专题限时检测(二十一) 阅读理解之自然类(共3篇，限时23分钟)A(2022·武昌区高考适应性测试)Browncowsmaynotactuallymakechocolatemilk,butpinksilkworms(蚕)doproducepinksilk,ateamofscientistshasdiscovered.Toseeiftheycouldproducepredyedsilk—silkthatcomescolored,straightfromthesource—theteamfedordinarysilkwormsmulberry(桑树)leavesthathadbeensprayed(喷洒)withfabric(织物)dyes(染色剂).Outofseventesteddyes,onlyoneworked,producingathreadthatremindedmeofpinkdyedhair.Andyes,thewormsthemselvestakeonsomecolorbeforetheyproducesilk.Theircolorfuldietsdidnotaffecttheirgrowth,theteam,whichincludedengineersandbiologistsfromtheCSIR—NationalChemicalLaboratoryinIndia,reportsinthejournalACSSustainableChemistry&Engineering.(Theresearchersdidn’tlooktoodeeplyintohowthedyesaffectedthesilkworms’health.Afterall,silkwormsdiewhenpeopleharvesttheirsilk.)Theteammadedyeingsilkthiswaybecausecoloringfabricnormallyuseslargeamountsoffreshwater.Thewatergetspollutedwithdangerouschemicalsintheprocess,requiringcostlytreatmentbeforefactoriescansenditbackintowaterways.Dyeingsilkdirectlybyfeedingsilkwormswouldavoidthosewaterwashingsteps.Scientistsarejuststartingtostudythisidea.However,itremainstobeseenifit’scommerciallysuccessful.Inthisexperiment,theIndianteamtestedsevendyes,whicharecheapandpopularintheindustry.Thescientistsfounddifferentdyesmovedthroughsilkworms’bodiesdifferently.Somenevermadeitintotheworms’silkatall.Otherscoloredthewormsandtheirsilk,butthecolordisappearsbeforethesilkisturnedintofabric.Onlyonedye,named“directacidfastred”，showedupinthefinal,washedsilkthreads.Bythetimeitmadeitthere,itwasapleasant,lightpink.1．Thetextismostprobablya(n)________．A．sciencereport B．touristguideC．animalexperimentD．fashionadvertisement2．Silkwormscanproducepinksilkbecause________.A．theyarebornpinkB．theyaredyedpinkC．theygrowinpinkwaterD．theyarefeddyedfood3．Wherewastheexperimentcarriedout?A．InAmerica.B．InIndia.C．InIsrael.D．InChina.4．Howmanydyeshavebeenprovedsuccessfulintheexperiment?A．One.B．Three.C．Five.D．Seven.B(2022·武汉七校第一次联合考试)It’sthebeginningof2022,butasUSATodaysays，“it’snevertooearlytoplanyour2022travels”.Withsomanyhotdestinationsaroundtheglobe,“whereshouldIgo？”canbedifficulttoanswer.AccordingtoLonelyPlanet,though,Brazilisafinechoice—onOct29th,thetravelguidenamedthatcountrythetoponetovisitin2022.“Asifendlesscoastandmountainssplashed(飞溅)withrainforestdidn’talreadyadduptoan5\nunfairshareofheaven,Brazilwillholdtwoofthegreatestsportingeventsintheworld,beginningwiththe2022FIFAWorldCupandfollowedbythe2022SummerOlympics，”explainedLonelyPlanet.Brazilisthelargestandmostpopulous(人口稠密的)countryinSouthAmerica.Itboasts(自豪拥有)theAmazon,theworld’slargestjungle,whichishometoavarietyofplantsandanimals.ButthegreatsceneryisnottheonlythingBrazilianstakepridein.ThecolorsgreenandyellowmightmakemostpeoplethinkofBrazil’ssoccerteamevenmorethanitsnationalflag.SoccerismorethanasportinBrazil;it’sawayoflife.Infact,theWorldCupbringsBrazilianstogether.ItisinterestingtonotethatthegeneralelectionsinBrazilareusuallyheldduringthesameyearastheWorldCup.Politicalpartiestrytotakeadvantageofthepatrioticenthusiasm(爱国热情)createdbysoccertoinspirepoliticalenergy.Alongsidesoccer,sambaisanothersymbolofBrazil.Thecountry’smosttraditionaldanceishighlightedeveryFebruaryattheRioCarnival,whichisoneoftheworld’sbiggest.