绝密★启用前重庆缙云教育联盟2021-2022学年（上）年度考试高二英语注意：本试卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，所有答案必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡中相应的位置。第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，所有答案必须填在答题卷的相应位置。答案写在试卷上均无效，不予记分。一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AAWanted,SomeoneforaKissWe'relookingforproducerstojoinusonthesoundofLondonKiss100FM．You'llworkonthestation'smusicprogrammes.Musicproductionexperienceinradioisnecessary,alongwithrichknowledgeofmoderndancemusic.PleaseapplyinwritingtoProducerVacancies,Kiss100．FatherChristmasWe'relookingforaveryspecialperson,preferablyover40，tofillourFatherChristmassuit.Workingdays：EverySaturdayfromNovember24toDecember15andeverydayfromDecember17toDecember24exceptSundays,10：30-16：00．Excellentpay.PleasecontacttheEnterpriseShoppingCentre,StationParade,Eastbourne.AccountantsAssistantWhenyoujointheteaminourRevenueAdministrationUnit,youwillbeprovidingassistancewithinallpartsoftheRevenueDivision,dealingwithpostandothergeneralduties.IfyouareeducatedtoGCSEgradeClevelwewouldliketotalktoyou.Thispositionisequallysuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasofficeexperience.WealdenDistrictCouncilSoftwareTrainerIfyouareaged2445andhaveexperienceinteachingandtraining,youcouldbethe24,绝密★启用前重庆缙云教育联盟2021-2022学年（上）年度考试高二英语注意：本试卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，所有答案必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡中相应的位置。第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，所有答案必须填在答题卷的相应位置。答案写在试卷上均无效，不予记分。一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AAWanted,SomeoneforaKissWe'relookingforproducerstojoinusonthesoundofLondonKiss100FM．You'llworkonthestation'smusicprogrammes.Musicproductionexperienceinradioisnecessary,alongwithrichknowledgeofmoderndancemusic.PleaseapplyinwritingtoProducerVacancies,Kiss100．FatherChristmasWe'relookingforaveryspecialperson,preferablyover40，tofillourFatherChristmassuit.Workingdays：EverySaturdayfromNovember24toDecember15andeverydayfromDecember17toDecember24exceptSundays,10：30-16：00．Excellentpay.PleasecontacttheEnterpriseShoppingCentre,StationParade,Eastbourne.AccountantsAssistantWhenyoujointheteaminourRevenueAdministrationUnit,youwillbeprovidingassistancewithinallpartsoftheRevenueDivision,dealingwithpostandothergeneralduties.IfyouareeducatedtoGCSEgradeClevelwewouldliketotalktoyou.Thispositionisequallysuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasofficeexperience.WealdenDistrictCouncilSoftwareTrainerIfyouareaged2445andhaveexperienceinteachingandtraining,youcouldbethe24,personwearelookingfor.Youshouldbegoodatthecomputerandhavesomeexperienceinprogrammewriting.Youwillbeallowedtomakeyourowndecisions,andtodesigncoursesaswellaspresentthem.Payupwardsof￡15，000fortherightperson.PleaseapplybysendingyourCV（简历）toMrsR．Oglivie,PalmlaceLimited.1.WelearnfromtheadsthattheEnterpriseShoppingCentreneedsapersonwho______.A.isagedbetween24and40B.maydosometrainingworkC.shoulddealwithgeneraldutiesD.canworkforaboutamonth2.Whichpositionisopentorecentschoolgraduates？______A.Producer,LondonKiss.B.FatherChristmas.C.AccountantsAssistant.D.SoftwareTrainer.3.WhatkindofpersonwouldprobablyapplytoPalmlaceLimited？______A.OnewithGCSEgradeClevel.B.Onewithsomeofficeexperience.C.Onehavinggoodcomputerknowledge.D.Onetrainedinproducingmusicprogrammes.BTheMacArthurFoundationlatelastmonthannounceditslatestcropof"geniusgrants"，andonceagainyouthoughtmaybe,justmaybe,thiswasyouryear.Andwhynot？