GrammarSubjectUnit1,SubjectThesubjectofasentenceistheperson,place,thing,orideathatisdoingorbeingsomething.1.WhatisSubject?,Youcanfindthesubjectofasentenceifyoucanfindtheverb.Askthequestion,“Whoorwhat‘verbs’or‘verbed’?”andtheanswertothatquestionisthesubject.,Noun,adjective,nonfiniteverb,it,nominativepersonalpronounandthesubjectclauseandsoon.2.WhatcanbeusedasSubject?,Atreehasfallenacrossthestreet.Theambulanceisarriving.名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。1.名词作主语,Youareamiddleschoolstudent.Helentmehisnewbike.Threeisenough.Twofromfiveleavethree.2.代词作主语3.数词作主语,Tofindthetruthisverydifficult.It’sisverydifficulttofindthetruth.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Seeingisbelieving.4.不定式作主语5.动名词作主语,A动名词与不定式都可在句子中作主语。动名词作主语时一般来说指的是一个概念或一个既成事实。如：注意TeachingEnglishismyjob.TeachingEnglish是一个概念名词，而不是一个动作。,B当一个不定式短语作主语时，我们常用It作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式放到句子后边。这样的句型还用在It’s…forsb.todo…It’s…ofsb.todo…中。如果It’s后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性有关时，必须用It’s…ofsb.todo…；这类形容词包括good,bad,clever,stupid,wise,foolish,cruel,mean等。如果It’s后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性无关时，则要用It’s…forsb.todo…。,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Oldandyoungwalkedsidebyside.Thedisabledarebeingcarefullytakencareof.6.名词化的形容词作主语7.名词化的过去分词作主语,Wheneveryoucomewillbefine.8.从句作主语作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that，whether，wh-词等引导。,BetweensixandseveninthemorningisthetimeIgojogging．Nearbyisagoodplaceforcamping．9.有时介词短语、副词或其短语位于主语位置是倒装结构,(1)Itis+形容词(possible,clear,true,necessary,likely,nice等)+that(2)Itis+名词（apity,nouse,afact,nowonder等）+that用it作形式主语的句型有：,(3)It+不及物动词（follows,happens,turnsout,goeswithoutsaying）+that(4)Itis+过去分词（thought,known,mentioned,said,expected,suggested,maybesafelysaid,mustbeadmitted,hasbeendecided）+that,在以上句型中It是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。在这样的主语从句中that不能省略,就其本质讲，用That…iswell-known;That…issaid也是可以的。但是经过长期使用,上述句型已经被固定下来。,Whathehadalreadyforgottenaboutcomputerrepaircouldfillwholevolumes.3.Asimplesubjectcanbemorethanoneword,evenanentireclause.,4.InEnglish,thesubjectofacommand,order,orsuggestion-you,thepersonbeingdirectedisusuallyleftoutofthesentenceandissaidtobetheunderstoodsubject.,e.g.1.Yousteplivelythere,orI’llleaveyoubehind.2.Beforeassemblingtheswingset,youreadtheseinstructionscarefully.,5.Forpurposesofsentenceanalysis,thedoerortheinitiatorofactioninasentenceisreferredtoastheagentofthesentence.Inanactivesentence,thesubjectistheagent.,e.g.1.TheJohnsonsaddedadoublegaragetotheirhouse.2.Thejuryreturnedaverdictofmanslaughter.,6.Inapassivesentence,theagentisnotthesubject.Infact,sometimesapassivesentencewillnotcontainanagent.,e.g.1.Thedean’sreportwasreviewedbythefacultysenate.2.Threecitiesinthecountry’sinteriorwerebombed.,A．Ithankyou.B．Ineverheardofit.C．Itlookslikeit.D．Itsoundslikecommonsensetome.E．Itserveshimright.7.Infamiliarspeech,thesubjectissometimesleftoutwhenitisapronoun.Wecallitomissionofthesubject.,InspokenEnglishweoftenhearsentenceslikethis:A．Thankyou.B．Neverheardofit.C．Lookslikeit.D．Soundslikecommonsensetome.E．Serveshimright.,Underlinethesubjectinthesesentences.Ingroups,checkyouranswers.Thendiscusswhetheryouagreewiththeideasinthesentencesornot.1Everythingthatwedoisastepinonedirectionoranother.Eventhefailuretodosomethingisinitselfadeed.Itsetsusforwardorbackward.(HenryVanDyke),2Toregretone’serrorstothepointofnotrepeatingthemistruerepentance.(ErnestHemingway)3Thebestcompanionisonewhoiswiserandbetterthanourselves,forweareinspiredbyhiswisdomandvirtuetonoblerdeeds.(WilliamMakepeaceThayer)4Beinghappyisbetterthanbeingking.(WestAfricansaying),1Wewrotealetterofthanksto____hadhelpedus.A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.whoever2Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthathemustn’tsmoke,but_____didn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.itD.they练习,3____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A．WhatB．IfC．ThatD．Whether4Justafterfinishingwritingthecomposition,_____.A．thedoorbellrangloudB．NancyheardthedoorbellrangC．someoneknockedatthedoorD．thedoorbellwasrung,5．----Theexamwaseasy,wasn’tit?----Yes,butIdon’tthink_____couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody6Theyliveonabusymainroad.______mustbeverynoisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.They,7I’msuretheOlympicGameswillbeheldin2008inChina,_______?A.won’titB.won'ttheyC.shallweD.aren'tI8WhilewatchingTV,_______.A.theboycameinB.mymotherwascookingC.IheardaterriblenoiseD.thedoorbellrang,9He’slate,_____isoftenthecase.A.asB.whatC.itD.this10．Itwasthetrainingthathehasasayoungman_____ledtohissuccess.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who,11．______aboutthehistoryofthatpartbecausethereisnotenoughwritteninformation.A．PeopleknownothingB．MuchisknownC．PeopleknowalotD．Littleisknown,1_____makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（2006辽宁卷）A.What B.WhoC.Whatever D.Whoever高考链接,2____teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.（2006山东卷）A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichCWhateverD.whichever,3.___feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.（2007全国卷II）A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That,4.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.（2007上海卷）A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where,Thankyou.
