课时提能练(二十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThePeonyCultureFestivalofLuoyangChinaSpringisthetimeforpeopletogooutandseeblossomingflowers.LuoyanginHenan,Chinaisfamousforpeonies,thecity'sofficialflower.Thecity'sannualPeonyCultureFestivalbeginsinearlyAprilandlaststillearlyMay.Peoniesareinfullbloomduringtheevent,whichwasfirstheldin1983.YoucangototheLuoyangNationalPeonyGarden.Thepeoniesthereareknownfortheirrichcolorsandlongflorescence.Don'tmissthe1,600yearold“PeonyKing”！UNChineseLanguageDayChineseisoneofthesixofficialworkinglanguagesoftheUnitedNations.TheUNhassetdifferentdaysfortheselanguagestopromotetheiruses.Itholdsexhibitions,showsandotheractivities.In2010,thefirstUNChineseLanguageDaywasheldonNov.12.Butsince2011,ithasbeenheldonApril20.ThedateisclosetoGrainRain,oneofthe24solarterms.Itmeans“rainofmillet”．PeoplecelebrateGrainRaintorememberCangjie.ManypeoplebelievethatCangjiewasthefirstpersontowriteChinesecharacters.Whenhedidthis,itrainedmilletandsavedpeoplefromhunger.ChinaSpaceDayOnApril24,1970,China'sfirstmanmadeEarthsatellite—DongfanghongⅠ—wentintospace.ItwasabigstepforChina'sspaceprogram.In2016,thegovernmentsetApril24asChinaSpaceDay.Manyeventsareheldacrossthecountrytocelebratethisspecialday.Forexample,astronautsandscientistswillgivetalkstostudents.Somecitieswillholdexhibitionsaboutspacedevelopment.In2018,Chinahadbigplansforitsspaceprogram.OnDecember8,itlauncheditssecondlunarrover(月球车)aspartoftheChang'e4spacemission,whichlandedonthefarsideofthemoon.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国洛阳牡丹文化节、联合国中文日和中国航天日。1．WhenwasthefirstUNChineseLanguageDayheldbytheUnitedNations?A．In1970. B．In1983.C．In2010.D．In2011.C [细节理解题。根据UNChineseLanguageDay部分中的“In2010，thefirstUN\nChineseLanguageDaywasheldonNov.12.”可知，第一个联合国中文日是在2010年举行的。]2．WhatdoestheintroductiontoChinaSpaceDayshow?A．ChinasentthefirstmanmadeEarthsatellite.B．Chinahasprogressedgreatlyinastronautics.C．Chang'e4consistsoftwolunarrovers.D．Chang'e4isanotherspacestationbuiltbyChina.B [推理判断题。根据对ChinaSpaceDay部分的整体理解，尤其是“ItwasabigstepforChina'sspaceprogram.”“In2018，Chinahadbigplansforitsspaceprogram.”可知，本部分对中国航天日的介绍展示了中国在太空航空学方面取得了非常大的进展。]3．Whatdothefestivalshaveincommon?A．TheyalltakeplaceinAprilatpresent.B．Theyarecelebratednationwide.C．AlltheparticipantsareChinesepeople.D．Theirdateswereoncechangedforsomereason.A [细节理解题。根据ThePeonyCultureFestivalofLuoyangChina部分中的“Thecity'sannualPeonyCultureFestivalbeginsinearlyAprilandlaststillearlyMay.”，UNChineseLanguageDay部分中的“Butsince2011，ithasbeenheldonApril20.”，ChinaSpaceDay部分中的“In2016，thegovernmentsetApril24asChinaSpaceDay.”可知，这三个节日的共同点是它们现在都在4月份举行。]B(2020·济南市模拟)Likeclockwork,nearlyeveryfourthFebruaryincludesoneextraday.February29th,otherwiseknownasLeapDay,isn'texactlyaholiday.Instead,it'stheretokeepyourcalendarconsistentwiththeearth'srotation(旋转)aroundthesun.AccordingtoHistory.com,RomanemperorJuliusCaesaristhe“father”ofLeapYear.Untilhecamealong,peoplehaduseda355daycalendar,whichwas10.25daysshorterthanthesolaryear.Romanofficialsweresupposedtoaddanextramontheverynowandthentokeeptheseasonsexactlywheretheyshouldbe.Butthatdidn'tworkoutallthatwell.Whenspecialoccasionsstartedshiftingintodifferentseasonsaround45BCE，Caesarconsultedwithastronomersanddecreed(下令)thattheempireshouldusea12month,365daycalendar,whichhenamedafterhimself.Caesar'sJuliancalendarincludedaLeapDayeveryfouryears.ThoughLeapDaykeepsyourcalendarinlinewiththeearth'srotationaroundthe\nsun,itcausesadifferentkindofproblemforleapsters.WhenshouldtheseFebruary29thbabiescelebratetheirbirthdaysduringtheotherthreequartersoftheirlives？