课时提能练(十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(山东省临沂市2020届高三一模考试)Wespendathirdofouradultlifeworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically,workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300,000yearhumanevolution(进化),workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsomewhereelse,likeculture,art,orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful—isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeworkerswhoreturnedfromatypicalworkdayatfactoriescomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidn'tearnmuchortheywerewornoutbutraretoseetheycomplaintheydidn'texperienceasenseofpurpose.Similarly,theideathatweoughttobringour“wholeself”toworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinventedtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentities,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemother，husband,American，captainofthelocalsoccerteam,etc.Others,however,haveaveryclosepsychologicalconnectionwiththeirworkroles,seeingthemasanessentialthingintertwined(紧密相连的)withwhotheyare.Theydon'tjustcometowork.Theyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritualtypeofconnectionwiththeirjobs.Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics(工作狂)mostcompanieslongfor.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。1．Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlifeworkingduringtheprocessofevolution?A．Toprepareforfuturecareers.B．Tofindthewatersources.C．Tohelpusevolve.D．Tomakeussurvive.\nD [细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.”可知，人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存，故选D项。]2．Whydidthewritermentiontheworkersacenturyago?A．Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork.B．Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C．Toshowusthebadolddays.D．Tocomplainabouttheexperiences.B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful—isarathermodern，orratherpostmodern，invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。]3．WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A．Employeeshavedifferentunderstandingoftheirworkroles.B．Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C．Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D．Workers'coreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.A [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度是因人而异的，故选A项。]4．Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavor?A．Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B．Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkroles.C．Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D．Thosewhopossessexperience.C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Theyare，itseems，almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics(工作狂)mostcompanieslongfor.”可知，大多数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项。]B(河北省唐山市2019－2020学年度高三年级摸底考试)Wehaveheardsomeinterestingnewsabouthow5Gwirelesstechnologymightchangeourlivesinthefuture.5G—shortforthe5thGenerationCellularNetworkTechnology，promisestheInternetspeeds50to100timesfasterthancurrent4Gsystems.While5GissettobeusedinsomelimitedareasofAmericathisyear,muchoftheworldisnotexpected\ntoreceivewidelyavailableserviceuntil2023.OneprojectinBritain,however，isalreadytestingthissuperfasttechnologyonanunlikelygroupoftheInternetusers—cows.TheprojectwasdevelopedbyCiscoSystems,anAmericantechnologycompany.ItalsoreceivesmoneyfromtheBritishgovernment.Ciscosaystheprogramseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