高考题型提分练(十) 阅读理解提能练(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AGuanShanyueArtMuseum Morethan130ChineseMeticulous-styleorGongbipaintingsby57youngChineseartistsarebeingexhibitedatthe“YouthKoans:TheSeventhGuanShanyueArtMuseum”untilAug.2.Entryisfreeandvisitorsarerequiredtobooktheirvisitinadvanceonthemuseum’sWeChataccount“gsyart.”Venue:GuanShanyueArtMuseum,FutianDistrictMetro:Line3or4toChildren’sPalaceStation,ExitF‘Cosmos’ The“Cosmos”exhibition(88yuan),runninguntilSept.20,re-createsinteractivescenesbasedonconceptsorhiddenphysicallawsfoundbyscientistslikeAlbertEinstein,FelixKlein,DavidHilbert,HendrikLorentz,ErwinSchrodingerandStephenWilliamHawking.Venue:OneAvenue,FutianDistrictMetro:Line1toGangxiaStation,ExitB‘BlazingElement’ Nineteenartistsandstudiosareinvitedtoexploretherelationshipbetweenfireandthreematerials:metal,ceramics(制陶业)andglassatthe“BlazingElement”exhibition(38yuan)runninguntilOct.11.Newformsemergefromthecombinationofvariousmaterials,andtheartists’uniqueworldviewsareinsetwithinthem.Venue:AN+ArtandDesignCenter,3/F,PAFCMall,FutianDistrictMetro:Line1or3toShoppingParkStation,ExitDSeaWorld The“ValuesofDesign:ChinaintheMaking”exhibition(68yuan),runninguntilDec.20,showcases138ChineseworksandexploresthegrowingfieldofChinesedesign.\nAndGroundwork,anarchitecturestudiobasedinHongKong,hasbuiltasoftspace“Art-Toy”forvisitorstoplayinuntillateAugust.Venue:SeaWorldCultureandArtsCenter,NanshanDistrictMetro:Line2toSeaWorldStation,ExitA(SDNews)【文章大意】这是一篇说明文——广告,简单介绍了四项活动举办的时间、地点和乘车路线。1.Whatwillbeagoodchoiceforastudentinterestedinphysics?A.GuanShanyueArtMuseum.B.‘BlazingElement’.C.SeaWorld.D.‘Cosmos’.【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一个是美术展览,涉及中国工笔画;第二个是宇宙知识介绍,提到了爱因斯坦、霍金等科学家;第三个闪耀元素涉及化学知识,介绍火与三种材料的关系;第四个介绍建筑与设计。2.Whichsubwaywouldyoutakeifyouwanttoappreciatepaintingexhibition?A.Line1or3. B.Line1.C.Line3or4.D.Line2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。美术展览是第一个,地点是关山月美术馆,乘车路线是地铁3号或4号线。3.Whichcostsleastinthefouractivities?A.GuanShanyueArtMuseum.B.‘BlazingElement’.C.SeaWorld.D.‘Cosmos’.【解析】选A。细节理解题。比较判断四个活动的费用,第一个美术展览免费,第二个宇宙知识88元,第三个38元,第四个68元,故选A。B Ifyouareastudentattendingaformalexam,thereisprobablyapencilathand.Haveyoueverwonderedwherepencilscomefrom?Orhowgraphite(石墨)wasreallydiscovered,leadingtothedevelopmentofnumerouskindsandtypesofpencilsthatarecurrentlyavailable?\nModernpencilsoweagreatdealtoanancientRomanwritinginstrumentcalledaStylus.Itisbasicallyathinmetalrodthatwasusedbyscholarstoleavealightreadablemarkonthepaperusedinthosetimes.However,thehistoryoftheever-evolvingpencilsdoesn’tstopthere. ThencamethewidespreaduseofgraphiteafterahugeamountofgraphitewasdiscoveredinEnglandinthe1560s.Graphitewasappreciatedgreatlyforbeingreallydark.However,itprovedtobereallyfragileandsoft.Itrequiredaproperholderforonetobeabletocontainit.Atfirst,graphitestickswerewrappedinstrings,andlater,thesestickswerepresentedinwood-cases,givingbirthtotheveryfirstwood-casedpencil.Basically,thegraphitewasinsertedinwoodensticksthatwerehollowedout.Soitlookedlikesticksofgraphitewerebeingenclosedwithinsimilar-shapedwoodcasesorcoverings.Accordingtohistory,thefirst-everpencilsweremass-producedinGermanyin1662,makingitthebirthplaceofthesepencils.CompanieslikeFaber-CastellandSteadtlercameintoexistence,forminganactiveglobalpencilindustrythatcontinuedtodevelopthroughouttheperiodofthe19thCenturyIndustrialRevolution.Eversincethepencilindustrybegantoflourish,differenttypesandkindsofpencilswerediscoveredandwerecategorizedaccordingtotheirhardnesslevelsandtheamountofblackcolortheywereabletoproduce.Theywerealsosplitintermsofhowlightordarktheywere,aswellashowheavyorlighttheirleadwas.【文章大意】文章介绍了人们对铅笔原材料石墨的应用及铅笔的发展历史。4.Whywasgraphitewidelyusedinthesixteenthcentury?A.Graphitebecamegreatlyavailable.B.TheStyluswastooheavytohold.C.Scholarspreferredusinggraphite.D.Industrialrevolutiontookplace.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章提到thewidespreaduseofgraphiteafterahugeamountofgraphitewasdiscoveredinEnglandinthe1560s可知,在16世纪60年代英格兰发现了大量石墨,石墨开始被广泛使用。5.Whatisthedisadvantageofusinggraphite?\nA.Itisveryrare.B.Itisexpensive.C.Itbreakseasily.D.Ithasdarkcolor.【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章提及However,itprovedtobereallyfragileandsoft.可知,石墨易碎,由此得知C项正确。6.Accordingtothepassage,whichcountryisthebirthplaceofmodernpencils?A.Rome.B.Germany.C.Britain.D.France.【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章第四段提到thefirst-everpencilsweremass-producedinGermanyin1662,makingitthebirthplaceofthesepencils可知,大规模量产的铅笔始于德国,使得德国成为铅笔的诞生之地。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flourish”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Takeoff.B.Breakdown.C.Fadeaway.D.Settledown.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据文章中differenttypesandkindsofpencilswerediscoveredandwerecategorized可知,各式各样种类繁多的铅笔被制造出来,可得知铅笔制造业开始繁荣起来。C Thetidying-upwonderknownasMarieKondohasashowonNetflix,andbyallaccounts,itseemstobepopularamongthemasses.Kondo’sbasicideatodeterminewhetherweneedsomethingistoaskifsomethingsparksjoy—andifitdoesnot,thenitisnotneeded. ThewriterAnakanaSchofield,however,tweetedthefollowingmessages:“DoNOTlistentoMarieKondoorKonmariinrelationtobooks.Fillyourapartment&worldwiththem.Idon’tcareifyouthrowoutyourclothesbutthewomanisverymisguidedaboutbooks.Everyhumanneedsalibrary,notclean,boringshelves.” NowSchofieldhaspennedanessayatTheGuardianonthetopic,notingthat“MarieKondoadvisesustogiveupreadingwedon’tfindjoyful.Butone’spersonallibraryshoulddomuchmorethangetwarmfeelings.”It’ssuchagoodpoint.IlookattherowsofbooksonmyshelvesandwhileIcan’thelpbuttonoticethattheyarenottidy,Iwouldnevertossthem.\n Doeseveryoneofthosebooksbringmyjoy?No.Somearehard.Buttossthem?Noway!Ascollections,allofmybookscreatetheirownnarrative,anotherwiseimpossibletimelineofmylife.Andbeyondthembeingapartofmyhistory,Ithinkaboutwhatwentintoeachbook.Everyword,ofthemillionsofwordslivingonmybookshelves,waswrittenwiththought;everysentencecraftedwithintention.Mypersonallibraryislikeamicrocosm(缩影)ofhumanity,ofmyowndesign. Andasfortheunreadbooks?Thatabookisunreadshouldnotbeanindicationofitsuselessness,rather,apromiseofitspotential.It’slikehavingagifttoopenoravacationtolookforwardto.Astackofunreadbooksisahallwayofdoors,eachleadingtoanunknownadventure.