Thesedays,we'reallgeniuses.Wemightbe"marketinggeniuses"or"cookinggeniuses"or"TVgeniuses".Wehavesoweakened"genius"thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof"natural"and"mindful"（留心），wordsleftinactivethroughoveruseandmisuse.Admittedly,thewordistoughtonaildown.Sometimesweassumegeniusequivalenttorawintelligence.Butmanyofhumanity'sgreatestbreakthroughswereachievedbythosewithonlymodestIQs.Sometimeswethinkofthegeniusassomeoneextremelyknowledgeable,butthat24,definitionalsofallsshort.DuringAlbertEinstein'stime,otherscientistsknewmorephysicsthanEinsteindid,buthistorydoesn'trememberthem.That'sbecausetheydidn'tmakeuseofthatknowledgethewayEinsteindid.Theyweren'tableto,asheputit,"regardoldquestionsfromanewangle".Thegeniusisnotaknow-it-allbutasee-it-all,someonewho,workingwiththematerialavailabletoallofus,isabletomakesurprisingandusefulconnections.Truegeniusinvolvesnotmerelyanextraadvance,butaconceptualleap.AsphilosopherArthurSchopenhauerputit：Talenthitsthetargetnooneelsecanhit；geniushitsthetargetnooneelsecansee.We'velostsightofthistruth,andtoooftengrantthetitleofgeniusontalentedpeoplehittingvisibletargets.Agoodexampleisthemuch-boastedannouncementearlierthisyearthatscientistshad,forthefirsttime,recordedthesoundoftwoblackholesbumping,abillionlight-yearsaway.Itwasaremarkablediscovery,nodoubt,butitdidnotrepresentadramaticshiftinhowweunderstandtheuniverse.ItmerelyconfirmedEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.AsPlatoobserved,"Whatishonoredinacountryiscultivatedthere."Whatdowehonor？Digitaltechnology,andtheconvenienceitrepresents,sonaturallywegetaSteveJobsoraMarkZuckerbergasour"geniuses"，which,inpointoffact,theyaren't.TheiPhoneandFacebookarewonderfulinventions.Inmanyways,theymakeourlivesabiteasier,abitmoreconvenient.Ifanything,though,atruegeniusmakesourlivesmoredifficult,moreunsettled.WilliamShakespeare'swordsprovidemoreanxietythanrelief,andtheworldfeltabitmoresecurebeforeCharlesDarwincamealong.ZuckerbergandJobsmayhavechangedourworld,buttheyhaven'tyetchangedourworldview.Weneedtorecovergenius,andagoodplacetostartisbyputtingthebrakesonGeniusFlooding.1.Thekeyfactorthatsetsgeniusesandtalentsapartisthat______.A.geniuseshavealargerrangeofknowledgeB.geniuseshaveaccesstofarmoreresources24,C.geniusescanseevisibletargetsD.geniusesapproachthingsdifferently1.ThereasonswhypeoplenaturallyregardSteveJobs&MarkZuckerbergasgeniusesincludeallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.A.theirachievementsbringpeopleconvenienceB.theyhaveextraordinaryintelligenceC.theyarenativetothecountrywheredigitaltechnologyishighlyvaluedD.theysatisfypeople'sneedsintheageofhightechnology2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.Weshouldstoptheimproperuseof"natural"and"mindful".B.Thefirstrecordingoftwoblackholesbumpingeachotherisageniusbreakthrough.C.CharlesDarwinishardlyagenius.D.Moregeniusesremaintobefoundinourlife.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？______A.Getanewword,genius.B.Learnfromanewmodel,genius.C.Joininanewgroup,genius.D.Makeanewfriend,genius.CLondonersaregreatreaders.Theybuyvastnumbersofnewspapersandmagazinesandofbooks---especiallypaperbacks,whicharestillcomparativelycheapinspiteofever-increasingrisesinthecostsofprinting.Theystillcontinuetobuy"proper"books,too,printedongoodpaperandbound（装订）betweenhardcovers.TherearemanystreetsinLondoncontainingshopswhichspecializeinbook-selling.PerhapsthebestknownoftheseisCharringCrossRoadintheveryheartofLondon.Herebookshopsofallsortsandsizesaretobefound,fromthecelebratedonewhichboastsofbeing"thebiggestbookshopintheworld"tothetiny,dustylittleplaceswhichseemtohavebeenleftoverfromDickens'time.Someoftheseshopsstock,orwillobtain,anykindofbook,butmanyofthemspecializeinsecond-handbooks,inart24,books,inforeignbooks,inbooksonphilosophy,politicsoranyotherofthecountlesssubjectsaboutwhichbooksmaybewritten.Oneshopinthisareaspecializesonlyinbooksaboutballet!AlthoughitmaybethemostconvenientplaceforLondonerstobuybooks,CharringCrossRoadisnotthecheapest.Forthereallycheapsecond-handbooks,thecollectormustventureoffthebeatentrack，toFarringdonRoad,forexample,intheEastCentraldistrictofLondon.Herethereisnothingsoimpressiveasbookshops.Thebooksellerscomealongeachmorningandpourouttheirsacksofbooksontosmallhandcarts.Andthecollectors,someprofessionalsandsomeamateurs,havebeenwaitingforthem.Inplaceslikethistheycanstill,occasionally,pickupforafewpenceanoldonethatmaybeworthmanypounds.1."Londonersaregreatreaders"meansthat______.A.LondonersreadalotB.ThereareagreatnumberofreadersinLondonC.LondonersarereaderswhoreadonlygreatbooksD.Londonersaregreatbecausetheyreadalot2.Accordingtothispassage,CharringCrossRoad______.A.isfamousforitsbookshopsB.isinthesuburbsofLondonC.containsvariouskindsofshopsD.isthebusieststreetinLondon3.Inthispassage,whatdoestheunderlinedpart"ventureoffthebeatentrack"mean？