第三讲 阅读七选五总分总类专项练习A(2020·太原市高三阶段性测评)Weallagreethatweshouldrecyclemoreathome,intheofficeorwhenoutandabout.__1__Consequently,theycanbecollectedandtakentotherightplaceforrecycling.Thisiswhattheprocessofsortingallowsustodo.__2__Andtheeffectivesortingneedstohappenfirstinourownhome,andsecondinsortingplantstowhichwasteiscollected.Whenyouputaplasticbottleintherightrecyclingbagorbin,youarehelpingsortrecyclablethingssothattherightmaterialcanbefedintotherightrecyclingprocess.Ifsortingdoesnothappen,alotofrecyclablematerialscanendupinlandfills(废物填埋地)．Itwillleadtovaluableresourceslostfromoureconomy.__3__Forinstance,inBrusselsconsumersputplasticpackaging,cansandbeveragecartonsinbluebagsdesignedforrecyclablepackaging;paperinyellowbagsforrecycling;andglassneedstobetakentospecificcollectionbins.Somewhatdifferently,inVienna(Austria),citizenscanexpecttheirpaper,metal,glassandplastictobeseparatelycollectedindifferentweeksoftheyear.__4__Oncerecyclablematerialsarecollectedfromyourhome,theyarefurthersortedinspecialisedfacilitieswhichensurethequalityoftherecyclingprocess.__5__Traditionally,sortinghasbeendoneeithermanuallywithworkerssortingwhatcanberecycledandpickingoutthematerialstobediscardedormechanically.Today,however,newsortingtechnologiesarebeingdevelopedinordertospeeduptheprocessofsortingbutalsotocausebetterresults.Excitingtechnologiesusingmagnets(磁铁)oropticalsystemsarebeingusedtoeffectivelysortmaterialssomoreofthemcanberecycled.A．Foreffectiverecyclingweneedeffectivesorting.B．Packagingisthefirststeptowardsrecycling.C．Thisiswheredifferentsortingtechniquescomeintoplay.D．Socitizensneedtobeawareoftheirlocalcollectionsystem.\nE．Collectionsystemscanbeverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.F．Therestwerelandfilledorburnedeventhoughtheycouldhavebeenrecycledorreused.G．Butformaterialstoberecycled,theyfirstneedtofindtheirwaytotherightwastebin.语篇解读：本文介绍了回收再利用时分类很重要，且各国收集废品的方法可能不同，因此居民需要了解当地的收集方法，这样有利于高效地保护环境，同时有利于节约资源。1．选G 根据空后的“Consequently”可知，空后讲“结果”，则空处应是讲“原因”，故G项“但是对于要回收利用的材料来说，首先它们需要找到方法来通往恰当的垃圾箱”符合语境，并与空后一句“因此它们才能被收集并被带到恰当的地方进行回收利用。”逻辑关系紧密。故选G项。2．选A 上段讲了回收再利用和垃圾分类，本段讲的是有效的垃圾分类，故此空应填一个过渡句。A项中的“effectivesorting”与空后的“theeffectivesorting”相呼应，故选A项。3．选E 本段通过列举比利时的首都布鲁塞尔和奥地利的首都维也纳这两个城市不同的收集废品的方法以表明各国收集废品的方法可能不同，故E项“(废品)收集方法在国与国之间可能非常不同”可概括本段。故选E项。4．选D 空处为段落尾句，该段讲的是(废品)收集方法在国与国之间可能非常不同，设空处与前文应为因果关系，因此，居民需要了解当地的收集方法。故选D项。5．选C 空前讲将可回收材料在专用的设备中进行分类，空后是说垃圾分类分人工分类和机器分类两种，故C项“这就是不同的分类技术开始起作用的地方”可以衔接前后句。故选C项。B(2020·江西省五校协作体高三考试)Overthepastfewmonths,COVID19hascausedgreatuncertaintyaroundtheworld,affectingpeople’slivesinallaspects.Educationisalsogreatlyaffected.Withstudentsallturningtoonlineinstruction,livestreamedclasseshavebecomepopularamongschoolsanduniversities.__1__InChina,theuseofelearningisunusualnotonlyinsizebutalsoin\ndepth.