SomepartyonFebruary28th,whileotherspreferatwodaycelebrationthatspansthelastdayofFebruaryandthefirstdayofMarch.LeapDaycanbeanuisanceinthelegalsystem.In2006,acourtinMassachusettswasdecidingwhethercriminalJohnMelocouldbereleasedadayearlysincehis10yearsentenceincludedaLeapDay.Inthecase,thejudgedecidedthatsincethemanwassentencedtoprisonforyears,notdays,LeapDaydidn'tmakeabitofdifference.Thoughafewtimekeepershavepushedforcalendarsthatdon'tincludeLeapDay,almostallastronomersandsocietiesagreethatLeapDayisthebestmethodtokeepthecalendarontrack.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙性说明文，介绍了闰日的来历以及所带来的一些生活中的趣事。4．WhywasLeapDaycreated?A．Tocelebratespecialoccasions.B．TohonorEmperorJuliusCaesar.C．Tokeeppacewiththesolaryear.D．Tokeeptrackofalltheseasons.C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Instead，it'stheretokeepyourcalendarconsistentwiththeearth'srotation(旋转)aroundthesun.”，第二段中“Romanofficialsweresupposedtoaddanextramontheverynowandthentokeeptheseasonsexactlywheretheyshouldbe.”以及第三段中“ThoughLeapDaykeepsyourcalendarinlinewiththeearth'srotationaroundthesun.”可知，闰日的产生是为了与太阳历保持一致。]5．WhatistheproblemwiththebirthdaycelebrationofFebruary29thbabies?A．Itissometimesdelayed.B．Itlastsatleasttwodays.C．Ithastobeheldeveryotheryear.D．Itmaytakeplaceondifferentdates.D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhenshouldtheseFebruary29thbabiescelebratetheirbirthdaysduringtheotherthreequartersoftheirlives...thefirstdayofMarch.”可知，在2月29日出生的人，有的是在2月28日庆祝生日，也有一些人会在二月的最后一天和三月的第一天进行一个为期两天的庆祝生日的活动。由此可知，在这一天出生的人可能会在不同的日期庆祝生日。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nuisance”inParagraph4mean?\nA．Joke. B．Topic.C．Trouble.D．Mistake.C [词义猜测题。根据下文所列举的例子可知，在法律体系中闰日的出现可能会带来一些麻烦。]7．WhatistheattitudeofmostastronomerstowardsLeapDay?A．Critical.B．Supportive.C．Doubtful.D．Cautious.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“almostallastronomersandsocietiesagreethatleapDayisthebestmethodtokeepthecalendarontrack”可知，大多数天文学家是支持闰日的。]CWorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedannuallyonJune5thandwascreatedtoinspirepeoplearoundtheglobetotakeanactivepartinenvironmentalprotectionandlearnmoreaboutwayswecanhelptoguaranteethefutureofourplanetissafe.TheveryfirstWorldEnvironmentDaytookplacein1974，establishedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyonthefirstdayoftheStockholmConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentthattookplacein1972.EachyeartheUnitedNationspickathemeandahostcitywhereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers，followedbydifferentkindsofexhibitstopromoteenvironmentalawareness.Environmentalists，academicsandscientistscometogethertobringnewideasonthetableconcerningtheenvironment.The2018WorldEnvironmentDaywashostedbyIndia,andthethemewasBeatPlasticPollution.Iturgedpeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbagstoreducetheproductionanduseofdisposableplastic,whichmadeup10%ofallofthewaste.EventhoughtheUnitedNationspickaspecifichostcityeveryyear，peoplearoundtheworldstillcelebrateWorldEnvironmentDayintheirhometownswithparades(游行)，concerts,cleaningupandtreeplantingandallkindsofgreenactionstoworktowardshavingabeautifulplanetandbattlingpollution.WorldEnvironmentDayisnotapublicholiday，soyouwon'tbegettingthedayoffworkorschool,butifyouwanttocelebrate,whynotbringittotheattentionofyourparents，friends,colleaguesorclassmates?WorldEnvironmentDayisallaboutworkingtogethertotakeactionfortheplanet,sotrytogeteveryoneyouknowinterestedinhelpingdosomething.Thingsassmallasmakingsurepeoplehaveawaytorecyclecanmakeadifference.Youcouldalsotrybeautifyingyourneighborhood\nbyplantinggardens,learnaboutgreenfoods,raisemoneyforalocalwildlifeconservationgrouporsimplylearnabouttheeffectsofdifferentproductsontheearth.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。8．