______A.buybooksinamostbusystreetB.takeariskoflosingone'slifeC.wastetimelookingforbooksD.moveawayfromabusystreet4.OnFarringdonRoad,______.A.youcanfindfinebookshopsforthelatestbooksB.youcanseebooksellerssellingbooksonhand-carts24,C.thereareonlysmallbookshopsforthesecond-handbooksD.thesamebooksastheonesinthebookshopsofCharringCrossRoadaresoldDBeessee,beesdo.Atleastthat'stheconclusionofresearchpublishedearlierthismonthinthejournalPLOSBiology,showingthatbumblebeeslearntosolveproblemsbywatchingeachother.Inthefirststudyofitskindininsects,scientistsconstructedexperimentsthatchallengedbeestopullstringsinordertoaccessrewardsofnectar（花蜜）.Thescientistshopedtheirstudywouldthrowlightonabiggerpicture：howsociallearningspreadsthroughapopulation.Inthestudy,LarsChittkafromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonandhisteammadeartificialflowersandfilledthemwithartificialnectarmadeofsugarwater.Theyputtheflowersunderacleartypeofplasticandattachedastring.Thentheyaddedbees.Whilemostoftheinsectsfailedtoreachthenectar,afeweventuallyfiguredouthowtoaccessit,bypullingthestring.Theteamdiscoveredthattheycouldgreatlyincreasethesuccessrateofthebeesbyfirstplacingtheminsideatransparent（透明的）boxwheretheycouldobserveanexperiencedbeepullthestring.Then,whentheboxedbeeswerereleased,theyoftenknewwhattodoandsuccessfullypulledthestringtoobtainnectar.Next,theresearchersaddedabeethatwasexperiencedinstringpullingtoeachofthreenewgroupsthathadneverseentheexperimentbefore.Withinashorttime,abouthalfofallthosebeesweresoonpullingthestrings.Thatresultsuggeststhelearnedbehaviorcouldspreadfrombeetobee,similartothewayculturalideasspreadinotheranimals,includingpeople.Theexperimentsuggeststhatsociallearningmaybemorewidespreadintheanimalkingdomthanpeoplepreviouslythought.1.Whathappenedafterthebeepulledthestring？______24,A.Itgotnectar.B.Itfoundwater.C.Itjoinedothers.D.Itsawflowers.1.Whatdidtheboxedbeesdoafterbeingsetfree？______A.Theyflewbacktothebox.B.Theyflewdirectlytotherewards.C.Theyimitated（模仿）theexperiencedbee.D.Theywatchedtheexperiencedbeework.2.Whywasanexperiencedbeeaddedtonewbeegroups？______A.Tokeepthebees'interest.B.Tocarrytheexperimentfurther.C.Towatchtheprocessofstringpulling.D.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.3.Whatdoesthestudyfind？______A.Mostanimalscreatetheirowncultures.B.Stringsareparticularlyattractivetobees.C.Animalsmayhavegoodsociallearningability.D.Bumblebeesmaybesmarterthanotherbeespecies.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Whatisculture？Cultureistoocomplextodefineinsimpleterms.(1)Oneisthatcultureisatotalpatternofbehaviourthatisconsistentinitscomponents.Anotherfundamentalisthatcultureislearnedbehaviour.Thethirdisthatcultureisbehaviourthatissharedbyagroupofpeople.Tounderstandthecultureofaparticularcountryorregion,onecouldexamineitscomponents,amongwhicharematerialculture,language,andsocialorganization.Materialcultureincludesthetoolsandsymbolsinasociety,notincludingthosephysicalthingsfoundinnature,unlesstheyhaveundergonesomechangeorhavebeengivenmeaningbypeople.(2)Thewayweconsumeandwhatweconsumeareheavilyinfluencedbymaterialculture.(3)Linkedwithallotheraspectsofculture,itreflectsthenatureandvaluesofthat24,culture.Industrializedsocietieshavearichvocabularyforcommercialandindustrialactivities,whilelessindustrializedsocietiesmayhaverichervocabulariesformattersimportanttotheirsocieties.TheEskimosinAlaskahavemanywordstodescribesnowwhereasEnglishhasonlyonegeneralterm.Socialorganizationdifferssomewhatfromsocietytosociety.Theprimarykindofcommunityassociationisbasedonbloodties.(4)Itprovidesmutualprotection,psychologicalsupportandakindofeconomicinsuranceorsocialsecurityforitsmembers.Theterm"brothers"inZaireincludesthosewhomwecallcousinsanduncles.Culturalanalysisservesavarietyofpurposes.Understandingthevariousdimensionsandtheirinter-relatednesshelpspromotecross-culturalawareness.