“Brazilhasleftitssecondclassnationstatus，”saidformerBrazilianpresidentLuizInacioLuladaSilvain2022afterRiodeJaneirowasawardedthe2022Olympics.Brazil’sgrowingeconomy,fueledbyoilandaircraftfactories,hasmadeitmorethanjustanationofsamba,soccerandbeaches.Thesedays,itmightjustbethebesttouristdestinationintheworld.5．WhichisTRUEaboutBrazil?A．Soccerandsambaaretwosymbolsofthecountry.B．ItwillholdtheFIFAWorldCupandtheSummerOlympicsin2022.C．ItisthelargestcountrywiththelongesthistoryinSouthAmerica.D．ItsAmazonistheworld’slargestjungle,Brazilianstakeprideinonly.6.WecantellfromthewordsofLuizInacioLuladaSilvathat________.A．hiscountrywillbethefirstclassnationstatusafterthe2022OlympicsB．hiscountryhasbeenleftbehindbyothersecondclassnationsC．heisconfidentthathiscountryhasdevelopedveryfastD．the2022Olympics,notsambaorsoccer,hasmadehiscountrythefirstclass7.WhichofthefollowingaspectsarementionedaboutBrazilinthearticle?A．Militaryandeconomy.B．Geographyandpopulation.C．Languageandculture.D．Politicsandhistory.8．Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthearticleisto________.A．giveanintroductionofBrazilasatouristdestinationB．provethatLonelyPlanet’srecommendationisrightC．giveanobjectivereviewofBrazilasanationD．explainwhyBrazilwillbeholdingthetwosportingeventsC(2022·徐州第三次质检)Theevolutionofthefirstanimalsmayhaveoxygenated(供氧)Earth’soceans.NewresearchledbytheUniversityofExeterchallengesthelongheldbeliefthatoxygenationoftheatmosphereandoceanswasapreconditionfortheevolutionofcomplexlifeforms.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalNatureGeoscience,buildsontherecentworkofscientists5\ninDenmarkwhofoundthatsponges(海绵动物)—thefirstanimalstoevolve—requireonlysmallamountsofoxygen.ProfessorTimLentonoftheUniversityofExeter，wholedthenewstudy,said:“Wearguethattheevolutionofthefirstanimalscouldhaveplayedakeyroleinthewidespreadoxygenationofthedeepoceans.Thisinturnmayhavefacilitatedtheevolutionofmorecomplex,mobileanimals.”Criticaltodeterminingoxygenlevelsinthedeepoceanisthebalanceofoxygensupplyanddemand.Demandforoxygeniscreatedbythesinkingofdeadorganicmaterialintothedeepocean.Thenewstudyarguesthatthefirstanimalsreducedthissupplyoforganicmatter—bothdirectlyandindirectly.Spongesfeedbypumpingwaterthroughtheirbodies，“digesting”thetinyparticlesoforganicmatter，andthushelpingoxygenatetheshelfseasthattheylivein.Byoxygenatingmoreofthebottomwaters,thefirstanimalsactuallyincreasedtheremovaloftheessentialnutrientphosphorus(磷)intheocean.Thisinturnreducedtheproductivityofthewholeoceanecosystem,loweringoxygendemandandthusoxygenatingthedeepocean.Amoreoxygenrichoceancreatedidealconditionsformorecomplexmobileanimalstoevolve,becausetheyhaveahigherrequirementforoxygen.Theseincludedthefirstpredatory(肉食的)animalswithguts(内脏)thatstartedtoeatoneanother，markingthebeginningofthetypeoffoodwebswearefamiliarwithtoday.ProfessorSimonPoultonoftheUniversityofLeeds，whoisacoauthorofthestudy,added：“Thisstudyprovidesapossiblemechanismforoceanoxygenationwithouttherequirementforariseinatmosphericoxygen.Itthereforequestionswhetherthelongstandingbeliefthattherewasamajorriseinatmosphericoxygenatthistimeiscorrect.Wesimplydon’tknowtheanswertothisatpresent，whichisultimatelykeytounderstandinghowourplanetevolvedtoitscurrenthabitablestate.GeochemistsneedtocomeupwithnewwaystoexplainoxygenlevelsontheearlyEarth.”9．Theunderlinedword“facilitated”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto________.A．preventedB．promotedC．interruptedD．witnessed10．