.TestingareasweresetuponfarmsinthreeruralareasinEngland.Thecowsareequippedwith5Gconnecteddevicesthatlinkuptoaroboticmilkingsystem,whichusessensorsandmachinelearningtofullyautomatetheprocess.Systemdesignerssaytechnologytakesoverafteracowfeelsreadytobemilkedandwalkstowardanautomaticgate.Thedeviceisdesignedtorecognizeeachindividualcow.Itthenpositionsequipmenttotherightbodypositionformilking.Duringtheprocess,machinesreleasefoodforthecowasareward.Other5Gtechnologytoolsincludeautomatedbrushesthatstartwhenthecowrubsagainstthem.Sensorsalsocontroltheamountoflightinthecows'livingareasdependingontheweather.Andanautomaticfeedingsystemmakessuretheanimalsalwaysgetenoughfoodtoeat.DuncanForbes,headoftheproject,toldReutersthattheprojectshowsthefarm'scowoperationcanbegreatlyimprovedwith5Gtechnologyandthattheexperimentprovidesstrongevidencethat5Gtechnologycanbewidelyusedinthefuture,notjustonfarmsinBritain,butinruralcommunitiesacrosstheworld.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G技术的特点及其在英国部分农场中的测试使用。5．WhatisthepurposeofCiscoSystems'program?A．TowinfinancialsupportfromBritishgovernment.B．Totesttheeffectsof5Gtechnologyonanimals.C．TopromoteitstechnologicaldevelopmentinBritain.D．Toexpandthefutureuseof5Ginruralcommunities.D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Ciscosaystheprogramseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.”可知，该项目设法探索全世界农村地区5G连接的未来。故选D项。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A．Theproject. B．Thecompany.C．Thetechnology.D．Thegroup.\nA [词义猜测题。根据上文“OneprojectinBritain...TheprojectwasdevelopedbyCiscoSystems，anAmericantechnologycompany.”及画线词所在句可知，这个项目由一家美国科技公司研发，在英国进行实验，所以英国政府投资的应该是这个项目，而不是这家公司。故选A项。]7．Whatcanwelearnabout5Gaccordingtothetext?A．Itisnobetterthan4Gintermsofspeed.B．Itisalreadywidelyavailableintheworld.C．Itenablescowstocontroltheirownmilking.D．Itisbasedonsensorsandmachinelearning.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Systemdesignerssaytechnologytakesoverafteracowfeelsreadytobemilkedandwalkstowardanautomaticgate.Thedeviceisdesignedtorecognizeeachindividualcow.Itthenpositionsequipmenttotherightbodypositionformilking.”可知，5G技术使奶牛可以自己控制挤奶。故选C项。]8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment.B．Lifestyle.C．Education.D．Technology.D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了5G技术的特点及其在英国部分农场中的测试使用。由此可知，本文应出自报纸的科技版块。]Ⅱ.完形填空Iwokeupwithoutmuchenthusiasm,rolledoutofbedandsattherenotwantingtobelieveIhadtogotoworkagain.Thismustjustbeabaddreamthatneverseemedto1.Ipickedmyselfupintoastandingposition，2slowlybacktowardmycomfortableandwarmbedandhadtousetheverylastounceofstrengthnottoheadbackintoitshug.Whata3itwastogetdressedandheadoutofthedoor!OffIwentto4arrivingjustintime.Then，5，mybosssaidtherewasa(n)6jobtodorightnow.I7thatanybodycoulddothisjobandthatsomebodyelsewouldhavetodoitifIwaitedlongenough.But,nobodyelse8uptothejobandthisleftmewithasinkingfeeling.That'sthesameproblemwithyour9.Manypeopleuseuptheirlifetimetryingto10somebodyelsetodoallthehardworktoimprovetheirownlife.Thereisactuallyalotofdiscomfortwithtakingchargeofyourveryownlifewhileitismuch11toletothersdoit.Therealproblem，however,isthatittakesalotof12tofindsomebodywhowilldoanythingforyou.Yourlifewon'tchange13youarewillingtograbholdofyourlifeandacceptthatnobody\nelsewillevercreatethelifeyouwant.So，stop14anybodytodosomethingforyou.15，getyourownbodygoingandgetitdonenow.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是一个不喜欢工作的人，总是期待有人会替自己把工作做好；后来，作者悟出一个道理：属于自己的工作，不应该期待别人替你做，唯有你自己才能创造自己的幸福。