(5)A.Languageisthemostobviousdifferencebetweencultures.B.Somescholarsevensuggestthatitisuselesstotry.C.Thevaluesrepresentedwithinaculturecanalsochangewiththepassingoftime.D.However,therearecertainagreed-onfundamentalsthatcanbeeasilyidentified.E.Inmanydevelopingcountries,theextendedfamilyfulfilsseveralsocialandeconomicroles.F.Forexample,amouserunningonastreetisnotpartofaculture,buttheMickeyMouseis.G.Itleadsontothepromotionofgoodwill,socialandeconomicplanningandharmonybetweensocialgroupingsorsocieties.1. A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G2. A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G3. A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G4. A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G5. A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）24,"Inoticedsomething,"myfriendAshleysaid."Yourbookshelfis(21)."Inoddedabsently.Icouldfeelmybestfriendstaringatmewith(22)."I'mlookingatyouronlinebookshelfrightnow.It'sclearofbooksthisyear.Why？"sheasked."IwishIcouldread,"Ireplied,(23)themanyhoursI'dspenthelpingsomeonewiththeircomputerorbrowsing（浏览）onlinenewsarticles(24)readingnovels."Butwho'sgoingto(25)funbookstome？"Ashleyasked,soundingshocked."Youalwaysweremybookbuddy（朋友）.WhenIgothomethatday,Ideletedacalendareventthatwassupposedtohappenat9：00pmandtypedintothedescriptionbox,"Readanovel."Whenthetimeforthe(26)eventcame,Ifeltsoguilty（内疚的）thatI(27)toturnontheaudiobook.With(28)，though,IfinallypressedPlayandsankintoacozyyoung-adultnovel.Isoon(29)andnoticedthatIwasreallyenjoyingmyself.Istartedclearingmycalendarformyself.EachtimeIput"(30)time"inmycalendar,Ifeltreallyhappy.Whenitcametimeto(31)forthesecondnight,itwas(32)thanthepreviousnight.Ieventurnedoffmyphoneandsankintobedwithheadphoneson.ThenI(33)myphoneandcalledAshleytotellherthatIhad(34)alotofupcomingappointments.Shewas(35)."That'sreallygreat.I'mgladtohavemybookbuddyback."1. A.prettyB.tidyC.largeD.empty2. A.respectB.prideC.concernD.fear3. A.accountingforB.thinkingaboutC.dependingonD.dividingup4. A.insteadofB.becauseofC.apartfromD.alongwith5. A.writeB.recommendC.transportD.award6. A.originalB.popularC.commonD.formal7. A.expectedB.promisedC.hesitatedD.forgot8. A.joyB.determinationC.accessD.support9. A.survivedB.agreedC.relaxedD.repeated24,1. A.personalB.hardC.valuableD.limited2. A.sleepB.helpC.readD.reflect3. A.longerB.easierC.earlierD.quicker4. A.escapedfromB.lookedforC.pointedtoD.turnedon5. A.finishedB.fixedC.canceledD.missed6. A.excitedB.confusedC.anxiousD.ambitious四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）7.Lastspring,FionaPresley,alibraryassistantfromScottishHighlandscameacrossasurprisingphenomenonshewouldneverforget.Whiletakingcareofhergarden,she(1)（spot）abumblebee（大黄蜂）queencrawlingaround.Whatsurprisedhermostwasthattheanimalhadnowings,(2)madeitunabletofly.Thebumblebeemayhavebeenaffectedbyavirusinwingdevelopment.Theinsecthadveryslim(3)（chance）ofsurvival,butthiskind-heartedwomancametotherescue.Fionacreatedabeautifulminigardenforthehelplessanimalandtreatedit(4)somesugarwater.Whenitwassunny.Fionatookitoutfor(5)walkandprotectedtheinsectfromheavyrainbytakingitindoors.Soonenoughthebeautifulfriendshipunfoldedbetween(6)（they）．EverytimeFionastoppedbythegarden,hertinynewfriendwouldturnup(7)（greet）her.Thebeecuddled（依偎）withthewomanandseemedtolightupwhenFionawasholdingitinherhands.Theearthbumblebeeshaveanaveragelifespanofonly18weeks,(8)Fionawastakingcareofhernewfriendsowellthatitlivedmuchlonger.(9)（sad），thefriendshipcouldn'tlastforeversincethebeeeventuallypassedaway,(10)（leave）abeautifulmemorytoitsrescuer.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)24,(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）1.有些学生很苦恼自己父母总在网上晒他/她的照片。你对此持有什么看法？请写下你的观点，以此参加本校英语校报的征文活动。内容包括：1.支持或反对"晒娃照片"；2.用2至3个理由支撑你的观点。3.帮助他们想出解决问题的方法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.第一句已给出。