第一步 循序渐进，提升写作技能李仕才第一讲 短小精悍的简单句英语中最重要、最基本的句式有五种，复杂的句子结构都是这些基本句型的扩展和延伸。因此，加强对五种基本句型的学习是写作的基础，也是提高英语写作水平的前提。除了系动词be外，还有一些动词是系动词：表感官的动词(feel，smell，taste，sound等)，表“像”的动词(look，appear，seem等)，表状态变化的动词(become，get，grow，turn，go等)，表延续的动词(remain，keep，hold，stay等)。作表语的通常是名词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或从句。1.Mr.Brownisanengineer.(名词作表语)2.Graduallyhebecamesilent.(形容词作表语)3.Sheremainedstandingforanhour.(现在分词作表语)4.Thequestionremainedunsolved.(过去分词作表语)5.Themachineisoutoforder.(介词短语作表语)6.Thetelevisionwason.(副词作表语)7.Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.(动词不定式作表语)8.Myjobisrepairingcars.(动名词作表语)9.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(从句作表语，即：表语从句)[名师点津] 在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。1.I’mhappytomeetyou.2.Theyarewillingtohelp.3.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample.5\n这种句型中的动词(短语)大多是不及物动词，这类动词(短语)常见的有：takeplace，happen，breakout，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，go，come，die，count，matter，fall，rise等。有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质，也用于主谓结构。1.Thesunisrising.2.I’lltry.3.Didyousleepwell？(well作状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4.Theenginebrokedown.[名师点津] 在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特征，不用被动语态。1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon’tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.主谓宾结构是英语中常见的句型，谓语是及物动词(短语)，宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词、不定式等。1.Doyouknowthesepeople(them)？(名词或代词作宾语)2.Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.(反身代词作宾语)3.Hesmiledastrangesmile.(同源宾语)4.Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.(不定式作宾语)5.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes？(动名词作宾语)6.IhopethatIhavesaidnothingtopainyou.(从句作宾语，即：宾语从句)[名师点津] 并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。5\n在英语的双宾语结构中，谓语动词是能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。这种带双宾语的动词也可以与介词to或for连用，构成“主语＋谓语动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语”的句型。间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词：bring，give，hand，lend，offer，owe，pass，write，send，show，tell，teach等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，sing，spare。1.Hehandedmealetter.→Hehandedalettertome.2.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.→Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.3.Shesangusafolksong.→Shesangafolksongforus.4.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.→Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的，通常放在宾语的后面，起补充说明的作用。名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语等常常作宾语补足语。1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.(形容词作宾补)2.TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.(名词作宾补)3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.(介词短语作宾补)4.Wewenttoherhousebutfoundherout.(副词作宾补)5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo？(不定式作宾补)6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.(tobe作宾补)7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.(不定式的完成式作宾补)8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.(不定式的进行式作宾补)9.Didyounoticehimcomein？(不带to的不定式作宾补)10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.(现在分词作宾补)11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.(过去分词作宾补)[跟踪训练]Ⅰ.用下面所给的动词作谓语，按要求完成下面句子★leave1.Theywill__leave(将离开)tomorrow.(主谓)2.Theboyleft__his__book__here(把书落在这里)yesterday.(主谓宾)3.Tomalwaysleaves__his__homework__unfinished(做不完作业)atnight.(主谓宾宾补)5\n4.Hisgrandfather__left__his__son__a__big__house(留给儿子一所大房子)afterhisdeath.(主谓间宾直宾)★write5.Wewrite__with__pens(用钢笔写字).(主谓)6.Sheoftenwrites__reports(写报告)foranewspaper.(主谓宾)7.Shewrote__me__a__letter(给我写信)lastweek.(主谓间宾直宾)Ⅱ.翻译句子1.我们的语文老师很随和。Our__Chinese__teacher__is__very__easy-going.2.他所说的话听起来有道理。What__he__said__sounds__reasonable.3.孩子们急急忙忙向博物馆方向走去。The__children__walked__in__the__direction__of__the__museum__in__a__hurry.4.在去哪儿度假的问题上我父母最终让步了。My__parents__gave__in__at__last__on__where__to__spend__the__holiday.5.我喜欢跟Smith一起工作。I__enjoy__working__with__Smith.6.他几乎不知道如何写作文。He__hardly__knows__how__to__write__a__composition.7.售票员把车票一一给了乘客。The__conductor__gave__the__tickets__to__the__passengers__one__by__one.8.我给儿子买了个笔记本电脑作为礼物。I__bought__a__laptop__for__my__son__as__a__gift.9.孩子们把新年晚会办得很成功。Children__made__the__new__year__party__a__success.10.他让狗围着桌子跑。He__had__the__dog__run__around__the__desk.Ⅲ.典型病句诊断1.I’mverymuchlikeEnglish.→I__like__English__very__much.2.MyfavouritesubjectsincludingEnglishandChinese.including→include5\n3.Thefuturelifewillbecomemoreandmorebetter.more__and__more__better→better__and__better4.Intheiropinion，gotouniversityistheonlywaytosuccess.go→going5.Therehavemanystudentstalkingoutside.have→are6.Hecosttendollarsforthebook.cost→paid7.Sheisconfidenceandpatience.confidence__and__patience→confident__and__patient8.IfollowedMr.Smithentertheoffice.enter前加to9.Hashereturnedbackyet？去掉back10.HeleaveBeijingonacoldwinternight.leave→left11.Iworkedhardlyinordertocatchupwithothers.hardly→hard12.Thefiredestroiedtheirhouses.destroied→destroyed13.Shefellveryhappyatthenews.fell→felt14.Heisworksveryhard.去掉is15.Myhomevillagehastakenplacegreatchangesinthepastfewyears.→Great__changes__have__taken__place__in__my__home__village__in__the__past__few__years.5
