book1unit4earthquakes重点识记词汇1.atanend结束；终结 2.rightaway立刻；马上3．eventn．事件；大事4.rescuen．&vt.援救；营救5．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境6.digout掘出；发现7．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏8.disastern．灾难；灾祸9．a(great)numberof许多；大量的10.damagen．&vt.损失；损害11．uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的12.reportern．记者→reportv．报道13．burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发14．ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产→inruins严重受损；破败不堪15．nationn．民族；国家；国民→nationaladj.国家的，民族的→nationalityn．国籍16．extremeadj.极度的→extremelyadv.极其，非常17．injurevt.损害；伤害→injuredadj.受伤的→injuryn．伤害；损害18．electricityn．电；电流；电学→electricadj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electricaladj.与电有关的；电学的19．frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightenedadj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frighteningadj.令人恐惧的20．judgevt.断定；判断；判决n．裁判员；法官；评判员→judgementn．判断，审判，判断力，意见21．destroyvt.破坏；毁坏→destructionn．破坏→destructiveadj.破坏性的，毁灭性的22．congratulationn．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulatev．祝贺23．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊→shockedadj.震惊的→shockingadj.令人震惊的\n24．expressvt.表示；表达n．快车；速递→expressionn．词语；表达；表示→expressiveadj.富于表情的；有表现力的必背经典句式1.Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家大院里的鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。2．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!好像世界末日到了。3．Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。4．Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5．Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.老鼠跑出田地，寻找地方躲藏。6．Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。构词记忆 enable/I′neIbl/vt.使能够；使成为可能；使实现encourage/In′kʌrIdʒ/vt.鼓励；支持；促进enlarge/In′lɑːdʒ/vt.扩大；扩充；放大(照片)vi.增大1inruins毁坏；成为废墟fall/comeintoruin逐渐破碎bring...toruin使……失败；使……毁坏Heavysmokingruinedhishealth.过度吸烟损害了他的健康。Thebadweatherhasruinedallmypleasurefortheholiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。\n[夯实基础]语法填空(1)YearsoffightinghasleftIraqruined(ruin)．(2)Itrainedfortwoweeksonend，completelyruining(ruin)ourholiday.(3)Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobeinruins.(4)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins，thecitytookonanewlook.2[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查set/layatrapfor为……设下圈套becaughtinatrap＝fallintoatrap落入陷阱betrappedin被困在……；使陷入……困境trapsb.intodoing...诱骗某人做……Shehadset/laidatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。Shewastrappedintheburninghouseatthatmoment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Wereyoujusttryingtotrapherintomakingamistakendecision?(2)HermotherDonnawastrapped(trap)inthedestroyedbuilding.(3)MarysetatrapforPeterandhereallyfellintoit.(4)Trapped(trap)inatrafficjam，hehadtobepatient，waiting.3[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查burysth.in...把……埋在……buryoneselfin埋头于，专心于beburiedin专心于Thepaperwasburiedunderapileofbooks.那份文件被埋在书堆下。Shesatthere，buriedinthought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。\n[夯实基础](1)用bury的适当形式填空①Hewalkedslowly，hishandburiedinhispocket.②Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark，buryingherheadinthebookinherhands.③Theythinkshewasburiedinthedesert，alongwithafewothers.(2)Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.①Buryingherselfinthefilm，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)②Buriedinthefilm，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)4[应试指导] 交际用语中的用法congratulations(tosb.)onsth.就……(向某人)祝贺Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)congratulatevt.祝贺，向……道喜congratulatesb.onsth.为某事向某人祝贺Congratulationsonyourhappymarriage!祝贺你喜结良缘！[特别提醒](1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—Congratulations(congratulate)!That’sgoodnews.(2)Icongratulatemyselfonhavingchosenagoodwomantobemywife.(3)Wecongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexam.5[多词一义] preparefor，getreadyfor，makepreparationsfor，bepreparedforpreparefor为……作准备\npreparesb.sth.＝preparesth.forsb.为某人准备……bepreparedfor.../todo...准备好……preparationn.