【文章大意】本文是议论文。整理奇才近藤麻理惠在Netflix上有一个节目,很受人们的追捧,近藤认为不能激发快乐的东西都是不需要的东西,可以扔掉。作者家里有很多藏书,不是所有的书都能激发快乐,但作者并不认为需要扔掉这些书,他认为个人的图书馆就像自己设计的一个人性的缩影,一本未读的书,也并不应表明其无用,而表明其有潜力,就像将要打开的礼物或期待的假期,一堆堆未读的书就像是门的走廊,每本书都通向一个未知的冒险。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wonder”inParagraph1referto?A.Talent.B.Program.C.Attraction.D.Company.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句话“Thetidying-upwonderknownasMarieKondohasashowonNetflix,andbyallaccounts,itseemstobepopularamongthemasses.”可知,整理奇才近藤麻理惠在Netflix上有一个节目,从各方面来看,它似乎在大众中很受欢迎。所以wonder在这里是指“奇才,能干的人”,故答案为选项A。9.WhatisnotneededaccordingtoMarieKondo?A.Somethingthatcan’tcreatewonder.B.Somethingthatcan’tgiveyoupleasure.C.Somethingthatisnotpopular.D.Somethingthatcan’twarmourfeelings.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Kondo’sbasicideatodeterminewhetherweneedsomethingistoaskifsomethingsparksjoy—andifitdoesnot,then\nitisnotneeded.”可知,近藤确定我们是否需要某样东西的基本原则是询问某样东西是否激发快乐,如果没有,则不需要。故选B。10.WhatisAnakanaSchofield’sattitudetowardsMarieKondoaboutbooks?A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Acceptable.【解析】选A。态度观点题。根据第二段中的“DoNOTlistentoMarieKondoorKonmariinrelationtobooks...butthewomanisverymisguidedaboutbooks.”以及第三段中的“MarieKondoadvisesustogiveupreadingwedon’tfindjoyful.Butone’spersonallibraryshoulddomuchmorethangetwarmfeelings.”可以推断出作家AnakanaSchofield反对近藤麻理惠对处理书的态度。故选A。11.Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toadvisepeopletoreadthebooks.B.Toencouragepeopletobuythebooks.C.Tointroducethebookshecollects.D.Totellpeoplenottothrowawayyourbooks.【解析】选D。写作目的题。根据文章最后两段:作者家里有很多藏书,不是所有的书都能激发快乐,但作者并不认为需要扔掉这些书,他认为个人的图书馆就像自己设计的一个人性的缩影,一本未读的书,也并不应表明其无用,而表明其有潜力,就像将要打开的礼物或期待的假期,一堆堆未读的书就像是门的走廊,每本书都通向一个未知的冒险。可知作者写这篇文章的目的是要告诉人们不要扔掉家里的藏书。故选D。D The47,000InuitwholiveinCanada’sArcticspeakfivedialectsofInuktutanduseninewritingsystems.ThedialectsaresimilarenoughthatanInukfromonegroupcanpuzzleoutwhataspeakerfromanotherissaying.Thewritingsystems,inventedbyChristianmissionaries(传教士)startinginthe18thcentury,arebiggerbarrierstocomprehension.Threeusesyllabics-characterstorepresentsyllables(音节)—ratherthantheRomanalphabet.Bothsystemscanbeaddedwithdiacriticalmarks(变音符)thatchangepronunciationandmeaning.Communicationisdifficultandtranslatingtextbooksandgovernmentdocumentsexpensive.\nPartlybecauseofthesedifficulties,Inuktut,agroupoflanguagesspokenby39,000Inuit,isgivinggroundtoEnglish.InNunavut,thenorthernmostCanadianterritory,wheremostInuitlive,notallschoolsofferclassesinInuktuteventhoughtheterritoryhasmandatedbilingualeducationby2020.Mostphonesandkeyboardsneedextrasoftwaretohandlesyllabics,soyoungInuittextandemailmainlyinEnglish,saysCrystalMartin-LapenskieoftheNationalInuitYouthCouncil. OnSeptember26thInuitTapiriitKanatami,thenationalInuitorganization,decidedtorelievethesedifficultiesbyadoptingaunifiedwritingsystem.InuktutQaliujaaqpait,thenewwritingsystem,willusecombinationsofromanletterstorepresentthesoundsinallfivedialects.ItisawritingsystemcreatedbyInuitforInuit,saysNatanObed,thegroup’spresident.Gettingtothispointwasnoteasy,fortheInuitaimforconsistence.Acommitteetookeightyearstoachieveit.Elderswhogrewupwithsyllabicsworrythattheshifttoromanletterswoulderasepartoftheirculture.Linguistshadtocomeupwithwaystodistinguishbetweensounds,likedifferentwaysofpronouncing“r”,withoutusingdiacritics,whichaddanextrastepintyping.Everysoundhadtoberepresented.Therecouldbe“nodialectleftbehind”,saysMichaelCook,alinguistwhoworkedontheproject.TheNunatsiaqNews,anewspaperthatcirculatesintheeasternArctic,willcontinuetousesyllabicsinitsInuktuttext,saysitseditor,JimBell.ThegovernmentsofNunavutandofCanada,thenewspaper’sbiggestadvertisers,stillwantadvertisementssetinsyllabicsandintheromanorthography(拼写法)nowusedforInuinnaqtun,anofficiallanguageintheterritory.MrBell“canforeseealongtransitionperiod”.Inthenorth,changecancomeataglacialpace.【文章大意】因纽特人是美洲原住民之一,他们分布于北极圈周围,包括格陵兰、阿拉斯加以及加拿大的努纳武特地区等。加拿大的北极地区生活有4万7千多名因纽特人,他们说因纽特语,但是有5种方言,9种书写系统,这造成了沟通的困难。为了解决这一问题,因纽特社区决定推行一套统一的书写系统,但新系统的实施仍然需要经历很长一段时间。12.WhatcontributestothedifficultyincommunicationforInuit?\nA.Longdistance.B.Variousaccents.C.Differentwritingsystems.D.Severegeographicsituation.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段前两句话“The47,000InuitwholiveinCanada’sArcticspeakfivedialectsofInuktutanduseninewritingsystems.ThedialectsaresimilarenoughthatanInukfromonegroupcanpuzzleoutwhataspeakerfromanotherissaying.居住在加拿大北极地区的47000名因纽特人讲5种因纽特语方言,并使用9种书写系统,这些方言足够相似,以至于一名来自某个族群的因纽特人苦苦思索才能琢磨出另一名来自其他族群的人在说什么”。可知是因纽特语中多种方言和不同的书写系统导致因纽特人的沟通困难,故答案为C项。13.HowdoesParagraph4develop?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparison.D.Bydrawingconclusions.【解析】选B。细节理解题。第四段介绍了新的书写体系在实施过程中遇到的困难,其中列举了从小习惯使用音节符号的老年人和语言学家们的例子,前者担心转向罗马字母会使他们一部分文化消失,后者不得不设计出各种区分声音的方法,故答案为B项。14.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.YoungpeoplepreferEnglishtoInuitwhentextingmessages.B.ThenewwritingsystemiscreatedbyChristianmissionaries.C.Inthenorththeshifttothenewwritingsystemcanbeverysmooth.D.ThenewwritingsystemiswellacceptedandpromotedbyTheNunatsiaqNews.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Mostphonesandkeyboardsneedextrasoftwaretohandlesyllabics,soyoungInuittextandemailmainlyinEnglish大多数手机和键盘都需要额外的软件来处理因纽特语音节,因此因纽特年轻人主要使用英语来发短信和邮件”可知A项正确;第三段“ItisawritingsystemcreatedbyInuitforInuit这是一套由因纽特人为因纽特人创造的书写系统”可知B项不正确;根据最后一段“TheNunatsiaqNews,anewspaperthatcirculatesintheeasternArctic,willcontinuetouse\nsyllabicsinitsInuktuttext...Inthenorth,changecancomeataglacialpace《努纳特西亚新闻》是一份在北极东部地区发行的报纸,报纸将继续在因纽特语版本中使用音节符号……在北方,变化可以以极其缓慢的速度进行”可知C、D项不正确。15.Inwhichpartcanthispassagebefoundinamagazine?A.StoriesB.CultureC.EntertainmentD.Environment【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了因纽特人方言和语言体系多样造成了沟通的困难。为了解决这一问题,因纽特社区决定推行一套统一的书写系统,但新系统的实施仍然需要经历很长一段时间,属于文化范畴,故答案为B项。