Youneedtobestrongandwiseenoughtocopewithproblememployees,andevenbe“mean”enoughtodisciplinethem.W:Thingswillchange,andyourdepartmentneedstobeabletoadapttochanges,right?M:Yes,technologicalchangeshappeneveryday.Ineedtogetmyemployeesreadyforchangesaswellastostimulatetheneedforchangesometimes.W:Youneedtosetanexampleforyouremployees.Therefore,youshouldhaveagoodunderstandingofyourresponsibilities,workhardandworkwellwithothers,bealerttochanges,andwhatmattersmostistounderstandthevaluesandgoalsofyourcompany.M:Thanksforthenoteofconfidence,Lucy.W:Youarewelcome,Tom.Questions：17.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?18.Whyisthemanworriedabouthispromotion?19.Whydoesthewomanthinkthemanisanaturalleader?20.Accordingtothewoman,whatisthemostimportantthingthemanshoulddoasateamleader?