准备inpreparationfor为……作准备makepreparationsfor为……作准备—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanweneedn’tbringanythingwithus?——我已经准备好了野餐要带的各种食物。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗？(湖南，25)Justinhadopenedseveralbottlesofwineinpreparationfortheparty.贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)TheForeignMinisterwasnotpreparedforsuchquestions.(2)Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations(prepare)，theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.(3)—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—Iwouldhaveattendedit，butIwasbusypreparing(prepare)forajobinterview.(4)Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade(make)．(5)Wellprepared(prepare)forthecomingexam，hefeltquiteconfident.6[应试指导] “think＋副词＋of”在写作中的运用thinkmuch/highly/wellof重视；看重；对……高度评价bewell/highlythoughtof被……高度评价singhighpraiseof/for高度评价Igavehimsomeadvice，buthethoughtlittleofit.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。[夯实基础](1)语法填空—HowdidyoufindtheconcertinBeijingGrandTheaterlastnight?—Ithoughtlittleofit，buttheconductorperformedverywell.\n(2)同义句改写①ShewashighlythoughtofandwascalledoneoftheChinesetenfilialpietystars(中国十大孝星之一)．Highlythoughtof，shewascalledoneoftheChinesetenfilialpietystars.(用过去分词短语改写句子)②Shethoughtnothingoftravellingaroundtheworldaloneandwentonajourneyonherown.Thinkingnothingoftravellingaroundtheworldalone，shewentonajourneyonherown.(用现在分词短语改写句子)7[应试指导] insteadof连接并列结构insteadof后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、介词短语等。insteadadv.代替，可置于句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。Insteadofshoutingemptyslogans，itismoremeaningfultodonatebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.不要空喊口号，把书和运动物品捐给那些需要的孩子们会更有意义。(江苏·书面表达)[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Thisorderofyoursissmallerinsteadoflarger(large)．(2)Hewillgoinsteadofme(my)．(3)Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedidsomethinginsteadofjusttalking(talk)．(4)Theywentthereonfootinsteadofbybus.(5)Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead，heboughtausedone.8[应试指导] (1)主谓一致 (2)number前冠词的考查thenumberof...……的数量(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)表示“许多；大量”的其他表达方式：＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词agreat/goodmanyof＋(the，my等)修饰语＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词＋可数或不可数名词＋复数谓语动词＋\nAnumberofproblemshavearisen.已经出现了一些问题。Quantitiesof/Massesoffoodwereonthetable.饭桌上有许多饭菜。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwaterhavebeenpolluted(pollute)．(2)InChina，thenumberofcitiesisincreasing(increase)whosedevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.(3)Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen(arise)wheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.1Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。(1)too...to...太……而不能……(2)too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。cannotbetoo...再……也不过分(3)only/just/buttoo...to...非常……去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)(4)tooready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会……”解。(5)too...notto...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。I’llbeonlytoopleasedtobeabletodothejobforyou.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。[夯实基础]翻译句子\n(1)Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老学到老。(2)Youcannotbetoocareful.小心无过火。/你再小心也不为过。/你越小心越好。(3)Sheistooreadytogetangry.她动不动就生气。(4)Maryistoowisenottoknowit.玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。2all...not＝notall...部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，nomore，nolonger等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。Everythingisnotright.并非什么都好。Nothingcanchangehermind.没有任何东西能改变她的主意。[夯实基础]把下列半否定的句子改为全否定(1)Noteverythingshedidpleasedhim.Nothingshedidpleasedhim.(2)Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.Neitherofthemismybrother.(3)Idonotrememberallthedetails.Iremembernoneofthedetails.(4)Sheisnotalwaysexcited.Sheisneverexcited.3单元语法——用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.(2)Thenoodlesthat/whichIhadweredelicious.