Whileitiscommonforparentstoposttheirchildren'sphotosonlinenowadays,somestudentsaroundmeareanxiousaboutit._______2.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Benwasawakenedbyagunshot（枪声）.Helookedouttowardthefrozenlake.Nearthetreeshesawashiningpieceofmetal.Whenitmoved,Bensawthatitwasalonggun.Aminutelateramanwearinghuntingclothescameoutofthewoods.Suddenlyabirdflewupward.Themanquicklyputtheguntohisshoulderandshot.Benwatchedthebird,prayingithadnotbeenhurt.Itflewnearthegroundandwentintosometallbushes.Safe,Benthought.Thehunterdidn'tmoveforamoment.Thenhebegantofollowthebird."Nohunting!"Benshouted,"Nohuntingonmyproperty!"Themancalledback,"wherecanIhunt？"Benhadjustfinishedputtingonhisclotheswhenheheardanothergunshot.Hewalkedtowardthelake.Fightwasthelastthinghewanted,butthemanmustgo.Suddenlyheheardabird'swingsbeatingthedrygrass.Benmovedquicklytowardsthesound.Hesawacoloredhead...theheadofabeautifulbird.Thebirdflappeditswings,oneofwhichwasbrokencompletely.Benliftedthebirdandhelditcloseagainsthisbody.Itfoughttoescape,butsoonlay24,quietlyinBen'sarms.Bendecidedtotakethebirdhomeandfixitsbrokenwingsothatitcouldflyagain.Hewasalmostthroughthewoodswhenheheardthehunterbehindhim."Youjustfindthatbird？thehunterasked,steppingcloserandsaid,"Givemethatbird!""Yougetoffmyhand,"Bentoldhim.Theman'sfacegotred,"Mister,"hesaid,"Ihavebeenhuntinghereallmylife.Igrewuphere."Benlookedintothehunter'sgrayeyes,hisvoiceraised,"IdonotknowwhoyouareandIdonotcare.IownthisplaceandIamtellingyoutoleave!""Nowlook,mister,"thehunterinsisted,"bereasonable."Heraisedhisgun.AcoldwindblewacrossBen'sface.Hefeltachill（寒冷）godownhisspine（脊背）.Hecouldstillgivethebirdtothehunterandreturnhomesafe.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；Para.1Thebirdstruggledweaklyandmadeawild,strangenoise.__________Para.2Benwatcheduntilhewasgoneandwenttothehouse.__________答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】C【解析】21．D．细节理解题．根据第二则广告Workingdays：EverySaturdayfromNovember24toDecember15andeverydayfromDecember17toDecember24exceptSundays,10：30-16：00．可知他需要的人的工作时间大约是1个月，因此D项正确．22．C．细节理解题．根据第三则广告最后2行Thispositionisequallysuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasofficeexperience.可知助理会计这一职位比较适合那些有办公室经验的毕业生．因此C项正确．23．C．细节理解题．根据第四则广告的Youshouldbegoodatthecomputerandhavesomeexperienceinprogrammewriting.可知要想申请在 Palmlace Limited的工作，应聘者应该有电脑方面的知识以及要有编程方面的经验，因此C项正确．本文介绍了四则广告，以及广告所招聘的人员的具体要求和信息．本文介绍了四则广告，以及广告所招聘的人员的具体要求和信息．文本所给信息非常丰富，要求考生从中选出适合题目要求的信息．解此类题目时，考生可以先阅读题目和选项，了解具体要求，然后再仔细阅读文章，认真筛选甄别，这样的阅读就有的放矢，可以大大提高阅读的速度和效率．4.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】A【解析】（1）C．细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Thegeniusisnotaknow-it-allbutasee-it-all,someonewho,workingwiththematerialavailabletoallofus,isabletomakesurprisingandusefulconnections.24,（天才不是无所不知的人，而是能看到一切的人，他们利用我们所有人都能得到的材料，能够建立令人惊讶和有用的联系。）"和第五段"AsphilosopherArthurSchopenhauerputit：Talenthitsthetargetnooneelsecanhit；geniushitsthetargetnooneelsecansee.（正如哲学家阿瑟•叔本华所说：天赋达到了别人无法达到的目标；天才达到了别人看不到的目标。）"可知，天才与天赋区别开来的关键因素是，天才能看到看得见的目标。故选C。（2）B．细节理解题。根据文章第七段"AsPlatoobserved,"Whatishonoredinacountryiscultivatedthere."Whatdowehonor？Digitaltechnology,andtheconvenienceitrepresents,sonaturallywegetaSteveJobsoraMarkZuckerbergasour"geniuses"，which,inpointoffact,theyaren't.（正如柏拉图所说，"一个国家会培养他们引以为傲的东西"。我们以何为傲？数字技术以及它所带来的便利让我们很自然地赋予乔布斯或马克•扎克伯格"天才"的称号，但实际上，他们不是）"可知，A、C、D都有所提到，B"他们有非凡的智力"在原文中没有体现。故选B。（3）A．推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Wehavesoweakened"genius"thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof"natural"and"mindful"（留心），wordsleftinactivethroughoveruseandmisuse.（我们因为过度使用和误用，"天才"这个词很快和"纯天然"、"正念"这样的词一样，被削弱了词义，失去了原有的深度。）"可推断，我们应该停止对"纯天然"和"正念"的不当使用。故选A。（4）A．标题判断题。根据文章第二段"Wehavesoweakened"genius"thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof"natural"and"mindful"（留心），wordsleftinactivethroughoveruseandmisuse.（我们因为过度使用和误用，"天才"这个词很快和"纯天然"、"正念"这样的词一样，被削弱了词义，失去了原有的深度。）"根据第六段"We'velostsightofthistruth,andtoooftengrantthetitleofgeniusontalentedpeoplehittingvisibletargets."