1．A.begin B．end C．make D．shareB [语境推断。根据上文对作者醒来时心情和动作的描述，以及空前的“abaddream”并结合选项可推知，此处指这种爬起来上班的情形就像是一个永无止境的噩梦。end意为“结束；到头”，符合语境。]2．A.glaredB．talkedC．glancedD．walkedC [语境及常识推断。根据空后的“backtowardmycomfortableandwarmbed”和常识可知，此处表示，作者站起身来，慢慢地回头看了一眼自己舒适而温暖的床。glance意为“看一眼；瞥一眼”，符合语境。]3．A.struggleB．surpriseC．shockD．messA [语境推断。根据上文的描述可知，起床出去上班对作者来说是一件痛苦的事情，故此处应指穿上衣服走出门是一件多么困难的事啊！struggle意为“难事”，符合语境。]4．A.schoolB．workC．bedD．hospitalB [复现推断。根据上文中的“Ihadtogotoworkagain”可知，此处指作者去上班。故work符合语境。]5．A.asaresultB．ineithercaseC．whatwasworseD．intheendC [语境及逻辑推断。根据上文可知，作者刚好及时到达工作地点；结合空后一句可知，老板告诉他有一份必须立即就做的紧急工作。由此可知，设空处与上文应为递进关系，结合选项可知，whatwasworse符合语境，意为“更糟糕的是”。]6．A.goodB．firstC．specialD．urgentD [语境推断。根据空后的“todorightnow”可知，此处指老板说有一份紧急工作，必须立刻去做。urgent意为“紧急的”，符合语境。]7．A.knewB．explainedC．regrettedD．promised\nA [语境推断。根据空后的“somebodyelsewouldhavetodoitifIwaitedlongenough”可知，作者认为如果自己等得足够久，总会有其他人来做这份工作。故此处应指作者知道任何人都可以做这份工作。know意为“知道；了解”，符合语境。]8．A.livedB．stayedC．lookedD．steppedD [语境推断。根据空后的“thisleftmewithasinkingfeeling”可知，此处应指情况与作者想象的不同，根本没有人走出来做这份工作。stepup意为“走上前去”，故stepped符合语境。]9．A.lifeB．jobC．goalD．beliefA [复现推断。根据下文中的“toimprovetheirownlife”和“yourveryownlife”可知，此处应指生活亦是如此，故life符合语境。]10．A.refuseB．trustC．searchD．findD [语境推断。根据上文描述的作者等待其他人来做这份工作时的心理可推知，此处应指很多人用一生的时间去寻找其他人来做所有辛苦的工作，以改善他们自己的生活。故find符合语境。]11．A.harderB．longerC．earlierD．easierD [语境及逻辑推断。根据空前的“alotofdiscomfort”和“while”的转折含义可知，此处指让别人为自己做这些事会简单很多，故easier符合语境。]12．A.effortsB．spiritsC．advantagesD．actionsA [语境及常识推断。根据选项及常识可知，此处指然而，真正的问题是，要想找到会为你做一切事情的人，要付出很多努力。effort意为“努力”，符合语境。]13．A.ifB．unlessC．becauseD．whileB [逻辑及常识推断。根据上下文内容并结合常识可知，此处应指除非你愿意掌控自己的生活，否则你的生活不会改变。unless意为“除非”，符合语境。]14．A.staringatB．lookingforC．attendingtoD．caringaboutB [语境及复现推断。根据上文中的“tofindsomebodywhowilldoanythingforyou”可知，此处应指，别再找别人为你做什么。lookfor意为“寻找”，为find的同义词复现，符合语境。]\n15．A.HoweverB．ThereforeC．InsteadD．OtherwiseC [语境推断。根据设空处前一句中的stop和选项可推知，此处表示，相反，让自己的身体动起来，去做你该做的事。instead意为“相反”，符合语境。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020年山东省六地市部分学校高三年级联考)FionaKolbinger，a24yearoldGermancyclistwithlittleexperiencein1.________(compete)cycling,tooktheworldbysurprisewhenshebecamethefirstfemaletowintheTranscontinentalRaceonAugust6,2019.Shecompleted2.________totalof2,485milesfromBulgariatoFrancein10days,2hours,and48minutes.Thisyear'sracestartedonJuly27th,2019.Intherace,thecompetitorshadtodecidefor3.________(they)where,when,andhowmuchtheyateandslept.Theyalsohadtorideintemperatures4.________rangedfrom4℃to37℃andendurefreezingrain，thunderstorms,andheatwaves.TheTranscontinentalRace5.________(found)in2013bytheBritishcyclistMikeHall.Therace，6.________(think)tobeoneofthehardestofitskind,challengesnotonlyracers'cyclingskillsandendurance(耐力),butalsotheirrouteplanningandtimemanagementskills.Also,different7.________othercyclingcompetitionswheretheroutesare8.________(careful)laidout,theTranscontinentalRacerequirescompetitorstoplantheirowncourse.Theonly9.________(require)istocheckinatfourstops,locatedatvariouspointsalongtheway.10.________(make)sureallcompetitorsundergosomeofthesamechallenges,eachcheckpointisfollowedbydemandingterrain(地形)．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。2019年theTranscontinentalRace落下帷幕。德国女选手FionaKolbinger以10天2小时48分的成绩夺冠，成为这个比赛的第一位女性冠军。1．competitive [考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语。]2．a [考查冠词。此处表示总路程，应该用atotalof“共计……”，故填a。]3．themselves [考查代词。主语是thecompetitors，此处表示选手必须自己做决定，因此应该用they的反身代词形式themselves。]4．that/which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词temperatures后跟一个限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，表示物，故用that/which。]