专题限时检测(十七) 阅读理解之社会现象类(共3篇，限时23分钟)A(2022·湖北八校第二次联考)Awhitechildsoldapackofcannabis(大麻)athislocalhighschool.Ablackchilddidaparttimejoblikethisinhislocalneighborhood.Whencaught,bothofthemwerefirsttimeviolators(违反者).Andthenthewhitechildwalkedintojuvenile(青少年的)courtwithhisfamily,anexcellentlawyerandinsurance.Theblackchildwalkedintocourtwithhisdad,nolawyerandnoinsurance.Thegrandjusticeletthewhitechildleavewithhisfamily.Besides,hewasplacedinawellconditiontreatmentprogram.Theblackchildhadnochoice.Hewasunderrestraint(限制)．Generallyspeaking,whatwehavementionedabovehappenedmoreandmoreofteninthejuvenilecourtsystem.Minorityyouthswhowerecaughtonviolentaffairsweremorethan5timesaswhiteyouthstobesentoutofthejuvenilejusticesystemandtried(审判)asadults,accordingtoastudyreleasedlastweekbyTheNewYorkTimes.Onceminoritychildrenwereinadultcourts,youngblackviolatorswere20timesmorelikelytobeputintoprison.“Discriminationagainstminoritychildrendevelopsateverystageofthejusticesystemanditisgoingtoskyrocketwhenyoungcriminalsarejudgedasadultcriminals，”saidMr.Din.Lowagecrimedroppedfromitspeakintheearly2000s.Inthepastsixyears,33stateshavepassednewlawsthatmadeiteasiertotryjuvenilesasadults.InNewYorkandMississippiin1996,alltheyoungcriminalsinprisonwereminorities.Infact,mostofthechildrenwhoweretriedasadultsshouldnotbetreatedlikethat.Instead,adultprisonswereahelltojuveniles.Adultprisonerswere10timesmorelikelytocommitkillingpeopleand7timesmorelikelytobeaboutsexualabuse.JimKingCary,aspokesman,areformgroupinWashingtonD.C．，saidoncetheygotout,theyweregoingtocommitmoreandmoreviolentcrimes.Thesystem,infact,wastrainingcareercriminals.Anditwasdoingitsgreatharmtominorities.1．Fromthebeginningwelearnthat________.A．thewhitechildisasluckyastheblackchildB．thegrandjusticetreatedthewhitechildandtheblackchilddifferentlyC．thewhitechildhasbeenforgivenbythesocietyD．theblackchildshouldbeputintoprison2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Childrencanbetriedasadultsunderspecialcondition.B．Blackchildrenaremorelikelytocommitcrimes.C．Discriminationdoesexistinthejusticesystem.D．Governmentsshouldn’tpassthelawsimmediately.3．Theunderlinedword“skyrocket”inParagraph2means“________”．A．expandwidely B．dropimmediatelyC．spreadquicklyD．risesuddenly4．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．youngcriminalsinadultprisonslivedabetterlifeB．juvenileswerekilledorabusedinadultprisonsC．juvenileswerelikelytobecomecareercriminals5\nD．moreandmorejuvenileswerereformedbythesystemB(2022·仙桃调研)Asthelongerlifeandrapiddecreaseinthelaboragepopulationareexpected,extendingtheretirementageisawisechoiceforthegovernment.ThisiswhyattheThirdPlenum(全会)ofthe18thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaitwasagreedthatthereshouldbeastudyonthesubject.Itisundoubtedlynecessaryforthegovernmenttoadjustitspoliciestomeetthechallengeofanincreasinglyagingsociety.Accordingtothegovernment,China’sseniorcitizensabovetheageof60willreach200million,about14.8percentofthepopulation,bytheendofthisyear,andthefigureisexpectedtogrowto248millionbytheyearof2022andmorethan400millionby2050,whentheywillaccountfor30percentofthepopulation.Meanwhile,extendingtheretirementagewillresultinseveralbenefits—slowingtherapidincreaseoftheretired,reducingtherapiddeclineinexperiencedworkersandkeepingthelaboragepopulationataconsiderablesizeforstableeconomicdevelopment.However,beforethepolicyisdrawnuptherewillneedtobethoroughresearch,sotherecanbecarefulconsiderationoftheinterestsofallpartiestomakesurethatthenewpolicydoesnotharmtheinterestsofworkersindifferentjobs.Thereare112millionworkerswhodoheavyphysicallaborandmaynotbewillingtoputofftheirretirementtoalaterage.Andtheopinionsofgovernmentemployeesandotherwhitecollarworkerswillalsoneedtobelistenedtobeforeapolicyisintroducedtoextendtheirretirementtoalaterage.Nodoubtitwillbeimpossibletopleaseall,butitshouldbepossibletomakethepolicyacceptabletothemost.Anyway,anyextensionsthatwillhopefullyhelpreducethenegativeinfluencesofourincreasinglyagingsocietyalsoneedtobefair.5．Thetextmainlytellsus________.A．ChinaisgoingtoenteranagingsocietyB．ChinahasplannedtoextendtheretirementageC．extendingtheretirementagewillbringaboutmultiplebenefitsD．allpeopleagreetoacceptthepolicy6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．China’soldpeopleabovetheageof50willbeabout14.8percentofthepopulation.B．Therewillbeabout248millioneldersby2050.C．Extendingtheretirementagemayreducetheexperiencedworkers.D．ExtendingtheretirementagemaycontributetotheeconomicdevelopmentofChina.7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Alltheworkerswillbepleasedwiththepolicy.B．Thewhitecollarworkersgoagainstthepolicy.C．Therecanbemanydifficultiesinextendingtheretirementage.D．Thegovernmentshouldpleaseallsoastogiveupthepolicy.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepolicy?A．Doubtful.B．Objective.C．Optimistic.D．Opposed.C(2022·苏北四市第三次调研)BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,onlyasmallpercentageofthe5\nworld’spopulationwasliterate(有文化的).Literacyratesincreasedthroughoutthe19thcentury,aspeoplestartedmovingfromthecountrysidetotownsandcitiesforthejobopportunitiesopeningupinthenewlyindustrializedsocieties.Manyofthesenewjobs,especiallythehigherpayingones,requiredtheabilitytoreadandwrite.Withtheriseofuniversaleducationinalmostallcountriesaroundtheworld,literacyrateshavesteadilygoneupoverthepasthundredyears.Butbasicliteracyisnolongerenough.Foryearsnow,routinehumantasks,thatis,thosetasksthatcanwellbedescribedbyasetofrules,havebeentakenoverbytechnologysubstitution(代替)andautomation(自动化).Manybluecollarmanufacturingactivitiesinassemblyplanshavefallenintothiscategory.Sohaveanincreasingnumberofwhitecollarinformationbasedactivities,includingrecordkeepingandmanykindsofadministrativetasks.Notsurprisingly,ourknowledgebaseddigitaleconomyrequiresbettereducatedworkerswithspecificskillsrequirements.Forexample,wearesurroundedbysmartmachines—cars,musicplayers,TVs,videorecorders,smartphones,PCs,theInternet,email,theWeb,ecommercesitesandonandonandon.Theyhavebecomeindispensabletoolsatworkandathome.Digitalliteracy,theabilitytodealwiththesophisticatedmachinesallaroundandusethemeffectivelytohelpusaddresscomplexproblems,hasbecomeaveryimportantskill.Ingeneral,peoplewhoarecomfortabledealingwithcomplexityarebetterabletohandlemoredemanding,higherpayingjobs.Inourcomplexworld,unanticipatedsituationsoftenarisethatwehavenotencounteredbeforeandthusrequiregoodproblemsolvingskills.Similarcognitiveskillsarenecessarytohelpusevaluatetheoptionsinvolvedinmakingcomplexdecisions.A2022studybytheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteprojectsacontinuousdemandforworkerswithatleastapostsecondaryeducationtomeetthedemandsofbusiness.AccordingtoMcKinsey,employersarealreadyhavingtroublefillingpositionsrequiringtechnicalskills.Manyworkerswillnotnecessarilyhavetheskillsneededforthejobsthataremostlikelytobeindemand.Moreover,aswelookintothefuture,digitaltechnologieswillcontinuetobeappliedtoactivitiesrequiringcognitivecapabilitiesandproblemsolvingintelligencethatnotlongagowereviewedastheexclusivedomainofhumans.Asaresult,wewillneedtocontinuallyupgradeourskillsinordertokeepupwithourincreasinglysmartmachinesandfastchangingjobrequirements.9.Whyisadvancedliteracynecessary?A．Therearemorehumantaskswhichcanbedescribedbyasetofrules.B．Therearemorebluecollarmanufacturingactivities.C．Moreroutinehumantaskshavebeentakenover.D．Morerecordkeepingandmanykindsofadministrativetasksappear.10．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhatourdigitaleconomyneeds?A．Smartmachines—cars,musicplayers,TVs,theInternet,andsoon.B．Workerswithgoodeducationandspecificrequirements.C．Sophisticatedmachinesallaround.D．Indispensabletoolsatworkandathome.11．FromParagraph5,wecanlearnthatMcKinseyagreesthat________.A．employersfinditdifficulttofindskilledworkersB．employeeshavedifficultyfillingintheformsC．workerssurelyhavetheskillsneededforthejobsD．allskillsareindemandinthefuture12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?5\nA．World’sLiteracyRatesB．TheDevelopmentofDigitalTechnologiesC．FastChangingAttitudesD．JobsandLifelongLearning答案语篇解读：本文为说明文。对于未成年人犯罪，美国的法律是不公平的，白人孩子可以有更好的教育模式，而黑人孩子则受到监禁，而且按照成人的法律去惩罚。1．选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thegrand...underrestraint(限制)”可知，白人孩子和黑人孩子受到的是不同的对待。2．选C 正误判断题。根据文章第一段和第二段首句中的“whatwehavementionedabovehappenedmoreandmoreofteninthejuvenilecourtsystem”可知答案为C。3．选D 词义猜测题。根据第二段的语境可知，当青少年罪犯被按照成人的犯罪标准来判刑时，歧视急剧增加。故选D项。4．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，成人监狱对于青少年来说是地狱，一旦他们从成人监狱中出来，他们会犯更多的罪。事实上，成人监狱是青少年职业罪犯的培训营，会带来更大的危害。故C项正确。语篇解读：这是一篇时文报道。介绍了中国对推迟退休年龄方面的探讨以及各界对这一话题的反响等。5．选B 主旨大意题。全文围绕中国人口老龄化的问题，探讨推迟退休年龄这一话题，介绍了各界人士的态度。因此选B。6．选D 正误判断题。第二段说中国60岁以上的人口将达到人口总数的14.8%(A错)；到2050年60岁以上的人口将超过400million(B错)；而推迟退休年龄能减缓有经验的工作者数量的快速下降(C错)；这些好处有助于中国的经济发展(D正确)。7．选C 推理判断题。第四段说从事繁重体力劳动的工人可能不愿意推迟他们的退休年龄(A错)；政府雇员和白领阶层的观点也应该听一听，但没有依据推断白领阶层的看法(B错)；最后一段说政策不可能让所有人都满意(D错)；从文章的叙述看，要实行这一政策会遇到各种困难(C正确)。8．选B 观点态度题。从文章的叙述可以看出，作者只是客观地介绍了这一时文报道以及各方的态度，因此选B，表示“客观的”。语篇解读：文章提及不同的时代对劳动者的能力提出了不同要求，指出劳动者需要终身学习以跟上科技的迅猛发展以及就业市场的快速变化。9．选C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一、二句可知，基本的读写能力已经不够用了。多年来，常规的劳动任务，即那些可以被一系列规则所描述出来的工作，已被技术产品和自动化所取代。故答案为C。10．选B 细节理解题。文章第三段第一句提到“不足为奇的是，以知识为基础的数字经济要求劳动者受到过更好的教育，具备特定的技能”，之后列举了我们身边各种各样的智能机器的名称。故答案为B。11．选A 推理判断题。文章第五段谈到麦肯锡全球研究所2022年的一份研究报告预测。根据该段最后两句可知，麦肯锡表示，企业在招聘技术岗位时已经感觉到难度很大，许多劳动者并不完全具备那些工作岗位所需的职业技能。故答案为A。5\n12．选D 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章谈及不同时代对劳动者不同的技能要求，由此可知，为满足不同时期的就业需要，劳动者需要不断地学习。故答案为D。5