__2__Foranother,itproveshowmoderntechnologychangesthewaystudentsareeducatedandencouragesfurtherresearchanddevelopmentofeducationaltechnologytointroducevirtualcommunitiesbetweenstudentsandteachers.Infact,onlineinstructionasanalternativeteachingmodehasbeenexpandingrapidlyinrecentyears.ManyChinesestartupsfocusonAIapplicationsinonlinecourses,andvariousonlineeducationalplatformsaresetup.__3__TheonlineeducationplatformMOOC,whereawidevarietyofcoursesisavailable,hasattractedtheworld’stopuniversitiestouploadandshareresourceswithstudentsaroundtheworld.Comparedwithformalinstruction,onlinecoursessaveabundantcostsandcreateaflexibleteachingmode—homeschooling,especiallyduringacrisis.__4__Forexample,ruralstudentswithnoaccesstotheInternetandtelevisionmightbeleftbehindinthisnewmode.Whenelearningbecomestheonlysolutionfordeliveringknowledge,theexistingdividecouldbewidened,furtherdeepeningeducationinequality.Also,thequalityofteachingbecomesheavilydependentonuncertainfactors,suchasastableconnectiontotheInternetandtechnicalskills.__5__Yet,thepandemic(流行病)hasundoubtedlyaffectedtheteachingstyleinasweepingmannerandgiveneducatorsaroundtheworldplentyoftimeandspacetothinkaboutthealternativeeducationalmodes.A．However,onlineteachinghasitsowndisadvantages.B．Thetraditionalfacetofaceteachingstylehasbeenchallenged.C．Chinesecollegesanduniversitiesstartedthespringtermonline.D．Moreover,onlineeducationisfairlyacceptabletocollegeeducation.E．Onlineteachingprovidesachancetoreconsiderthecurrenteducationsystem.F．Foronething,theimpressivepracticesetsagoodexampletoothercountries.G．So,it’searlytopredicthowthefutureoftheeducationsystemwilllooklike.\n语篇解读：新冠肺炎疫情给全世界带来了巨大的不确定性，对人们生活的方方面面都产生了一定的影响。教育也受到了影响，网课暂时替代传统的面授方式开始流行起来。本文就疫情下网课的流行现象及教育方式进行了分析。1．选B 根据空前一句“Withstudentsallturningtoonlineinstruction,livestreamedclasseshavebecomepopularamongschoolsanduniversities.”可推知，B项是上文产生的结果，传统的授课方式受到了挑战，所以选B项。2．选F 根据空后一句中的“Foranother”并结合语境可推知，此处应是列举网络化学习的影响，所以选F项，与下文相衔接。3．选D 根据空后一句中的“hasattractedtheworld’stopuniversities”可推知，网上教育对大学教育来讲是能接受的，所以选D项。4．选A 根据空后一句“Forexample,ruralstudentswithnoaccesstotheInternetandtelevisionmightbeleftbehindinthisnewmode.”可推知，该空与上文形成转折关系，表示网上教育也有缺点，所以选A项。5．选G 结合空后一句中的“giveneducatorsaroundtheworldplentyoftimeandspacetothinkaboutthealternativeeducationalmodes”可推知，该空应涉及教育系统的未来，G项承上启下，符合语境。C(2020·山西省六校高三阶段性测试)Weallknowbynowthatexerciseisgreatforyou.Butlet’sbehonest,sometimesfindingthatmotivationtoworkoutcanbealittledifficult.HereIamgoingtosharemytopreasonsforworkingout.Exercisecancompletelychangeyourfeeling.Whenyouworkout,yourbodyproducesendorphins,whichwillgiveyouarushofhappiness.__1__Nexttimeyou’rehavingabadday,trygoingforafastpacedrunortakingaspinningclass,andthedaywon’tseemsobadafterall.Exercisehelpsyoubecomesociable.WheneverImovetoanewcitytostudyorwork,Ilookforexerciseclasses,whereyoucanalwaysmeetlikemindedpeople.