欢迎来到英语课堂\n第八讲 定语从句\n一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句who人主语、宾语(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Andthen，howmanyadults，whonowcomplain(抱怨)aboutthelongdrivestowork，eagerlydroveforhoursatatimewhentheyfirstobtainedtheirdriver’slicenses(执照)？然而，有多少最初拿到驾照的时候是很渴望开车几个小时的成年人也抱怨开车上班时间长。\n关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句whomthat人宾语(2014·高考山东卷)FourdayslaterAnnwasstilllookingafterthedog，whomtheyhadstartedtocallRiley.四天后，安还在照看他们开始叫它Riley的狗。人或物主语、宾语、表语(不引导非限制性定语从句)①Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.②Idon’tknowtheman(that)youmentioned.\n关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句whichwhose物主语、宾语(2014·高考湖南卷)Overtheyears,I’velearnedtoironshirtsskillfully,whichgivesmeasenseofpride.几年来,我已经学会了自己娴熟的熨衣服的技巧,这使我应该感到骄傲。人或物定语①Doyouknowtheboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom/ofwhomthefather)isanengineer？②Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows)facesouth.\n(2014·高考江西卷)Amongthemanydangers________sailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.A．whichB．whatC．whereD．whenA\n二、只用that，which情况情况用法说明例句只用that的情况(1)先行词为all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等不定代词时；(2)先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修饰时；(3)先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时；(4)先行词既指人又指物时；(5)先行词被theonly，thevery修饰时。①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.\n情况用法说明例句只用which情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which；(2)由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which。MycousinTinaservesasatranslator,whichisquitepopularinsomeforeignbusinessfirms.\nB\n\n2．(2014·高考陕西卷)Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A．thatB．whichC．asD．whatA\n三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句when(＝at/on/in/duringwhich)where＝(at/inwhich)时间时间状语Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.地点地点状语(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIarrived，BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.\n关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句why＝(forwhich)温馨提示原因原因状语Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)hewaslate.(1)theway作先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是inwhich，that或省略；(2)当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(状语)比较：Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(宾语)\n关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句温馨提示当先行词是situation，stage，process,activity,case，condition等，且关系词在从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,作主语、宾语用which或that。(2014·芜湖一中模拟)Ahousebubbleisaneconomicsituationwhichoccurswhenhousepricesrisemuchtoofast.(2013·高考浙江卷)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatformwherevisitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.\n关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句温馨提示先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.\nC\n\n2．(2014·高考福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A．whoB．whenC．whichD．where解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是communityactivities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：theycangainexperienceforgrowth(in)communityactivities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。D\n四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句介词＋关系代词名(代)词＋介词＋which/whomPleasepassmethebook，thecoverofwhichisblue.数词/形容词最高级＋of＋which/whomHehastencousins，theyoungestofwhomisclever.介词(短语)＋which/whom(2014·高考天津卷)Ourclassismadeupof52students,,allofwhomarefriendlyandhardworking.我们班有52名学生,他们都很友好,学习很努力。\n介词＋关系代词介词＋which/whose＋名词①(2014·高考江西卷)Asafariparkisaparkinwhichwildanimalsarekept.南非动物园是养动物的地方。②IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.\n温馨提示(1)“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。Icanseeamountaininthedistance，onthetopofwhichstandsanoldtempledatingfromtheMingDynasty.(2)不常见的“介词＋关系副词”结构，如fromwhere，sincewhen等，意思上相当于fromthere，sincethen。①Icameherein1949，sincewhenIhavebeenengagedinthiswork.我1949年到这里，从那时起我就从事这项工作。②Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites，fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan，Korea，ThailandandIndia.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。\n(2014·高考天津卷)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，________usesitdifferently.A．allofwhichB．eachofwhichC．allofthemD．eachofthemB\n解析：考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式知，空格处需用单数名词或代词，可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use)；再根据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语，只有B项eachofwhich能作主语，由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项eachofthem，空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接，即构成buteachofthemuses，或用独立主格结构eachofthemusingitdifferently。\n五、as引导的定语从句定语从句区别例句as引导限制性定语从句(1)“thesame...that”that修饰的名词与原物是同一个；(2)“thesame...as...”as修饰的是与先行词同类型的一个东西ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.(同一个书包)ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(同类型的另一个)“such/so...as...”和“such/so...that...”结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.(定语从句)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.(状语从句)\n定语从句区别例句as引导非限制性定语从句(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，通常先行词为整个句子，意为“正如……，正像……”。as引导的从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还要插入主句中。as常用于下列习惯用语中：aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样①Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。\n定语从句区别例句as引导非限制性定语从句asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所说的那样asismentionedabove正如上面提到的asisoftenthecase情况往往是这样(2)which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,常译为“这一点,这件事”等.which从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。②Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.正如我们所预料的一样,他们赢得了比赛。③Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.天气结果很好，这超出了我的想象。\n1．(2013·高考山东卷)Thereisnosimpleanswer，________isoftenthecaseinscience.A．asB．thatC．whenD．whereA\n\n2．(2013·高考安徽卷)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012，________madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slonghelddreamscometrue.A．itB．thatC．whatD．whichD\n六、特殊定语从句分隔式定语从句插入式定语从句省略式定语从句介词＋关系副词先行词与关系词分隔关系代词与定语从句之间有插入语介词＋关系代词＋不定式fromwhere/sincewhen也可引导定语从句\n①Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。②(2015·重庆一中高三模拟)Toownacomputerinfamilies，whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago，nowbecomestrue.家里有台电脑，在20年前我们认为这是不可能的事，现在实现了。③Westoodatthetopofthehill，fromwherewecanseethetown.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。④Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.＝Thepoormanhasnohouse(that/which)hecanlivein.这个可怜的人没有房子住。\n温馨提示在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是，抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。\n①Ihavethreecars，noneofwhichisingoodcondition.(定语从句)②Ihavethreecars，butnoneofthemisingoodcondition.(并列句)③Thesuggestionthathecameupwithispractical.(定语从句,that在从句中充当宾语可省略)④Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldreadaloudeverymorning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略)\n(2014·高考重庆卷)We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A．whichB．whereC．whenD．whatA\n\n
