欢迎来到英语课堂\n第十讲 并列句和状语从句\n一、并列连词和并列句常见并列连词表示并列关系表示选择关系表示递进关系and(和，同，又)，both...and...(两者都……)，aswellas(也，同)or/orelse(否则)，otherwise(否则)，either...or...(或者……或者……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)and(而且)，notonly...butalso...(不但……而且……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)\n表示转折关系表示因果关系表示对比关系温馨提示but(但是)，yet(然而)，still(仍然)，however(然而)，nevertheless(尽管如此)so(所以)，for(因为)while(而)although/though不能与but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。Although/Thoughwehavegrownup，ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.＝Wehavegrownup，butourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.\n\n1．(2014·高考北京卷)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother，________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.A．soB．orC．forD．butA\n\n2．(2014·高考天津卷)Givemeachance，________I’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.A．ifB．orC．andD．whileC\n3．(2013·高考重庆卷)It’snoteasytochangehabits，________withawarenessandselfcontrol，itispossible.A．forB．orC．butD．soC\n二、时间状语从句1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，常用于beabouttodo...when...;bedoing...when...;hadjustdone...when...;beonthepointofdoing...when...等结构中。\nwhileas从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……；一边……；随着……”，从句谓语一般为延续性动词。\n\n2．before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在……之前；还未……就……；才……；还没来得及……就……Itwill(not)be＋一段时间＋before...(没有)过……时间才……Itwasnotlongbefore...不久……就……Itwas＋一段时间＋before...过了……才……\n连词词义常用句式since自从……以来Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)Itwas＋一段时间＋since...(从句用过去完成时)\n(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.但他不满足于简单地在这些东西消失之前把他们录制下来。②Asisreported，itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。\n③Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehesmoked.自从他戒烟已经三年了。④Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。\n\n①ThemomentIheardthevoice，Iknewfatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。②Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。③Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.＝Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.他刚结束演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。\n4．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(1)until与till引导的时间状语从句until/till意为“直到……时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到……才”。\n(2)every/eachtime，nexttime，thefirsttime，whenever等引导的时间状语从句。(3)bythetime引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。①Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties，theycametohelpus.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。②Bythetimeyoucomeback，wewillhavefinishedthejob.当你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作了。\n1．(2014·高考江西卷)Itwasthemiddleofthenight________myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.A．thatB．asC．whichD．whenD\n2．(2014·高考陕西卷)Theyoungcouple，whoreturnedmylostwallet，left________Icouldaskfortheirnames.A．whileB．beforeC．afterD．sinceB\n三、让步状语从句让步状语从句although；though；evenif/though(即使)；whether...or(not)．..(不管……还是……)；while(尽管)；疑问词＋ever/＝nomatter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)①Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant，it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.②WhileIalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam，IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.\n温馨提示(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序，though在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序。as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。①Tryashemight，hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.②(2014·高考江苏卷)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture，thoughhistorycannotbechanged.(2)though还可作副词单独置于句末，意为“但是，可是不过”。It’shardwork，Ienjoyitthough.(3)whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句。Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodowhateverhelpstosolvetheproblemofunemployment.\nC\n\n2．(2013·高考山东卷)________Ihavetogiveaspeech，IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.A．WhateverB．WheneverC．WhoeverD．However解析：句意：每当我必须演讲时，在开始前，我都变得非常紧张。whatever“任何事物，一切事物；无论怎样”，引导名词性从句或让步状语从句；whenever“每当；无论什么时候”，引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句；whoever“……的人；无论是谁，不管是谁”引导名词性从句或让步状语从句；however“不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句。故只有whenever符合句意。B\n四、条件状语从句、原因状语从句与地点状语从句从句类型引导词例句条件状语从句if；unless(除非，如果不)；so(as)longas(只要);once；incase(万一)；onconditionthat(条件是)；supposing/suppose(that)(假设；如果);provided/providing(that)(如果)①(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Unlesssomeextramoneyisfound,thetheatrewillclose.②(2014·高考广东卷)Aslongasthereiskindnessandvirtue，theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.③Oncetheydecidewhichcollegetogoto，studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.\n从句引导词例句原因状语从句because；since；as；now(that)；seeing/considering(that)(考虑到；既然)①—Mum，couldIgoouttoplaynow？—Letmesee...Yes，sinceyouhavefinishedallyourschoolassignments.②As/Nowthateverybodyishere，let’sbeginourdiscussion.③Hemustbeill，forheisabsenttoday.\n从句引导词例句地点状语从句where；wherever①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.②Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.③Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.(地点状语从句)④Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)\n1．(2014·高考湖南卷)Youwillnevergainsuccess______youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.A．whenB．becauseC．afterD．unlessD\n2．(2014·高考四川卷)I’llbeoutforsometime.________anythingimportanthappens，callmeupimmediately.A．IncaseB．AsifC．EventhoughD．NowthatA\n3．(2014·高考重庆卷)Halfanhourlater，Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi________thebushaddroppedher.A．untilB．whenC．althoughD．whereD\n五、目的状语从句、结果状语从句与方式状语从句从句引导词例句目的状语从句sothat；inorderthat；incase(以防)；forfearthat(唯恐，以免)①Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.②Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.\n从句引导词例句结果状语从句方式状语从句sothat；so...that；such...that①ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotherapresentonMother’sDay.②Jackissohonestaworker/suchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.③Hegotsolittlemoneythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfare.asif/though，as①Thehousewasgreatlydamagedbythetruck.We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive.②Theoldmantreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.\nD\n\n