（我们已丢失了"天才"这个词所蕴含的真谛，太过频繁地将"天才"这一头衔授予那些实现了看得见目标的有才之人）根据最后一段"Weneedtorecovergenius,andagoodplacetostartisbyputtingthebrakesonGeniusFlooding."（我们需要收回"天才"这个词，而一个不错的开端就是限制对这个词的滥用。）由此可知，短文的最佳标题为"重新定义天才"。故选A。本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了何为"天才"24,，这个词已经被滥用，需要重新定义。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。8.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】B【解析】答案：1-4AADB1．A 句意推测题．根据文章大意及第一段Theybuyvastnumbersofnewspapersandmagazinesandofbooks及They still continue to buy"proper"books可知伦敦人会买大量的报纸、杂志和书，由此可以推测出伦敦人喜欢阅读．故选A．2．A 细节理解题．根据文章第二段There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling.PerhapsthebestknownoftheseisCharringCrossRoadintheveryheartofLondon.可知此地以它的书店而出名．故选A．3．D 词义推测题．AlthoughitmaybethemostconvenientplaceforLondonerstobuybooks,CharringCrossRoadisnotthecheapest.可知在CharringCrossRoad买书很方便，但是书不便宜，要想买便宜的二手书需要venture off the beaten track,应该指的是离开这个繁忙地带，故选D．4．B 细节理解题．根据第三段的"Thebooksellerscomealongeachmorningandpourouttheirsacksofbooksontosmallhandcarts."可知在你可以看到售书人在手推车上卖书，故选B．文章主要讲述伦敦人都爱读书，伦敦市区到处是书店，从出名的书店到街边小推车都是一些买书的好地方．a阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．12.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】C24,【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段中"scientists constructed experiments that challenged bees to pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar.（科学家们做了一些实验，让蜜蜂拉动绳子以获得作为奖励的花蜜）可知，蜜蜂可以通过拉动绳子获得花蜜。故选A项。（2）C.细节理解题。根据第六段中"The team discovered that they could greatly increase the success rate of the bees by first placing theminside a transparent （透明的） box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string（研究小组发现，首先把它们放在一个透明的盒子里，在那里它们可以观察到有经验的蜜蜂拉绳子，这样可以大大提高蜜蜂的成功率） "第七段中"Then,when the boxedbees were released,they often knew what to do and successfully pulled the string to obtain nectar.（然后，当盒子里的蜜蜂被释放时，它们通常知道该做什么，并成功地拉动绳子获得花蜜）"可知，盒子里的蜜蜂被放出来后，成功地模仿有经验的蜜蜂获得了花蜜。故选C项。（3）B.推理判断题。根据第八段"Next,the researchers added a bee that was experienced in string puling to each of three new groups that hadnever seen the experiment before.Within a short time,about half of all those bees were soon pulling the strings.That result suggests thelearned behavior could spread fom bee to bee,similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals,including people.（接下来，研究人员将一只有拉线经验的蜜蜂加入到之前从未见过这个实验的三个新组中。在很短的时间内，大约一半的蜜蜂很快就开始拉绳子。这一结果表明，习得的行为可以在蜜蜂之间传播，这与文化观念在包括人类在内的其他动物中传播的方式类似）"可推知，研究人员将有拉线经验的蜜蜂加入新组的目的是为了进行进一步的研究，看看习得的行为是否可以在蜜蜂之间传播。故选B项。（4）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"The experiment suggests that social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom thanpeople previously thought24,（实验表明，社会学习在动物王国中可能比人们之前认为的更普遍。可知，研究表示动物可能具有良好的社会学习能力。故选C项。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过试验发现，蜜蜂可知通过观察来学习解决问题的能力，这表明习得的行为可以在蜜蜂之间传播，社会学习行为在动物王国中可能远超人们以往的认知。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】F【小题3】A【小题4】E【小题5】G【解析】（1）D.联系下文题。根据下文 Oneisthatcultureisatotalpatternofbehaviourthatisconsistentinitscomponents.Anotherfundamentalisthatcultureislearnedbehaviour.Thethirdisthatcultureisbehaviourthatissharedbyagroupofpeople.可知，一，文化是行为的整体模式，它的组成部分是一致的。另一个基本原则是，文化是后天习得的行为。第三，文化是一群人共有的行为。故空格处应与文化的基本原则有关。D项意为"然而，在某些基本原则上是可以轻易确定的"，引出下文，符合语境。故选D。（2）F.细节理解题。根据上文Materialcultureincludesthetoolsandsymbolsinasociety,notincludingthosephysicalthingsfoundinnature,unlesstheyhaveundergonesomechangeorhavebeengivenmeaningbypeople.可知，物质文化包括社会中的工具和符号，不包括那些在自然界中发现的物质，除非它们经历了一些变化或被人们赋予了意义。故空格处应与被定义为物质文化的事物有关。F项意为"例如，一只在街上跑的老鼠不是文化的一部分，但是米老鼠是"。承接上文，符合语境。故选F。（3）A.联系下文题。根据下文Linkedwithallotheraspectsofculture,itreflectsthenatureandvaluesofthatculture.Industrialisedsocietieshavearichvocabularyforcommercialandindustrialactivities,whilelessindustrialisedsocietiesmayhaverichervocabulariesformattersimportanttotheirsocieties.24,可知，它与文化的所有其他方面相联系，反映了文化的性质和价值。工业化社会在商业和工业活动上有丰富的词汇，工业化较弱的社会在对其社会重要的事情上可能有更丰富的词汇。故空格处应与文化中涉及词汇的一个层面有关。A项意为"语言是文化最明显的区别"，引出下文，符合语境。故选A。（4）E.联系上文题。根据上文 Theprimarykindofcommunityassociationisbasedonbloodties 和下文 Itprovidesmutualprotection,psychologicalsupport,andakindofeconomicinsuranceorsocialsecurityforitsmembers.