unit5nelsonmandela-amodernhero重点识记词汇1.qualityn．质量；品质；性质 2.meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3．principlen．法则；原则；原理4.outofwork失业5．attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击6.asamatteroffact事实上7．turnto求助于；致力于8.loseheart丧失勇气或信心9．escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开10.cometopower当权；上台11．setup设立；建立12.opinionn．意见；看法；主张13．presidentn．总统；会长；校长；行长14.votevt.&vi.投票；选举n．投票；选票；表决15．introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中16.guidancen．指导；领导→guidev．指导17．begvi.请求；乞求→beggarn．乞丐18．sentencevt.判决；宣判→besentencedto被判处……(徒刑)19．selfn．自我；自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的；忘我的20．crueltyn．残忍；残酷→crueladj.残忍的；残酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地21．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的→generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地→generosityn．慷慨；大方22．hopefuladj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopelessadj.没有希望的23．peacefuladj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacen．和平；平静；和睦24．equaladj.相等的；平等的→equallyadv.平等地；同等地→equalityn．平等；同等25．willingadj.乐意的；自愿的→unwillingadj.不愿意的→\nwilln．意志；遗嘱26．educatevt.教育；训练→educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的→educationn．教育27．legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→illegaladj.(反义词)非法的；违法的28．devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的→devotionn．奉献29．unfairadj.不公正的；不公平的→fairadj.(反义词)公正的；公平的30．activeadj.积极的；活跃的→activityn．活动31．violencen．暴力；暴行→violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的32．rewardn．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewardingadj.值得的；有益的；有回报的33．terrorn．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrifiedadj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的34．relativen．亲戚；亲属→relationn．关系；血缘关系；亲属→relationshipn．关系必背经典句式1.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2．...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。3.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。4．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。5．ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。6．Theywerenotclevererthanme，buttheydidpasstheir\nexams.他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。构词记忆 illegal/I′liːɡəl/adj.不合法的；非法的；犯法的impatient/Im′peIʃnt/adj.不耐烦的；焦躁的inability/ˌInə′bIlətI/n．[U]无能；无力；不能irrelevant/I′reləvənt/adj.无关紧要的；不相关的1[应试指导] 过去分词作定语、状语的考查devote...to...把……致力于……专心于……devotedadj.忠实的bedevotedto致力于，献身于；热爱……devotionn.奉献；关照Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。(湖南，26)Alannahasalwaysshownintensedevotiontoherchildren.\n阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。[夯实基础](1)用devote的适当形式填空①Heishighlythoughtofbecauseofhisdevotiontoduty.②Hislifeisonedevotedtothepeople.(2)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)②Devotedtocommunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)2[应试指导] 作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查inone’sposition处于某人的位置(状况)inposition在适当的位置outofposition不在适当的位置takethepositionthat...认为……Onecanfindhispositioninlifeinhisownway.一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。(浙江·阅读D)Leavethebandageinpositionuntilthedoctortellsyoutoremoveit.让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。[特别提醒]当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Ifyouwereinmyposition，whatwouldyoudothen?(2)Salesdirectorisapositionwherecommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.3[应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowsb.sth.允许某人某事\nallowfor考虑到Wedon’tallowsmokinginourhome.在我们家里不允许吸烟。Hewasallowedtoleavethecountry.他获准离开该国。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Thetwins，whohadfinishedtheirhomework，wereallowedtoplay(play)badmintonontheplayground.(2)Wedon’talloweating(eat)intheclassroom.(3)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicate(communicate)freelywitheachother.4equaladj.相同的，相等的(thesamein...)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于(bethesamein...)；比得上；抵得过(beasgoodas...)[应试指导] equally写作关联词beequalin在……方面比得上beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；与……相等；胜任……onequalterms在对等的条件下,withoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比Heisaplayerwithoutequal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Iwanttoencouragehertodowell，butequallyIdon’twanttomakeherfeelpressurized.我想鼓励她好好干，但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。[夯实基础](1)语法填空①HeisequaltoTominability.②Hiswifewasdoingworkofequalimportance.③Thetwocountrieshadaconversationonequalterms.(2)他能胜任这项工作。(一句多译)\n①Heisequaltothejob.(equal)②Heisuptothejob.(up)③Heisfitforthejob.(fit)④Heisqualifiedtodo/fordoingthejob.(qualified)5inone’sopinion＝intheopinionofsb.在某人看来haveagood/bad/high/lowopinionofsb./sth.对……评价好/不好/高/低Inmyopinion，peopleneedtolearntoaccepttherealityandkeepontrying.依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(北京·开放作文)[特别提醒](1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express/give/offerone’sopinion，而不说makeone’sopinion。(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。(3)英语中常用accordingtosb.或inone’sopinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。[夯实基础]在他看来，这是一本好书。(一句多译)(1)Inhisopinion，thisisagoodbook.(opinion)(2)Accordingtohim，thisisagoodbook.(according)(3)Asfarasheisconcerned，thisisagoodbook.(concerned)(4)Inhisjudgment，thisisagoodbook.(judgment)(5)Inhis(pointof)view，thisisagoodbook.(view)6[应试指导] turn短语语境词义辨析turntosb.forhelp向某人求助turnout结果是；证明是；(为看热闹)蜂拥而至taketurnstodo.../indoing...轮流做……inturn依次；轮流；逐个；相应地byturns轮流地；依次(表现出不同的情感或特质)However，whenitissomethingbeyondmycompetence，Iturntomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。(安徽·书面表达)[夯实基础]\n选择方框内的短语填空(1)Theweatherwasmildandrainybyturnsthroughouttheweek.(2)—Youlookupset.What’sthematter?—Ihadmyproposalturneddownagain.(3)Thousandsofpeopleturnedouttowatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.(4)Weareatyourservice.Don’thesitatetoturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.(5)Heaskedeachofusinturntodescribehowalcoholhadaffectedourlives.7loseone’shearttosb.爱上某人loseone’stemper发脾气loseone’spatience失去耐心loseone’sway迷路WhenIcan’tgetgoodgradesandIaminlowspirits，myparentsalwaysencouragemenevertoloseheart.