欢迎来到英语课堂\n第九讲 名词性从句\n一、主语从句引导词(1)that引导的从句作主语时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省去，且常用it作形式主语。①Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsistrue.＝Itistruethatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudents.②Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadmadeaseriousmistake.连接词\n引导词(2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，译成“是否”，在从句中不作成分。①Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.②Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.连接词\n引导词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等，有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。①(2014·高考湖北卷)WhatwassoimpressiveaboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbare-footed.②Whenthenewcinemawillbeopentothepublichasn’tbeenmadeclear.连接代词\n引导词when，where，why，how等，有词义，在从句中作状语。①Whyhecamelatetodayhasbeenclearnow.②WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.连接副词\nit作形式主语的句型归纳(1)It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句(5)Itisnecessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。①Itiscertainthatyoursonwilldowellinhisexam.②It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.③Itwassuggestedthatthey(should)startatonce.④IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.⑤Itisnecessarythatone(should)mastertheskillofoperatingcomputerssoastomeettheneedofajob.\nB\n\n2．(2014·高考天津卷)Ithink________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.A．whatB．thatC．whichD．whoA\n二、宾语从句引导词连接词(1)that无词义，在从句中不作成分。并且that可以省略。(2)whether，if意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分。if和whether可互换，后面直接跟ornot时用whether不用if；作介词宾语时一般用whether。①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.②Iwentinandaskedif/whethertherewasaJohnlivingthere.③Wedon’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.\n引导词连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等，有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。①(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Policehavefoundwhatappearstobethelostancientstatue.②Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.连接副词when，where，why，how等，有词义，在从句中作状语。Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.\n要点归(1)否定前移：主句的主语是第一人称单数，谓语为think，believe，suppose，expect等时，其后引导的宾语从句中若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。①Idon’tthinkIknowyou.②Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?(2)动词find,feel，think，consider，make等后有宾语补足语(形容词或名词)时，需用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.\n纳(3)在find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose等及hate，like，owe...to，take...forgranted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和seeto(表示“注意，务必”)后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.\n1．(2014·高考福建卷)Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing________you’reafraidtodo.A．thatB．whatC．howD．whether解析：考查宾语从句。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。B\n2．(2014·高考山东卷)Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.A．whereB．whatC．whichD．whyB\n三、表语从句引导词连接词(1)that无词义,在从句中不作成分。(2)whether(是否)引导表语从句时,只能用whether，而不能用if。(3)asif/asthough意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings...②Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.\n引导词连接代词连接副词who，whom，whose，which,what,whoever，whomever,whichever，whatever等,有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。(2015·四川巴蜀名校联合测试)Everyoneisdifferentandthatiswhatmakesourworldmuchbetter.when，where，why，how等，有词义，在从句中作状语。(2015·大连双基测试)—Whenchoosingfurniture，youonlyfocusonfunctionwhileIthinkmoreaboutthedesign.—That’swherewediffer.\n要点归纳主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourplan.\n温馨提示表语从句的三个易混句式This/That/Itiswhy＋结果This/That/Itisbecause＋原因Thereasonwhy...isthat...意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导的是表语从句。Thatiswhyourteacherrecommendsanotherinterestingcourseforus.意为“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。(2013·高考安徽卷)Fromspace，theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.意为“……的原因是……”,why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,that引导表语从句。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasthatitwasrainingheavily.\n1．(2014·高考四川卷)Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’s________Iwasborn.”A．whenB．howC．whyD．whereD\n2．(2014·高考江苏卷)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I’mnottoblame，mum.Iam________youhavemademe.A．howB．whatC．thatD．whoB\n四、同位语从句引导词要点归纳大多由that引导，也可以由which，what，whether，how，when，where等引导。①Ihadnoideawhohadstolenthemoney.②Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestotheplanornot.(1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，一般放在fact，news,idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief,thought，doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对名词作进一步的解释。Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudythatchildren’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.\n要点归纳(2)suggestion，advice，request，order等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。Hissuggestionthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblemwasadopted.(3)分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”,常常将谓语提到从句前面,形成分隔式同位语从句。MywishwillcometrueonedaythatIshouldbuyabighouseformyparents.\nB\n解析：考查同位语从句引导词的选择。句意：——昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？——是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)所在，故B项正确。\nB\n\n五、that和what引导名词性从句引导词句法功能词义省略情况thatwhat不作任何句子成分无词义引导宾语从句有时可以省略可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语什么，……的事情不能省略\n\n1．(2014·高考浙江卷)“Everytimeyoueatasweet，drinkgreentea.”Thisis________mymotherusedtotellme.A．whatB．howC．thatD．whetherA\n2．(2013·高考山东卷)It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A．whatB．whoseC．whichD．thatD\n