可知，最主要的一种社区关联是以血缘关系为基础的。它为成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。故空格处应与有血缘关系的社区关联有关。E项意为"在许多发展中国家，大家庭扮演着多种社会和经济角色。"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。（5）G.联系上文题。根据上文 Understandingthevariousdimensionsandtheirinter-relatednesshelpspromotecross-culturalawareness.可知，了解各方面及其相互关系有助于促进跨文化意识。故空格处应与了解这些的好处有关。G项意为"它促进善意、社会和经济规划以及社会团体或社会之间的和谐"，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。本文为夹叙夹议文。本文论述了从三个方面论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析文化有何好处。关于七选五的做题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。21.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】A【小题5】B【小题6】A【小题7】C【小题8】B【小题9】C【小题10】C【小题11】C【小题12】B【小题13】D【小题14】C【小题15】A24,【解析】（1）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.pretty漂亮的；B.tidy整洁的；C.large大的；D.empty空的。根据下一段"It'sclearofbooksthisyear."可知，书架是空的。故选D项。（2）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.respect尊敬；B.pride骄傲；C.concern关心；D.fear恐惧。根据下一段朋友问的问题""I'm looking at your online bookshelf right now.It's clear of books this year.Why？"she asked."可知，作者的朋友关切地询问作者。故选C项。（3）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.accountingfor解释；B.thinkingabout思考关于……；C.dependingon取决于；D.dividingup分配。根据后半句"themanyhoursI'dspenthelpingsomeonewiththeircomputerorbrowsingonlinenewsarticles"可知，此处应该是作者边回答边思考。故选B项。（4）A.考查短语及语境理解。A.insteadof而不是；B.becauseof由于；C.apartfrom除了；D.alongwith与……一起。根据前文描写书架空了可知，作者没有花时间在阅读小说上。故选A项。（5）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.write写；B.recommend推荐；C.transport运输；D.award奖赏。根据下一句"Youalwaysweremybookbuddy."可知，作者是Ashley的书友，会推荐有趣的书给她。故选B项。（6）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.original原来的；B.popular流行的；C.common常见的；D.formal正式的。根据上文"Ideletedacalendareventthatwassupposedtohappenat9：00pmandtypedintothedescriptionbox，"Readanovel.""可知，作者原先活动的时间到了。故选A项。（7）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.expect期待；B.promise承诺；C.hesitate犹豫；D.forget忘记。根据下文"IfinallypressedPlayandsankintoacozyyoung-adultnovel."可知，作者在阅读时间到来时犹豫了。故选C项。（8）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.joy欢乐；B.determination决心；C.access通道、进入；D.support支持。根据下一句"IfinallypressedPlay"可知，作者下定了决心。故选B项。（9）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.survive幸存；B.agree同意；C.relax放松；D.repeat重复。根据后半句"Iwasreallyenjoyingmyself."可知，作者很放松，很享受有声书。故选C项。（10）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.personal个人的；B.hard困难的；C.valuable贵重的，宝贵的；D.limited有限的。根据上文"Isoon（9）andnoticedthatIwasreallyenjoyingmyself."可知，作者觉得阅读有声书是宝贵的时间。故选C项。24,（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.sleep睡觉；B.help帮助；C.read读；D.reflect反射。根据后半句"forthesecondnight"及上文"Ideletedacalendareventthatwassupposedtohappenat9：00pmandtypedintothedescriptionbox,"Readanovel.""可知，此处表示第二晚的阅读时间到来了。故选C项。（12）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.longer更长的；B.easier更容易的；C.earlier更早的；D.quicker更快的。根据上文第一晚阅读时内心犹豫的描写及下文"Ieventurnedoffmyphoneandsankintobedwithheadphoneson."可知，第二晚阅读比前一晚更容易了。故选B项。（13）D.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.escapefrom逃脱；B.lookfor寻找；C.pointto指向；D.turnon打开。根据上文"Ieventurnedoffmyphoneandsankintobedwithheadphoneson."可知，作者打开手机给Ashley打电话。故选D项。（14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.finished完成；B.fixed修理；C.canceled取消；D.missed错过。根据下文"I'mgladtohavemybookbuddyback."可知，作者取消了许多即将到来的预约，而把时间花在阅读上。故选C项。（15）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.excited激动的；B.confused困惑的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.ambitious有野心的。根据下文"That'sreallygreat."可知，Ashley是激动的。故选A项。本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者忙于琐事，无暇阅读小说，在朋友Ashley的提醒下，将阅读重新放到计划中，尝试阅读有声小说，再次回到阅读世界的故事。完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。36.【答案】【小题1】spotted【小题2】which【小题3】survival【小题4】to【小题5】a【小题6】them【小题7】togreet【小题8】but24,【小题9】Sadly【小题10】leaving【解析】（1）spotted.考时态查。句意：她在照顾管理花园时，发现了一只大黄蜂。空处为句子谓语动词，由语境和上文时间状语Lastspring可知，用spot的一般过去式形式，故填spotted。（2）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最使她吃惊的是这个动物没有翅膀，这使得它不能飞。