当我没有取得好成绩情绪低落时，父母总是鼓励我不要丧失信心。(广东·读写任务)[夯实基础]选择方框内的短语填空(1)IfoundI’velostmyhearttoyou.(2)Mygrandfatherbecamefiercewhenhelosthistemper.(3)We’vekeptwaitingforalmostanhour；Ilostmypatience.(4)Whenyoufail，youshouldneverloseheart.1HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。\n(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及theonly，thevery修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(3)tocome将来的；tospare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。Icaughtthetrainwithonlyafewsecondstospare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Thecaptainisthelasttoleave(leave)theship.(2)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink(drink)?(3)Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochange(change)lives，includingyourown.(4)Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。Onlybysayingpolitewordscanyougetonwellwithothers.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。(江西·书面表达)[特别提醒](1)only＋从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。[夯实基础]单句改错(1)Onlywhenhadhestudiedthedataagainherealizedthattherewasamistake.Onlywhenhehadstudiedthedataagaindidherealizethattherewasamistake.(2)Onlycanmanspeak.Onlymancanspeak.3\nthefirsttime作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：themoment，theminute，thesecond，theinstant，theday，theweek，themonth，theyear，each/every/next/any/lasttime，immediately，instantly，directly等。Hepaidbackthemoneyheowedusimmediatelyhereturnedhome.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。EverytimeIseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingpapers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。[特别提醒]forthefirsttime在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。[夯实基础]IfellinlovewithyouthemomentIsawyou.(1)IfellinlovewithyouassoonasIsawyou.(用assoonas改写句子)(2)Ifellinlovewithyouimmediately/directly/instantlyIsawyou.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子)4单元语法——用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlastnight?(2)Pleaseleavethebookwhereitwas.(3)Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhecried.(4)July，when/inwhichwecangohomeforarest，iscomingsoon.(5)IshallneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrywithmyparents.高考题组Ⅰ.短文改错(2022·陕西)MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals，insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomealongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset，wesatbythefire，haveourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownat\nusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain！Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured.ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals，insectsortrees，butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!答案MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals，insectsandtrees.Myunclesallalongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset，wesatbythefire，ourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesjumpedupandshottheirarrowsthebird.ofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowsflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelooked或werelooked likerain！Werantoescapefortunatelynoonewasinjured.ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals，insectsortrees，butIlearntimpressivelessonaboutgravity!Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译1．在我看来，溺爱和过多的关心对孩子的发展尤其有害。(inone’sopinion)(2022·福建·书面表达)Inmyopinion，overprotectionandtoomuchcareareextremelybadforchildren’sdevelopment.2．我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。(loseheart)(2022·湖南·书面表达)Wedidn’twinthematch，butwedidn’tloseheart.3．只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。(only...)(2022·福建·书面表达)Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.4．我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。(position)(2022·辽宁·书面表达)I’mreallyinterestedinthispositionandhopeIcanworkforyou.5．原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。(allow)(2022·陕西·书面表达)Thereasonisoftenthatthepressurefromtheirparentsallowsthemalmostnotime\nforotheractivities.6．然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。(turnto)(2022·湖北·短文写作)ThenIturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.7．而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(devote)(2022·浙江·书面表达)Besides，sheoftendevoteshersparetimetohelpingothers.模拟题组Ⅰ.语法填空1．—Yoursisternearlydevotedallhersparetimetoherstudyduringthethreeyears.—That’sright，orshewouldn’thavetaken(not，take)thefirstplaceinherschoolintheCollegeEntranceExamination.2．Pleasereturnyourseatbacktoanuprightposition，whichwilldogoodtoyourhealth.3．Hewasn’tallowedtostay(stay)uplate.4．Idon’tthinkheisequaltodoing(do)thiskindofwork，soIcan’thirehim.5．Wheneverweareintrouble，weshouldneverloseheart.6．Thegovernmenthassetupacommitteetolookintothisaccident.7．ForthefirsttimeinherlifeJennierealizedthatsomanypeoplewerelovingherintheworld.8．OnlybykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantagesoverothercompanies.9．Haveyousentthankyounotestotherelativesfromwhomyoureceivedgifts?10．Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetoreduce(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Afterheheardthebadnews，hisfacetookonaworryingexpression.worrying→worried2．Severalhourslater，withthehelpofthepolice，thestudentsmanagedtoescapethedangerousplace，hungryandfrightened.escaped后加上from3．Themanwassentenced10years’imprisonmentforrobbingthebank.sentenced后加上to4．Heledtheworkersinfightingthewar.fighting后加上against5．Asmatteroffact，socialcustomsvaryindifferentpartsoftheworld.As后加上a\n6．Thatfootballteamhadwonnogamesanditlostitsheart.去掉its7．Don’tbeworried，becausethereisnothingtoworry.worry后加上about8．MadameCurie，devotingtoscience，wasagreatwoman.devoting→devoted9．Therearemanycardsforyoutochoose.choose后加上from10．ItworriedthepublicwasthatPhelpsshouldtakedrugs.It→WhatⅢ.写作句式升级训练Asamemberofthesociety，Irealizethatresponsibilityisthethingthatitneedstomakeabetterandmoreharmonioussociety.(素材来源于2022·湖北·短文写作)Beingamemberofthesociety，Iamawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabetterandmoreharmonioussociety.(用being...，aware及what从句改写句子)
