课时提能练(十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·合肥市教学质量检测)Peopleoftentalkaboutculturaldifferencesbetweenwesternandeasterncountries，buthowaboutthewesternworlditself？Surprisingly，acloserlookatitcanrevealagoodmanycuriousdetails.ThemostobviouscharacteristicofthemajorityofAmericansisthattheysmilealot.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhaveastrongreasontosmile;theydoit，sometimessimplybecausetheyhaveto.Asmileisnotjustapowerfulmarketingtoolbutalsoawaytoshowthatsomeoneisfriendly，andthatlifeingeneralisfine.Europeans，onthecontrary，prefertokeepamoreneutral(不带感情色彩的)facialexpression.Theysmilemostlywhentheyareinagoodmood，orfeelamused;ifnot，aEuropean'sfacewillremainneutral，orevendull.InRussia，forexample，thereisaproverbsayingthatlaughingfornoreasonisasignofafool.ItdoesnotmeanthatEuropeansareserious，orthattheydonothaveasenseofhumor.Thesamereferstocommunicationingeneral.Americansareextremelycommunicative;smalltalksandchatsarecommon.Europeanstalkmostlywhenthereissomethingtosay，andrarelyentercommunicationjustforthepurposeoftalkingtootherpeople.Americanpeopleprefertoexpresswhattheythinkcarefully，consideringhowitmightaffectsurroundingpeople.Europeansaremorestraightforward，evenwithunfamiliarpeople.AEuropeanfriendwillalmostalwaysvoicehisopinionondifferentoccasions，andwillnothesitatetoremindyouthatyouneedtolosesomeweightortakeashower.ItcanbesaidthatAmericansarepeopleofcontrasts.Theyareopenminded，flexible，andreadytoaccepteverythingnewenthusiastically;butatthesametime，Americansocietymanagestobringupunbelievableconservatives.Americansareextremelypoliticallycorrect，which，inmostcases，isindeedasecureandbeneficialpractice，butitcanalsomessupdailyorevenprivatecommunication，sometimespreventinghavingcloserelationships.Europeans，onthecontrary，aremorestraightforward，preferringtotellthetruthindirectways.Eachwayofcommunicationisdifferent—neitheriscorrectorincorrect.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了西方国家的文化差异。1．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsmiling?A．Itisculturerelatedwithinwesterncountries.\nB．Itisapowerfulmarketingtoolacrosscultures.C．ItisthoughtofasasignofafoolinAmerica.D．ItisregardedasasocialnecessityinEurope.A [推理判断题。作者在第二段中讲到了美国人、欧洲人对微笑的不同解读，据此可以推知，在西方国家笑是与文化有关的，故A项正确。]2．WhatistypicalofEuropeans'communication?A．Beatingaroundthebush.B．Havingsmalltalksandchats.C．Hidingtheirfeelingscarefully.D．Expressingthemselvesopenly.D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Europeansaremorestraightforward...takeashower”可知，欧洲人通常坦诚地表达自己，故选D。A项意为“绕圈子，拐弯抹角地讲话”。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Beingstraightforward.B．Beingpoliticallycorrect.C．Acceptingeverythingnew.D．Raisingunbelievableconservatives.B [代词指代题。画线词前的“Americansareextremelypoliticallycorrect，which，inmostcases，isindeedasecureandbeneficialpractice”与后面的“messupdailyorevenprivatecommunication”存在转折关系，又结合语境可推知，it指代的应该是美国人的这种政治正确性，故选B。]4．Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byclassifyingbodylanguage.D．Bydiscussingresearchfindings.B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过分析美国人和欧洲人对微笑的不同解读以及通常在交际中的不同表现来展开文章，因此可推知，作者是通过作比较展开文章的，故选B。]B(2020·惠州市调研考试)Being“young”isassociatedwithallthegoodthingsinlife—beauty，hope，andenergy.Butyouthalsohasnegativeassociations—impulsiveness，troublemaking，andirresponsibility.Thisnegativesideseemstobe\nwhatsocietyfocusesonmore，whichiswhyyoungpeoplehavemostlybeenconsideredasidleanddifficult.ButwhenitcomestoGenerationZ—thosebornbetween1995and2010—thisstereotypedoesn'tseemtoapplyanymore.InJapan，forexample，GenZersarelesslikelytobuyonimpulse，buttakeintoconsiderationmoreaproduct'struevalue.“They'relookingatthecompanies，notjusttheproducts，”MasahikoUotani，CEOofJapanesecosmeticscompanyShiseido，toldBloomberg.“They'reasking，‘Aretheyreallydeliveringvaluetothesociety?Aretheypromotingdiversityandinclusiveness？’”GenZersarealsomoregroundedthanwe'veexpectedthemtobe.AccordingtoarecentsurveybyBankofAmerica，morethanhalfofyoungadultsagedbetween18and23saidtheywereplanningtobuyahousewithinfiveyears.Andthey'renotjustsayingit—theyarewillingtomakesacrificesforit，includinggettingasecondjobandsavingmoneyforadownpaymentinsteadofspendingitonavacation.“Despitetheiryoungage，thisgroupispragmaticandactivelyplanningfortheirfuture，”D．SteveBoland，headofConsumerLendingatBankofAmerica，toldUSAToday.“Theyhaveaclearvisionofhowtheyarewillingtohelpthemselvesinordertomakeithappen.”SocialissuesarealsoatthecenterofconcernofGenZers，whotakethemselvesasachangingforceoftheworld.InIndia，forexample，youngpeoplewhohavejustreachedthevotingageareeagertovoteforanewleaderwhoiscapableofsolvingproblemsthatmatterthemosttothem，includingpollution，unemploymentandwomen'ssafety.AsaGenZeryourself，whatisyourplanforthefuture?【语篇解读】 Z一代是指在1995年和2010年之间出生的人，这一代人在消费方面比较理智。他们比我们想象中更理性、务实，他们对未来有清晰的设想，这颠覆了人们对年轻人的传统看法。5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisstereotype”inParagraph2referto?A．Beingyoungisgood.B．GenZersarebornafter1995.C．Thetraditionalpoorimpressionsontheyouth.D．Theassociationswithyoungpeople.C\n [词义猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，社会更关注与年轻人相关的负面情况，通常，年轻人被认为是懒散的和难相处的。结合画线部分所在句可知，此处表述这种刻板印象不再适用于Z一代。故画线部分指的是上文提到的人们对年轻人的传统的、糟糕的印象，故选C。]6．Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthat________.A．GenZersinJapanarepickyB．GenZersareselfcenteredC．GenZerscarelittleaboutproductsD．GenZersarewisewhenshoppingD [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“GenZersarelesslikelytobuyonimpulse...They'relookingatthecompanies，notjusttheproducts”可知，Z一代不太可能冲动购物，他们会更多地考虑产品的真正价值，由此可推知，Z一代在购物时是明智的，故正确答案为D。A项意为“日本的Z一代很挑剔”，第三段是讲述日本的Z一代在消费中很理性，并无信息表明他们挑剔。]7．What'sD．SteveBoland'sattitudetotheGenZers?A．Approving. B．Negative.C．Indifferent.D．Critical.A [推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词D.SteveBoland定位到文章第五段，根据该段内容可知，D.SteveBoland认为尽管Z一代很年轻，但这代人务实且积极地规划他们的未来，他们有清晰的设想并愿意努力去实现它；由此可推知，D.SteveBoland对于Z一代是持赞同的态度的，故正确答案为A。]