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子"大黄蜂没有翅膀"，在从非限制性句中做主语，用关系代词which。故填which。（3）survival.考查名词。句意：这只昆虫有很小的机会幸存。介词后应用名词，survival表示抽象概念，不可数，故填survival。（4）to.考查介词。句意：Fiona为这无助的大黄蜂建立了一个漂亮的花园，并用一些糖水来款待它。treat…to…是固定搭配，译为"用……来款待……"，故填to。（5）a.考查冠词。句意：晴天的时候，Fiona把它取出来，带它外出散步。表示泛指，表示"一次"，应用不定冠词，且walk是辅音音素开头，故填a。（6）them.考查代词。句意：很快他们之间就建立起了美好的友谊。between是介词，后接they的宾格形式them作宾语，故填them。（7）togreet.考查不定式。句意：每次Fiona在花园处停下来，她的小的新朋友就会出现来迎接她。分析句子结构可知，本空动词不定式做目的状语。故填togreet。（8）but.考查连词。句意：大黄蜂的寿命一般是仅有18周，但是由于Fiona的悉心照顾，它活的时间更长。前后语意转折，连词but符合语境和逻辑，故填but。（9）Sadly.考查副词。句意：令人难过的是，因为大黄蜂死，友谊再也不能持续了，给营救者留下美好的回忆。本空放于句首作状语，应用副词形式，同时注意首字母要大写，故填Sadly。（10）leaving.考查现在分词。句意：令人难过的是，因为大黄蜂死，友谊再也不能持续了，给营救者留下美好的回忆。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非为谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填leaving。这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述的是Fiona24,和一只没有翅膀的大黄蜂的故事。本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。37.【答案】Whileitiscommonforparentstoposttheirchildren'sphotosonlinenowadays,somestudentsaroundmeareanxiousaboutit.Asforme,it'ssomethingacceptable.（支持"晒娃照片"）Inmyopinion,postingchildren'sphotosonlineisbeneficialtopeopleandmakesachildbetterknown.【高分句型一】Asaresult,heislikelytohavemorechancestobesuccessfulinthefuture.Itwillalsobeeasierforparentstocommunicatewiththeirfriends,fortheyhavemoretosharewitheachother.【高分句型二】Besides,it'sawaytostrengthenanonlinesocialcircleandconnectwithpeoplewedon'tknowbefore.（理由）Althoughtheremaybesomedisadvantagesthatcomewithpostingchildren'sphotos,it'snotnecessarytobetoocautiousaboutit.Weshouldhaveconfidenceinoursociety.（帮助他们想出解决问题的方法）【解析】高分句型一Inmyopinion,postingchildren'sphotosonlineisbeneficialtopeopleandmakesachildbetterknown.分析：句子里，动名词postingchildren'sphotosonline作主语。翻译：在我看来，把孩子们的照片上传到网上对人们是有益的，也会让孩子们更加出名。高分句型二Itwillalsobeeasierforparentstocommunicatewiththeirfriends,fortheyhavemoretosharewitheachother.分析：句子里，for引导原因状语从句theyhavemoretosharewitheachother。翻译：父母与朋友交流也会更容易，因为他们有更多的东西可以分享。写作步骤：第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。24,第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。38.【答案】Para.1Thebirdstruggledweaklyandmadeawild,strangenoise.ThesoundmadeBen'sheartache.Itseemedasifhecouldsensethebird'sfearandhelplessness.Holdingthebirdtightlyinhisarms,Benknewthathejustcouldn'tgiveuponthistinylife.【高分句型一】Heraisedhiseyesandlookeddirectlyintothehunter's.Thefirmandsteadygazesentastrongmessagetothehunterthatbynomeanswouldhegivein.Therewasasuffocatingsilencebetweenthetwomen.Eventually,thehunter'sroughvoicebrokethesilence."Youareafool."AndthentoBen'sgreatrelief,heslowlywalkedaway.（Ben出于对这只鸟的怜爱之情想救助它，与猎人抗争，终于使得猎人放弃）Para.2Benwatcheduntilhewasgoneandwenttothehouse.Hecarefullylaidthebirdonthesoftpillow,appliedsomemedicinetothewoundandbandageditsbrokenwing.Smoothingitsbeautifulfeathers,hemurmuredinasoftvoicetothebird,"You'regoingtoOkayandsoonyouwillbeabletoflyinthesky."Underhiscarefulnursing,thebirdrecoveredsoonerthanexpectedandinthemeantime,aspecialbondseemedtobeformedbetweenthemanandthebird.Withthebirdfinallymadeitsfullrecovery,Benknewitwastimetosetitfree.Thoughreluctant,watchingthebirdflappingitswingsandsoaringhighintothesky,Bensmiled.【高分句型二】Thefrozenlake,thequietwoodsandtheflyingbirdmadetheplaceaparadise.（Ben是如何救助这只鸟的，治疗伤口，安慰情绪，直到痊愈将其放生）【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Ben被猎枪声惊醒，看到一位猎人手持猎枪射击打中了一只鸟。Ben在干草垛中发现了这只翅膀受伤的鸟，将它抱起，想要救助它。被猎人发现后，与猎人发生了争执，猎人气愤之下举起猎枪瞄向了Ben。Ben有些害怕，但出于对这只鸟的同情，还是鼓起勇气与猎人抗争，终于保护下这只鸟，并救好了它。待痊愈时，Ben将这只鸟放生，他万般不舍还是让它离开获得自由。高分句型一：Holdingthebirdtightlyinhisarms,Benknewthathejustcouldn'tgiveuponthistinylife.24,译文：本把鸟紧紧地抱在怀里，他知道自己不能放弃这种渺小的生命。分析：这句话使用现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句。高分句型二：Thoughreluctant,watchingthebirdflappingitswingsandsoaringhighintothesky,Bensmiled.译文：尽管不情愿，看着鸟儿拍打着翅膀高高地飞上天空，本还是笑了。分析：这句话使用though引导省略的让步状语从句。解题方法点拨（1）品读原文。确定文章线索 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求 一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句 在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。24