FromParagraphs4to6,wecaninferthat________.A．phosphoruscankeeptheproductivityoftheoceanecosystemB．complexanimalsconsumethesameamountofoxygenasspongesC．thesinkingofdeadorganicmaterialintothedeepoceanproducesoxygenD．theexistenceofthefirstanimalsmarksthebeginningofmodernfoodwebs11．Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnProfessorSimonPoultonbelievesthat________.A．theirstudygivesanewexplanationforthehighoxygencontentintheairB．oxygenincreasedgreatlyintheairasthefirstanimalsoxygenatedtheoceansC．theirstudyanswersthequestionofhowtheearthevolvedtothepresentstateD．oceanoxygenationdoesnotnecessarilyrequireariseinatmosphericoxygen12．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．presenttheviewthatthefirstanimalsplayedanactiveroleinoxygenatingoceansB．introducetwooppositeopinionsonhowthefirstanimalsoxygenatedoceansC．analyzehowatmosphericoxygensteppeduptheevolutionofoceanicanimalsD．explainhowoceanicoxygendeterminestheamountofatmosphericoxygen5\n答案语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你听说过蚕能吐出粉色的丝吗？印度的科学家做了大量的实验，他们通过给蚕喂一些喷过染色剂的桑树叶子，最终成功地使蚕吐出了粉色的丝。1．选A 推理判断题。根据对全文的理解可知，科学家们通过给蚕喂一些喷过染色剂的食物使其吐出粉色的丝。文中介绍了实验过程和实验结论，所以应该是一篇科技报告。故选A。2．选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句中的“...theteamfed...remindedmeofpinkdyedhair.”可知，科学家用被喷洒织物染色剂的桑树叶子喂养普通的蚕。在七个被测试的染料中，只有一种染料起作用，这种蚕丝，让“我”想起染上粉色的头发。由此推知，蚕之所以会吐出粉色的丝是因为他们被喂了含有染色剂的食物。故选D。3．选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“...theteam，whichincludedengineersandbiologistsfromtheCSIR—NationalChemicalLaboratoryinIndia...”可知，实验是在印度进行的。故选B。4．选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Onlyonedye，named’directacidfastred’，showedupinthefinal，washedsilkthreads.”可知，只有一种染料成功了。故选A。5．选A 正误判断题。根据文章第五段的第一句“Alongsidesoccer，sambaisanothersymbolofBrazil.”可知，足球和桑巴舞是巴西的象征。根据文章内容，B、C、D三项均可排除。故选A项。6．选C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“’Brazilhasleftitssecondclassnationstatus，’...”即巴西已经摆脱了二等国家的身份，并结合最后一段可推知，巴西发展迅速，并获得2022年夏季奥运会的举办权，由此可推断出，当时的巴西总统对巴西经济快速发展充满信心。故选C项。7．选B 细节理解题。通过对文章第三段的整体理解可知，本段提到了巴西的人口和地理环境，即亚马孙流域是世界上最大的热带雨林。故选B项。8．选A 写作意图题。根据文章第一段和文章的整体描述可知，本文主要是对旅游目的地巴西做了一个简明的介绍。故选A项。语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报告。研究表明早期低等动物的进化在海洋的供氧系统中起着关键性的作用。9．选B 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Wearguethattheevolutionofthefirstanimalscouldhaveplayedakeyroleinthewidespreadoxygenationofthedeepoceans.Thisinturn...”可推知，早期动物在深海氧气扩散中起到关键作用，这反过来也促进了这些动物的进化，所以此处facilitate与promote意思相近，意为“促使，有助于”。故选B项。10．选A 推理判断题。根据文章第五段第二、三句“Byoxygenatingmoreofthebottomwaters，thefirstanimalsactuallyincreasedtheremovaloftheessentialnutrientphosphorus(磷)intheocean.Thisinturnreducedtheproductivityofthewholeoceanecosystem，loweringoxygendemandandthusoxygenatingthedeepocean.”可推知，磷可以维持海洋生态系统的生产力。故选A项。11．选D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“ProfessorSimonPoultonoftheUniversityofLeeds,whoisacoauthorofthestudy,added：’Thisstudyprovidesapossiblemechanismforoceanoxygenationwithouttherequirementforariseinatmosphereoxygen.’”可知，SimonPoulton相信海洋的供氧不一定需要空气中氧气的增加。故选D项。5\n12．选A 写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句“Theevolutionofthefirstanimalsmayhaveoxygenated(供氧)Earth’soceans.”的开篇点题，并结合第三段中的“Wearguethattheevolutionofthefirstanimalscouldhaveplayedakeyroleinthewidespreadoxygenationofthedeepoceans”，及对全文的整体理解可知，本文介绍了一项研究表明早期低等动物的进化在海洋的供氧系统中起着关键性的作用。故选A项。5