8．WhichofthefollowingwordsmaybestdescribetheGenZers?A．Confidentandindependent.B．Visionaryandresponsible.C．Persistentanddowntoearth.D．Activeandcreative.B [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段可知，Z一代会积极规划他们的未来并努力实现自己的设想，由此可知，他们是有远见的；又根据倒数第二段的内容，尤其是第一句“Socialissuesarealso...oftheworld”可知，社会问题也是Z一代关注的中心，并且他们认为自己是改变世界的力量，由此可推知Z一代是有责任感的。故正确答案为B。C项意为“执着且务实的”，文中体现了Z一代是务实的，但没有相关信息表明他们是执着的。]Ⅱ.完形填空Foryears,coupleshavededicated(把……专用于)asingle“ring”fingerofthelefthandtoromancewhenanyotherfingerwoulddo.Acasefortheleftside,thestrongside?1accordingtohistory.IntheMiddleAges,gettingcaughtwritingwithone'slefthandcouldearn2\nofbeingabnormalandinSpain,lefthandedpeoplemightevengetsevere3.Sowhydowe4afingeronthelefthandtosymbolizelastinglove?Past5wasn'tallbad.Theunionofmarriageandthenowstandardringplacementcanbe6backtosecondcenturyEgyptianswhofalselybelievedthat“acertainmostfragile7”beganinthefourthfingerofthelefthandandwentdirectlytotheheart.Centurieslater，theRomanscametoa(n)8conclusion.Buttheywereconvincedthata“lover'svein(静脉)”—in9ofanerve—connectedthisfingerwiththeorganthat10blood.DuringtheRomanengagement(订婚)process,arichmanwhocould11aringwouldputitonhisbridetobe'sfourthfinger.Themodernworldmayhave12thatcustomfromtheRomans.Untiltheseventeenthcentury,Europeancouples13woretheirringsontherighthand.Butin1549,anEnglishreformerpublishedabook,whichinstructscouplestoabandonacenturiesold14byslippingtheirweddingringsoverthelefthand'sfourthfinger.Beforelong,couplesthroughoutthecontinent15.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了结婚戒指戴在左手无名指上这一做法的起源。1．A.Maybe B．Indeed C．Sure D．NotD [上文提到“多年来，夫妇们都是把象征爱情的戒指戴在左手无名指上，虽然其他任何手指也可以履行这一职责。难道是因为左手是更好的那只手吗？”，根据下文内容可知，此处应表示“历史上可不是这样说的”。故用Not。]2．A.accusationsB．debatesC．discriminationsD．anxietiesA [在中世纪，被发现用左手写字会面临行为失常的指控(accusations)。]3．A.blameB．hateC．punishmentD．disapprovalC [在西班牙，惯用左手的人甚至很可能受到严惩(punishment)。句中的even暗示此处应比前一种情况更严重。]4．A.justifyB．arrangeC．rewardD．favorD [那么我们为什么选择(favor)左手的一根手指来象征永恒的爱呢？]5．A.beliefB．behaviorC．historyD．experience\nA [根据下文的内容可知，此处表示“过去的看法也不全都是不好的”。故选belief“看法，信念”。]6．A.putB．tracedC．rootedD．heldB [婚姻和现行的戒指佩戴位置的结合可以追溯到2世纪的埃及人身上。trace...backto...“追溯……到……”。]7．A.organB．fingerC．soulD．nerveD [当时埃及人误以为“某个最脆弱的神经”从左手第四根手指开始，一直延伸到心脏。下文中的“in________ofanerve”是提示。]8．A.contraryB．accurateC．similarD．mistakenC [几世纪后，罗马人也得出了相似的(similar)结论，但是罗马人认为把左手无名指和输送血液的器官连接起来的不是神经，而是“爱人的静脉”。]9．A.placeB．consequenceC．viewD．advanceA [参见上题解析。]10．A.purifiesB．producesC．absorbsD．pumpsD [此处表示“输送血液的器官”，即上文提到的“theheart”，故用pump表示“用泵(或泵样器官等)输送”。]11．A.possessB．affordC．makeD．valueB [根据前面的“rich”可知，此处应是表示“买得起戒指的富人”，故用afford。]12．A.promotedB．adoptedC．basedD．developedB [现代社会可能从罗马人那里承袭(adopted)了这种风俗。]13．A.normallyB．ridiculouslyC．politelyD．romanticallyA [一直到17世纪，欧洲夫妇通常(normally)都将戒指戴在右手上。ridiculously“荒谬地”；politely“有礼貌地”；romantically“浪漫地”。]14．A.restrictionB．habitC．practiceD．