5．wasfounded [考查动词的时态和语态。TranscontinentalRace和found之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语in2013可知，此处应用一般过去时。]6．thought [考查非谓语动词。过去分词在此表被动，作定语，修饰Therace。]7．from\n [考查介词。根据句意，这个自行车赛的选手要自己规划行车路线，这与其他严格规定路线的自行车赛不一样。故填介词from。]8．carefully [考查词性转换。此处修饰动词，应用副词形式。]9．requirement [考查名词。根据前面的Theonly和后面的is可知，空处要填名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“要求”，故用requirement。]10．Tomake [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为保证所有的选手都经历一些同样的挑战”，故用不定式作目的状语。]Ⅳ.应用文写作(湖北省2020年高三4月调研)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Richard来信询问你大学想选择学什么专业，请给他回信，内容包括：1．你想学的专业；2．你想学这个专业的原因；3．你为实现自己的目标做了哪些努力。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearRichard，___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【参考范文】DearRichard，Acoupleofdaysago，Igladlyreceivedyourletter，inwhichyouaskedmewhichmajorIwouldliketoselect.Actually,Ihavebeenconsideringthisissuerecently.IwilldecideonEnglishasmymajor.Asyouknow,I'malwaysinterestedinforeignlanguages.What'smore,IconstantlydreamaboutbecominganEnglishteacher.OnlyinthiswaycouldIteachmyfuturestudentshowtomasterthislanguage.Hopefully,Icouldprovidethemwithausefulwindowontheworld.Torealizemydream,IlearnEnglishprettyhard,becauseIthinkonlyifImyselfhaveagoodcommandofEnglishwillIbeanoutstandingteacher.Ibelieveeveryeffortwillpayoff.Wishmeluck.Yours，LiHuaⅤ.概要写作\n阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Somepeopledoubttheaccuracyandreliabilityofthefacialrecognitiontechnology.Theyneednot,becausethetechnologyishighlyadvanced.Itcandistinguishahumanfacewithorwithoutglasses.Testsshowithasaprecisionrateofmorethan99percent.Somearguethatthefingerprintoriris(虹膜)recognitionsystemisperhapsmoreaccuratethanthefacialrecognitionsystem.True,butforirisrecognition,apersonhastoholdhisorherheadstillandlookatthecamera,whichistimeconsumingandthusnotsuitableforpublicspacessuchassubwaystations.Andthefingerprintrecognitionsystemisnotsosecure,assomepeoplecancheatthesystembycopyingandusingthefingerprintsofotherpeopletoenterorexitastation.Facialrecognitionisarathermaturesystem.Afacialrecognitionsystemcollectspeople'sfacialimagesfromdifferentangles,insteadofone,andthereforeminimizesthechanceofcheating.Actually,itisalreadybeingappliedtomanyfieldssuchasunlockingsmartphonesandcomputers.Besides,facialrecognitiontechnologycanalsohelpthepolicetohuntescapedcriminalsinpublicspaces.However,thelawsaysacitizen'sphotoshouldnotbecollectedforcommercialusewithouthisorherpermission.Toavoidsuchlegalrisks，somemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethecollectionofpassengerinformation.First,companiesmustinsurethecollectedfacialimagesareonlyforpublicconvenience,andwillneverbeusedforothercommercialpurposes,suchasadvertisements.Second,companiesmusttakenecessarymeasurestomakesurenotevenasingleoneisleakedorsoldtoanythirdpartywithoutthepassenger'spermission.Generally,advancedtechnologiesarewelcometobeusedinpublicspaces,butpeople'srightsmustberespected，atleasttoavoidlegalrisks.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Facialrecognitiontechnologyishighlyreliableandaccurate.(要点1)Comparedwiththefingerprintoririsrecognitionsystem,itiswellsuitedforpublicspacesandismoresecure.(要点2)Themultiangledimageslessenthepossibilityof\ncheating,andthesystemiswidelyemployedinmanyareaslikesmartphonesandcomputers.(要点3)However,toprotectprivacyandrespecthumanrights,facialimagesmustbecollectedwithpermissionandwellprotected.(要点4)