WhyisWorldEnvironmentDaysetup?A．Tomakepeopleknowmoreaboutnature.B．Toaskpeopletohelptoprotecttheglobe.C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofairpollution.D．Toencouragepeopletoplantheearth'sfuture.B [细节理解题。从第一段中的“toinspirepeoplearoundtheglobetotakeanactivepartinenvironmentalprotectionandlearnmoreaboutwayswecanhelptoguaranteethefutureofourplanetissafe”可以看出，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并学会很多方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。]9．WhatdopeopledoonWorldEnvironmentDay?A．Decideahostcity.B．Holdathemeparty.C．Discussenvironmentalideas.D．Showsomeplasticproducts.C [细节理解题。从第二段中的“whereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers”以及“Environmentalists，academicsandscientistscometogethertobringnewideasonthetableconcerningtheenvironment.”可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。]10．Whichofthefollowingwordsistheclosestinmeaningto“disposable”inParagraph3?A．Highcost. B．Poorquality.C．Secondhand.D．Singleuse.D [词义猜测题。从第三段中的“BeatPlasticPollution”可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“Iturgespeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbags”和后面的“whichmakesup10%ofallofthewaste”可知，“disposableplastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。]11．What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Everybitofeffortcounts.\nB．Doingisbetterthansaying.C．Manyhandsmakelightwork.D．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.A [段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它呢？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doingisbetterthansaying“行胜于言”；Manyhandsmakelightwork“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart“有志者事竟成”。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·重庆市学业质量调研抽测)IntheearlydecadesofthePeople'sRepublicofChinafoundedin1949,duetothepoortransportationandcommunicationsystem,itwashardforpeoplelivingandworkingfarawayfromtheirhometowntovisittheirfamiliesorstayintouchregularly.Sotoenablepeopletogettogetherwiththeirnearanddearonesatleastonceayear，1.Itwasdecidedthateveryyear,amarriedcouplecouldhavefamilyleavefor30daystoseeeachother2；iftheylivedtogether,theycouldhave20daystovisittheirparentseveryfouryears.3.Aregulationwasissuedin1958andthesystemwasimprovedthroughmoreregulationsintheearly1980s.However,nowadays,thankstotherapiddevelopmentoftransportandcommunicationsmeans,it'smucheasierforpeopletoeithercontacttheirdearonesfrequentlyorvisitthem，4.Besides,asthefamilyleaveschemecoversonlythosewhoworkingovernmentdepartmentsandstateownedenterprises,itisincreasinglybeingregardedasanoutdatedpracticeandaprivilegeenjoyedbyasmallgroupofpeople.5.Whilethisisbackedbythosewhodon'thavefamilyleave,itisstronglyopposedbythosewhodo.Also,somesaythattheissueisnotwhetherfamilyleaveshouldbecanceled,butiswhetherChina'scurrentholidayandleavesystemshouldbereformedinitsentirety.A．theychoosetolivetogetherB．iftheylivedindifferentplacesC．thefamilyleavewasintroducedD．nomatterhowfarawaytheyareE．Singlepeoplecouldenjoy20days'leaveannuallytovisittheirparentsF．Thereisasuggestionthatthesystemshouldbecanceledtokeepupwiththe\ntimesG．Foremployeeswithchildren,regularuseoffamilyleavewastoincreaselifesatisfaction【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了探亲假的由来、规定和现在关于探亲假的争议。1．C [由空前的“toenablepeopletogettogetherwiththeirnearanddearonesatleastonceayear”可知，空处应是表述为达到此目的而采用的方法，故C选项“探亲假被引入了”符合语境，且承上启下。]2．B [根据空后的分号可知，空处所在句整个句子表述的是一个问题的两个方面。由空后的“iftheylivedtogether”可推知，第一个分句讲述的是关于已婚夫妻分居的情况的规定，所以选B项。]3．E [本段主要介绍了探亲假的规定，前一句讲的是针对已婚夫妇的探亲假规定，空处应承接上文，讲述针对未婚人士的探亲假规定，所以选E项。]4．D [根据语境可知，此处表示由于交通和通讯方式的快速发展，无论人们相隔多远，人们都能容易地与珍视的人联系或拜访他们。故选D项。]5．F [根据该段的内容尤其是其中的“whetherfamilyleaveshouldbecanceled”可推知，该段表述的是关于探亲假的争议，故F项符合语境。]