Ⅱ.阅读填句 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Pushyourselfandyou’llfindhowstrongyouare Howstrongareyou?Thatisatoughquestiontoanswerbothtoamanandawoman.Buthowdoyoudefineyourstrength?Howdoyouknowyourlimits? 1 Whenpushcomestopress,weoftendiscoverthatwearemuchstrongerthanwethink. 2 Strengthisnotalwaysaboutpurephysicalstrength.Rather,itisaboutwillpower.Itisaboutthecapacitytogetthingsdone. Iknowsomepeoplewhoareintellectuallystrong,buttheygetverylittledoneintheirjobs.AndIknowotherswhofindworkextremelychallenging,butareabletomovemountainsbytheirfulldriveandhardwork.Theypossessinnerstrength. Moreinterestingisthattheseproductivehard-workersoftendon’tevennoticetheload.Bystandersarenotonlyamazedbutoftenask,“Howdoyoudoit?”Theanswerusuallycomesback,“Ijustworkharderthantheothers.” So,whyaresomepeopleabletodomore?Whatgivesthemaddeddrive?Whatgivesthemextrastrength?Coulditbe,theyhavesimplygiventhemselvespermissiontodomore? Self-setlimits. 3 Sometimestheseboundariesarebasedonpastexperiences.Sometimestheyarebasedonsensedcapacities.Sometimestheselimitsarebasedonnothing.So,howdowebreakthroughtheselimits?Howdowegetstronger? \n Pushingit.Manypeoplearegoingthroughthemotions,butarenowhereneartheirlimits. 4 Pushingitiswhatittakestoincreaseyourlimits. Inthegym,bodybuildersdiscoveredthislongago.But,thesameprincipleistruewhenitcomestoinnerstrength.Disciplineanddrive.Wanttotestyourlimits?Pushyourself.Testyourself-awarelimitationtoseehowaccuratetheyare.Makesureyourgoalsareslightlybeyondwhatyouthinkcanbeachieved. Youarestrongerthanyouthink.Mostpeopleunderestimatetheirstrength.Asyougothroughyourday,challengeyourcapacity.Testyourlimits.Pushyourselftofindyourtrueboundariesanddefineyourstrength. 5 A.WhatisStrength?B.Canyoubesureifyouhaven’ttried?C.Howdoyouknowjusthowmuchyou’vegot?D.Ifyouwanttobestronger,youhavetopushyourboundaries.E.WhatIhaveobservedisthatmostpeoplesettheirownlimits.F.Whenyoudiscoverhowmuchyou’vereallygot,youmaysurpriseevenyourself.G.Theylimittheiroutputbasedonself-builtlimitationoftheircapabilitiesandstrengths.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。论述了不逼自己一把就不知道自己有多厉害的观点以及为何给自己加压的道理。1.【解析】选C。过渡句,根据该段小标题Howstrongareyou?和其前的两句Buthowdoyoudefineyourstrength?Howdoyouknowyourlimits?可知howdoyou...是连续的排比句,C项Howdoyouknowjusthowmuchyou’vegot?无论从上下文句意还是结构上都一致。2.【解析】选A。段首句,该段后边讲的都是力量是什么,或者与什么有关,故开头句应该是提出问题,且与力量有关,故选A项合适。3.【解析】选E。过渡句,该段小标题是Self-setlimits,所以E项的WhatIhaveobservedisthatmostpeoplesettheirownlimits.承接了上下文;空后句Sometimestheseboundariesarebasedonpastexperiences.中的theseboundaries也应该是从上文这句引出的。G项Theylimittheiroutputbasedonself-builtlimitationoftheircapabilitiesandstrengths.虽然也谈到设限,但这里的they指代不明,上文没有出处,故不合适。\n4.【解析】选D。过渡句,该段首句Pushingit逼自己一把,空后Pushingitiswhatittakestoincreaseyourlimits.需要的就是逼自己一把来增强你的极限,所以承上启下就是Ifyouwanttobestronger,youhavetopushyourboundaries.如果你想要变得更强大就得逼自己一把。5.【解析】选F。段尾总结句,本段首句Youarestrongerthanyouthink.你比自己想象的更坚强,后边讲如果你逼迫自己突破自己的极限,那么就可以实现目标,甚至会令自己吃惊。(Whenyoudiscoverhowmuchyou’vereallygot,youmaysurpriseevenyourself.)