__2__Andyouallshareacollectivefeelingofhappinesswhenthehardclassfinishes!__3__Weallknowthephysicaleffectsofexerciseonourbodies,butwedon’talwaystalkaboutthementaleffects.Exercisemightgiveyoubeliefinyourselffrom\nbeingcomfortablewithyourbodyandappearance.Thisnewfeelingmightevenhelpinyourworkorsociallife.Exercisemakesyoufeelstrongandfit.__4__It’sagreatfeelingdoingsomethingyoucouldn’tdobeforeandknowingit’saresultofyourhardwork.So,nexttimeyou’refeelingdown,putyourtrainersonandgetsweating.Itmightnotbeeasyinthebeginningformostpeople.__5__A．Exercisemakesyoufeelconfident.B．Exercisehelpsyoureducestressandanxiety.C．Youcansupporteachotherduringadifficultworkout.D．Youwillfeelbetterafteraworkoutthanyoudidbeforeit.E．Youcangettoknoweachotherwellandmakeclosefriends.F．ButIpromiseyouwillfeelmuchbetteronceyou’vefinished!G．Running30minuteseverydayhelpsyoukeephealthyandmakesyoufeelasenseofachievement.语篇解读：众所周知，锻炼对人有益，然而还有很多人没有动力坚持这件事。本文讲述了锻炼身体在多个方面的益处以激励人们去运动。1．选D 本段的主题是“锻炼能完全改变你的心情”，因此本段的内容与心情有关。依据空处上一句可知，在锻炼时身体会产生内啡肽(endorphins)，从而能使人感到心情愉悦。所以D项锻炼之后与之前相比心情更好符合语境。2．选C 本段的主题是“锻炼有助于社交”，依据空处上下文中的“whereyoucanalwaysmeetlikemindedpeople”“youallshareacollectivefeelingofhappinesswhenthehardclassfinishes”可知，C项在艰苦的健身活动中你们能互相支持，衔接上下文，符合语境。3．选A 依据下文内容尤其是“Exercisemightgiveyoubeliefinyourselffrombeingcomfortable”可知，本段内容主要是锻炼能使人更自信。4．选G 依据本段首句可知，锻炼使你感到强壮、健康，G项中的“helpsyoukeephealthy”与之对应；再依据下文的“It’sagreatfeelingdoingsomethingyou\ncouldn’tdobefore”可知，做到了以前没有做到的事是一种很棒的感觉，G项中的“makesyoufeelasenseofachievement”与之相符。5．选F 空前提到“对大多数人来说，一开始(锻炼)可能不会很容易”，本空作为全文的结尾句，必然要再次对锻炼的好处或结果等进行陈述，而且跟空前内容形成转折关系，综合分析可知，F项符合语境。D(2020·山西省八校高三第一次联考)Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Therearenormallytwotypesoflearninginourdailylifeandstudy—activelearningandpassive(被动的)learning.__1__Thiswillhelpyoudevelopahabitofactivelearninggradually.__2__Ibetthatnoonesitsdowntoreadwiththepurposeofnotgettingthecontents.ButI’msurethatsomeofyouhavebeeninasituation,probablymorethanonce,whereyoureadanassignment,closedthebookandthought“whattheworldwasabout”．__3__Activereaders,ontheotherhand,setgoalsandchecktheirunderstandingastheyread.Whentheyfinish,theycanexplainthemainpointsandknowthatthey’veseenwhattheyhaveread.Activelearnersthinkaboutinformationdeeplyandcritically.Beingthoughtfulisanimportantpartofactivelearning,becauseitmeansthatyouareanalyzingandabsorbingtheinformation.__4__Forinstance,youmaymakeconnectionsbetweenthenewinformationandwhatyoualreadyknow,identifyconceptsthatyoumaynotunderstandverywell,orevaluatetheimportanceofwhatyouarereading.Anactivelearnerconsidersconstantlyinthisway.Incontrast,passivelearnersmayreadthetextandlistentolecturesandevenunderstandmostofwhatisreadandheard.__5__Allinall,behaviorofanactivelearnerandapassiveonevariesgreatly.Equippingyourselfwithstudystrategies(策略)ofactivelearnersmayeventuallyhelpyoubecomeoneofthem.A．