feelingC\n [这本书指导夫妇们抛弃这种悠久的做法(practice)，鼓励他们把结婚戒指戴在左手无名指上。]15．A.tooktheleadB．cutadealC．pouredintoD．followedsuitD [不久，全欧洲的夫妇们都仿效了这种做法。followsuit“仿效”，符合语境。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·太原市模拟)Cultureconflictscanoccuranytimeyoutravel，buteveryonceinawhiletheyhappeninsometrulyunexpectedways.Fromshoppingwithmanycoinsto1.________(light)upacigaretteoutdoors，thesearestrangeandembarrassingtravelmistakes2.________(travel)woulddotheirbesttoavoid.Forexample，3.________isillegaltofeedpigeonsonthestreetsofSanFrancisco.Thecity4.________(know)fortheGoldenGateBridgeblamesthecommonbirdsforspreadingdiseaseanddamagingproperty.Anyone5.________iscaughtprovidingfoodforSanFrancisco'spigeonscouldfaceaheavyfine.Moreover，citizens6.________(encourage)toreportpigeonfeederstothecity'spolicedepartment.Foranotherexample，you'dbetterthinktwicebeforeyousmokeinSingapore.Singaporehasthe7.________(serious)smokingpenalty(处罚)intheworld.Smokinginpublicwillearnatoughfine.More8.________(surprise)，ifyou'reshoppinginCanada，don'texpectcashiers9.________(accept)manycoinsasyoursolemethodofpayment.AccordingtoCanada'sCurrencyAct，storescanlegallyrefuseexcessiveamounts10.________coins.Withpennies,forexample，customerspaymentsmayberejectediftheytrytousemorethan25onecentcoinsatatime.【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了旅游当中游客可能会面临的一些文化冲突。比如，旧金山禁止游客在街头喂鸽子，新加坡重罚在公共场所抽烟者，而加拿大则可以拒收大量硬币。1．lighting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词to的宾语，需要用动名词形式；另外，结合from...to...结构中from后面动词的形式也可以判断，空处应用动名词形式，所以填lighting。]2．travel(l)ers [考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，空处考查定语从句的主语，应该用名词；travel(l)er是一个可数名词，再结合空后面的dotheirbest可知，空处应该用复数，所以填travel(l)ers。]3．it [考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语为“tofeedpigeonsonthestreetsofSanFrancisco”，所以填it。]4．known [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为blames，空处作非谓语，逻辑主语为名词city，两者之间为被动关系，作后置定语，所以填known。]\n5．who [考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，修饰代词Anyone，所以填who。]6．areencouraged [考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合整篇文章时态可知，空处用一般现在时；市民被鼓励向市警察局举报喂鸽子的人，因此需要用被动语态；主语citizens为可数名词复数，所以填areencouraged。]7．mostserious [考查形容词最高级。根据句意“新加坡是世界上对抽烟处罚最严重的国家”可知，空处需要填形容词最高级，所以填mostserious。]8．surprisingly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰整个句子，所以填surprisingly。]9．toaccept [考查非谓语动词。expectsb.todosth.为固定表达，意为“期待某人做某事”，所以填toaccept。]10．of [考查介词。amountsof为固定表达，意为“大量的”，所以填of。]Ⅳ.应用文写作(2021·新高考八省联考卷)假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教George写封邮件求助，内容包括：1．说明比赛要求；2．请他推荐英文诗；3．请教朗诵技巧。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。DearGeorge，I'mwritingtoaskforyourhelp.________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【参考范文】DearGeorge，I'mwritingtoaskforyourhelp.OurschoolwillholdanEnglishPoetryReadingContestnextweekend.Iameagertohaveatry.Itisrequiredthatthethemeshouldbeaboutnature.Eachcontestantisgivenuptofiveminutestoreadthepoem.Sowouldyoupleasebesokindtogivemesomerecommendationsonwhichpoemtochoose?Besides,whatIneedaretheskillsofrecitation,includingpronunciationandintonation,whichwillperfectmyperformance.