\n(3)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.(4)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.(5)Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.高考题组Ⅰ.短文改错(2022·辽宁)DearJeremyandAlice,Althoughwe’vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors，we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword，yourdog—Cleo.We’vecalledseveraltimeaboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.Beside，Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5o’clock.Thatistoomuchforus，consideringhowcloselythehousesare.Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill，butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.Sincerely，JackandRose答案DearJeremyandAlice,Althoughwe’vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors，we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword，yourdog—Cleo.We’vecalledseveralaboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.Itisdifficulttowhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.Theearlymorningbarkingbeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.，Cleotendstobarkaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshebarkingevenbefore5o’clock.Thatistoomuchforus，consideringhowthehousesare.\nWeappreciateapologiesandgoodwill，butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.Sincerely，JackandRoseⅡ.写作常用句翻译1．我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。(prepare)(2022·北京·情景作文)Iimmediatelywenttogethersomemedicineandthenpreparedsomenoodlesforher.2．父母不应为孩子包办一切，而应是鼓励他们克服困难，激励他们自我发展。(insteadof)(2022·福建·书面表达)Insteadofdoingeverythingforthem，parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentoovercomedifficultiesandinspirethemtodevelopbythemselves.3．我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。(burstintotears)(2022·湖北·完成句子)Idon’tknowwhatinthenovelmadehimburstintotears.4．然而，有些课文有太多难以理解的生词和短语，因此我建议把这些文章换成简单点的。(express)(2022·辽宁·书面表达)However，someofthetextshavetoomanynewwordsandexpressionswhicharehardforus.Therefore，I’dliketosuggestchangingthemintoeasierones.5．我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。(judge)(2022·大纲全国Ⅰ·书面表达)I’mwritingtoinviteyoutobeajudgeatourEnglishspeechcontesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15.模拟题组Ⅰ.语法填空1．Theyfoundthepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelesslyruined(ruin)bylongexposureinthecold，dampcellar.2．Havingtrapped(trap)intheruinsforfivedays，hecouldhardlysurvive.3．Buried(bury)inthenewspaper，Ididn’tnoticewhatwashappening.4．Upongraduationfromschool，howwellwillyoubeprepared(prepare)forthejobthatliesahead?5．Agreatnumberofchildrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquakeweresent(send)tolivewithfamiliesinothercities.6．Lilyhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwasmuchtooheavytocarry(carry)all\nthewayhome.7．—Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?—ActuallyIdidn’tlikeeitherofthem.8．I’mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositionadvertised(advertise)inyesterday’sChinaDaily.9．Maryhasaverygoodmemoryandcanremembereverythingexactlyasifithappened(happen)yesterday.10．Mariahaswrittentwonovels，bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Aftertheearthquake，thewholecitywasinruin.ruin→ruins2．Anaccidenthappened.Luckily，nobodybadlyinjured.nobody后加上was3．Luckilyforhim,hesurvivedfromthecarcrash.去掉from4．Theexpresstrainarrivedonscheduleaswasusual.去掉was5．Everywherethattheyappeared，theymetwithstrongprotests.去掉that6．TwothirdsofthepeoplediedorwasinjuredduringtheWenchuanearthquake.was→were7．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,theythoughtlittleoftheseevents，wenttobedasusualthatnight.they→who8.Believeitornot，Lily’ssisterburstintocryingwhenwewereeating.into→out或crying→tears9．Thetwoladiesareofthesameage，butitlooksasifoneweretenyearsolderthanother.than后加上the10.AftervisitingChina，mostoftheforeignfriendssaidtheywouldneverforgetthetimewhentheyhadspentinChina.when→that/which或去掉whenⅢ.写作句式升级训练Comparedwiththedriverwhohadescaped，Iamproudofmyaction.(素材来源于2022·湖北·短文写作)Comparedwiththeescapeddriver，IamproudofwhatIdid.(用过去分词作定语及what从句改写句子)