Passivelearnerswon’tbestrictwiththemselves.B．Youneedtoknowsomedifferencesbetweenthem.\nC．Inotherwords,youareprocessingwhatyouread.D．However,thatimportantstepofreflectingonitisnottaken.E．Activelearnersacceptmuchoftheresponsibilityforlearning.F．Wheninteractingwiththetextinthisway,youaredoingpassively.G．Activelearnersstudywiththepurposeofgraspingandmemorizinginformation.语篇解读：作者在文中介绍了两种不同的学习类型——主动学习和被动学习，并介绍了它们的区别，让学生了解主动学习是如何进行的，进而养成主动学习的习惯。1．选B 上文提到通常有主动和被动两种学习方式，下文内容介绍了它们的不同，故B项符合语境，且与最后一段中的“Allinall,behaviorofanactivelearnerandapassiveonevariesgreatly.”首尾相呼应。2．选G 本空位于段首，应是本段的主题，概括本段的内容。第二段主要讲解不同学习模式中对阅读的不同的处理方式，再结合“setgoalsandchecktheirunderstanding...whattheyhaveread”可判断，G项“主动学习者带着理解和记忆信息的目的进行学习”正确。3．选F 空前内容介绍一种不好的学习方式，空后有转折短语“ontheotherhand”，介绍了主动学习者如何进行阅读，故空处应该是被动学习者的做法，F项符合语境。4．选C 空前提到“becauseitmeansthatyouareanalyzingandabsorbingtheinformation”，空后举例说明如何思考及处理信息，C项是前文的释义，且与下文表意一致，符合语境。5．选D 空前提到“相反，被动学习者阅读和听讲座时能理解大部分读到和听到的内容”，本文一直在对比两种学习方式的不同，故D项“However,thatimportantstepofreflectingonitisnottaken”符合题意，选项中的it指代上一句中的“whatisreadandheard”。E(2020·南昌市第一次模拟)\nWhyWalkinginNatureMakesYouaBetterWorker?We’rebusyatwork,distractedbytechnologyandoftenliveinurbanenvironmentsfarfromwildspaces.__16__.TheaverageAmerican,forexample,spendsabout90%oftheirlifeindoors.Butwhathappensifwemaketimeforanhouroutsideeachday?__17__.You’llhavetogooutforawalk,whichisbeneficialifmostofyourdayinvolvessittinginfrontofascreen.Researchshowsshortbreakscanimproveworkenthusiasm,andaquickbreakinnaturallightwilldeliverashotofvitaminD.Therearealsoalotofmentalbenefitswhenyouareinnature—youarehappyandyourbraincanmakesenseoflife.“Whenpeoplearealloutinnature,eveninurbannature,peopletendtohavemorepositiveemotionandenergythanwhentheyareindoors.__18__，”saidLisaNisbet,associateprofessoratCanada’sTrentUniversity.Theideathatnatureisgoodforushasbeengaininggroundssincethe1980s.__19__.Afterwards,shinrinyoku,theJapaneseconcept,whichisthepracticeoftakingashort,leisurelyvisittoaforestforhealthbenefits,followedthat.Researchersofshinrinyokuhavesincefoundplentyofphysicalandmentalbenefits,whileglobalstudiessuggestspendingtimeinnaturecan,forexample,restoreourabilitytofocus,increaseourcreativity,andevenhelpuslivelonger.Ofcourse,manyofusliveincitieswithnoreadyaccesstoforestsorthewilderness.__20__.Variousstudieshaveshownthatgreenenvironmentsincitieshavebeneficialeffects.A．Wealsodon’tgetoutmuchB．Butitdoesn’thavetobeaforestC．PeoplecangettoaforestforahikeD．Inotherwords,peoplearehappierinnatureE．TherearesomeobviousbenefitswhenbeingoutsideF．Greenandbluespacesarebetterthanbusycitystreets\nG．Firstcamethetheorythathumanshaveabasicdesiretobeconnectedwithnature语篇解读：到户外走走，而不是一直待在室内，对人们的身体和精神健康大有禆益。16．选A 根据空后一句“TheaverageAmerican,forexample,spendsabout90%oftheirlifeindoors.”可知，普通的美国人90%的时间都是在室内度过的，由此可推知，A项符合语境。17．