\nI'dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomeguidance.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，Li_HuaⅤ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2020·广州市阶段训练)MysisterJeanneandIwerebornonly14monthsapart，andweoncesharedmanyhappymoments.ShelikedtellingjokestomeandIwouldlaughheartily.Shealwayssaidshelovedmylaughteranditwasthemostimpressivesoundforher.Butbythetimewewereteenagerswehadyearswithoutspeakingandlosttouchduetofamilybreaking.Byage19，IhadmovedawayfromourhomeinWisconsintoliveonmyfather'shorsefarminVirginia.Jeannegotmarriedat20，movedtoChicago，andbecame—well，Ididn'tknowwhat.Welivedseparatelivesinseparatestates，andourconnectionsomehowended.Fastforwardaboutfiveyears.Iwas24andonatripwithmybestfriendtoNewYorkCity，aplaceIhadneverbeento.Itwassodifferentfrommyhometown.IwasusedtoridingmyhorsetothecornerstorewhereeveryonekneweveryoneandeverythingwentoninthequietlittlecowboytownofDriver，Virginia.WewenttoNewYorktovisitmyfriend'scousinandseethesights.WewenttoLittleItaly,theStatueofLiberty，Chinatown,andseveralManhattanclubs.Ihadneverseensomanytaxisinonespotinallmylife.Duringadayofsightseeing，wewerecrossingaverybusystreetloadedwithpeople.Everyonewasinahurry.Iwaslaughingatsomethingmyfriendjustsaid，andthenIsuddenlyheardmynameyelledfromsomewherebehindme：“Cheryl！”Thevoicewassofamiliar.Ifrozeinmystepsinthemiddleoftheroad.Tearswelledupspontaneously(不由自主地)inmyeyes.IknewwithoutashadowofadoubtthatitwasmysisterJeanne.Iyelledbackbeforeeventurningtolook.“Jeanne？”Itwasher.“Ohmy！”Iscreamed,andIbeganpushingpeopleoutofmywaytogettoher.Thecrowdstartedtopart—evenbyNewYorkstandards，wemusthaveseemedcrazy.Andtherewewere，standinginthemiddleofaManhattanstreet，facingeachotherandsmiling.Icouldn'tbelieveit.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。\nIlateraskedhowshe'dknownitwasme._____________________________________________________________________________________________Sincethattime,mysisterandIhaveneverbeenseparated.________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Ilateraskedhowshe'dknownitwasme.Shesaiditwasmylaugh，theimpressiveandunforgettablesound.Mylaughisnotallthatunusual，butIguesstoafamilymemberit'sinfectious.Ithitsherheartandresonatesinhermind.IaskedherwhatshewasdoinginNewYork，andshesaidshehadcomeforanoperashowingandwasthereforonlyaweek.NeitherofushaseverreturnedtoNewYork，andbothourvisitswerespontaneoustripsplannedjustaweekearlier.Sincethattime,mysisterandIhaveneverbeenseparated.WebothmovedbacktoWisconsin.Wetalkedandjokeddailylikebefore.Manyyearshavepassed，andmysisterandIarenowbothinour50s.Iseethechanceofmeetingasmoreofalesson，aremindernottolosetouchwithlovedones.Afteroursistertosistermiracle，Idon'tplantoletthathappenagain.Also，Iknowthesecrettoconnecteachother.
