专题一第二节推理判断题A(2020·邯郸二模)Now，accordingtoarecentBrighamYoungUniversitystudy，theamountoftimebetweensunriseandsunsetistheclearwinneramongotherweathervariableswhenitcomestoimprovingyourmentalandemotionalhealth.Inthisuniquestudy—whichbroughttogetherapsychologist，physicistandstatistician—theresearchersexploredhowsomeone'smoodislinkedtoweatherandassociatedfactorssuchassunshine，cloudydays，temperature，rainandpollution.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplearemorelikelytoreportmentaltroubleduringshorterdayswithlesssunshine.Itisgenerallybelievedthathotdays，rainydaysordayswiththickpollutionwouldmakeonefeelmoredownanddepressed.Butthestudycameupwithasurprisingfinding.Itfoundthatmorethananyotherfactor，reducedsunhourscouldincreasementaldistress(痛苦)whilesoakingupinsunmakesthingsallright.Theresultshighlightedthattheduration(时长)ofthedaylightwasmoresignificantininfluencingpeople'smoodsthantheamountofsunraysbeingabsorbed.“Onarainyday，oramorepollutedday，peopleassumethatthey'dhavemoredistress.Butwedidn'tseethat.Welookedatsolarirradiance(太阳辐照度)，ortheamountofsunlightthatactuallyhitstheground.Wetriedtotakeintoaccountcloudydays，rainydays，pollution...buttheywashedout.Theonethingthatwasreallysignificantwastheamountoftimebetweensunriseandsunset，”saidprofessorBeckerinapressrelease.Manystudieshaveattemptedtoexplorethelinkbetweentheweatheranditseffectonone'smood，buttheresultswerenotconclusive.Forthisstudy，manyimportantreasonsweretakenintoaccount—makingtheresearchanimprovementtothepreviousones.Thestudyconcludedthatpublichealthshouldplanoneffectivestrategiesthatcanpreventemotionaldistressduringperiodswhenthesuntimeisless，suchasinwintermonths.[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文，最新研究表明，日出日落之间的时间长短比各种天气以及人们接收的日照量更能影响人们的情绪。1．Whatwillaffectyouremotionmostaccordingtothenewstudy?A．Thesurroundings.B．Theamountofsunshine.C．Theweatherconditions.D．Thedurationofsunlight.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thestudyfoundthatpeoplearemorelikelytoreportmentaltroubleduringshorterdayswithlesssunshine.”以及第四段内容可知，这个新研究发现：日照的时间长短是影响人们心情的主要因素。答案：D2．WhydoestheauthorthinkthatthenewfindinginParagraph3issurprising?A．Becauseitisaconclusionofthreescientists.B．Becauseitisdifferentfromthegeneralbelief.C．Becauseitistoodifficulttounderstand.D．Becauseitisaffectedbysomanyfactors.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段描述，普遍观念认为，炎热天气，阴雨天气，或污染天气使人情绪低沉，感到沮丧，而新发现令人惊奇，是因为它发现：相对于其他因素而言，日照时间越短越会令人精神苦闷。答案：B\n3．Whichseasonbenefitspeople'semotionmoreaccordingtothisstudy?A．Spring. B．Summer.C．Autumn.D．Winter.解析：推理判断题。这项研究表明：影响人们精神和情绪的主要是日照时间的长短。根据文中最后一句“...thatcanpreventemotionaldistressduringperiodswhenthesuntimeisless，suchasinwintermonths.”也可判断出，夏季对人们的精神和情绪最有好处了。答案：B4．Whatisthepurposeofthisnewstudy?A．Tofindwaystopreventdepression.B．Toknowmoreabouttheweather.C．Toprovidestrategiesforpublichealth.D．Tofindhowtheweatheraffectsmood.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，许多研究都想探索天气与情绪之间的关系，这个新研究考虑了许多重要因素，使得它在以往的基础上有所改进。所以，这个新研究的目的仍然是探索天气对情绪的影响。答案：DB(2020·衡水四调)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun，accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders，somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives，andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings，“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13yearoldsand9percentof17yearoldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren，ages2－8，remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined，fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading，thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofereadersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading，mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently，comparedtoinfrequentreaders，havemorebooksinthehome，morebookspurchasedforthem，parentswhoreadmoreoften，andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches，andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead，parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。据周一公布的CommonSenseMedia的一份报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。5．WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A．Children'sreadinghabits.B．Qualityofchildren'sbooks.C．Children'safterclassactivities.D．Parentchildrelationships.解析：推理判断题。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们的阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。\n答案：A6．Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”？A．InParagraph2. B．InParagraph3.C．InParagraph4.D．InParagraph5.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“theproportionwhosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13yearoldsand9percentof17yearoldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday”可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。答案：B7．Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A．Ebooksareofpoorquality.B．Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C．Itmayharmchildren'shealth.D．Ereadersareexpensive.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“manyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading，mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime”可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心孩子们看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。答案：C8．Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A．Actasrolemodelsforthem.B．Askthemtowritebookreports.C．Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D．Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.”可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们做重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也就是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读。答案：A