选E 本空是段首句，与下一段的首句“Therearealsoalotofmentalbenefits...canmakesenseoflife.”呼应，并结合对本段内容的整体理解可知，本段主要讲述了出去走走的一些明显的益处，所以E项与语境相符。18．选D 本段表述大自然对人的精神健康有益。根据语境并结合空前的“peopletendtohavemorepositiveemotionandenergythanwhentheyareindoors”可推知，D项“换句话说，人们在大自然中更开心”与此处匹配。19．选G 根据空后一句“Afterwards,shinrinyoku,theJapaneseconcept...followedthat.”可推知，该空陈述的应是大自然对人类有益的理论或概念相关的内容，选项G的内容与空处相符，所以选G项。20．选B 空处承上启下。B选项中的“itdoesn’thavetobeaforest”与空前一句中的“withnoreadyaccesstoforestsorthewilderness”相衔接，且与空后一句中的“greenenvironmentsincitieshavebeneficialeffects”相呼应，所以选B项。F(2020·石家庄市高三阶段性训练)Whilemarathonstudysessionsmaybeunavoidablesometimes,doyourbesttomanageyourtimeeffectively.Reduceyourworkloadbystudyingmoreefficiently.Beforeyoustartstudyingalwaysreadyourtasksheettomakesureyou’refocusingontherighttopics.__16__Thissavesyoulookingitup.Finally,pickoutthemostimportantinformation,soyoucanstudyitfirst.__17__Makesureyouhaveeverythingyouneed,soyouwon’tneedtogetupeveryfewminutestogetsomething.Neatlyplaceyourtextbooks,pens,notebooksandotherstudymaterialsinyourstudyspace.Thiswayyoucaneasilygetwhatyouneedwithouttakinganunplannedbreak.\nPlanoutyourstudysessionsinadvance.Thinkaboutthetimeyou’llneedforeachtask,add10%extratimeforinsurance,andthenscheduleblocksforyourtasks.__18__Remembertoincludeshortbreakseveryhourorso.Breakupdifficulttasksintosmallersteps.Taskssuchas“StudyfortheHistoryFinal”or“WritetheTermPaper”canseemunapproachable.Insteadofgettingconfusedandupset,dividebigtasksintosmallones.Ifyou’restudyingforafinalofacourse,startbylookingoverpasttestsandquizzes.__19__Smallerstudytasksmayalsoincludecreatingoutlinesthatsummarizetextbookchapters.Doyourbesttospaceoutyourstudysessionsinsteadofcramming(突击准备)．Wheneverpossible,giveyourselftimetostudyalittlebitatatime.It’sbettertostudyforthreeseparatethreehoursessionsinsteadofonemarathonninehoursession.__20__A．Chooseaquietspotforstudying.B．Prepareyourareabeforeyoustartstudying.C．Scheduleyourtoughestandmostimportanttasksfirst.D．Studydifficultsubjectsfirsttogetthemoutoftheway.E．Thendividethecourseintoitsunits,andstudyoneunitatatime.F．Additionally,askyourinstructortoexplainanytopicthatconfusesyou.G．Multipleshortersessionswillhelpyouremembermoreinformationinthelongrun.语篇解读：虽然有时候持久的学习是不可避免的，但是我们还是要尽力对学习时间进行有效的管理。本文就此提供了五条实用的建议。16．选F F项中的“anytopic”与空前一句中的“therighttopics”呼应，选项中的“Additionally”和下文中的“Finally”呼应，且与下一句“Thissavesyoulookingitup.”相衔接，所以选F项。17．选B 本空是该段的中心句。根据空后一句中的“Makesureyouhaveeverythingyouneed”和对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是要在开始学习之前做好充分的准备，所以选B项。\n18．选C 根据本段的段首句“Planoutyourstudysessionsinadvance.”可知，本段提供的建议是要提前计划好学习的时间，与选项C的内容相吻合，所以选C项。19．选E 根据本段的段首句“Breakupdifficulttasksintosmallersteps.”可知，本段提供的建议是把难的任务进行分解，与选项E内容吻合，所以选E项。20．选G 本空是段尾句。根据本段的段首句中的“spaceoutyourstudysessionsinsteadofcramming(突击准备)”可知，本段提供的建议是把学习时间隔开而不是突击准备，再结合整段内容可知，空处进一步阐述了这样做的好处，G项与此相匹配。
