吉林市2022高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）训练题（4）及答案（南京市高三第一次模拟考试） Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong. "Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape,"thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Species（物种）arebeingdriventodieoutatrecordrates,andtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurface,dead. Butthere'sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong:thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.Rivers,seas,rainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborg,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmark,isanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroups,andthe"badnews"culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse. Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycoiningfromleft-wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborg,aformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthat,althoughtheenvironmentisimproving,greengroups—withprofitsofhundredsofmil-lionsofpoundsayear—areusingscaretactics(谋略)togaindonations.Lomborg'sbookdoesn'tdenyglobalwarming—probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat—butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics. TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat"deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years".ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcover,butinrecentdecadestheforestarea'sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigures,theareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeady,atabout30percentoftotallandarea,-9-\nsincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS,theUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk（缩小）byabout15percent. Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist. Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprovementsaretheresultsofthesuccessoftheircampaigns.StephenTindale,directorofGreenpeaceUK,said,"Thereareimportantexamples,suchasacidrainandozone,wherethingsaren'tasbadaspredicted,andthat'sbecausebehaviorhaschanged."(1)Inhisbook,TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,whatisLomborg'smainargument?A．Ourplanetisinbadshape.B．Theworld'senvironmentisimproving.C．Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.D．Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.(2)WhatisLomborg'smainaccusationofenvironmentalists?A．Theyscaredpeopleintomakingdonations.B．Theyoverturnedourbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.C．Theychangedtheirbehaviortowardtheenvironment.D．Theyonlytoldpeoplebadnewsabouttheenvironment.(3)Theunderlinedword"depleting"inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"____".-9-\nA．reducing B．limitingC．expanding D．accelerating(4)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thetotalareaofforestsintheworldhasincreasedsignificantly.B．Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarenotasbadasfirstexpected.C．Itappearsthatthebaldeaglewillnowsurvive.D．Inthelast50yearsthenumberofwhaleshasincreased.【解析】 “环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而Lomborg的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。(1)B 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知Lomborg在TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist中的观点(argument)是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正确，C项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。(2)A 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的第二句话可知Lomborg指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款。(3)A 本题考查猜测词义。第五段Lomborg通过一些数据反驳了TheWorldwatchInstitute的观点"deforestationhasbeenaccelerationoverthelast30years"，Lomborg认为在最近几十年森林面积的缩小已经停止，因此选择reducing。 (4)C 本题考查细节判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的"Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist"可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了，由此可知C项正确。-9-\n**********************************************************结束7、（浙江省温州市2022年高三第一次适应性测试）RentalsNYC.East7lstStreet，Lexington／Park. $1，850；sunny，furnishedstudioapartmentinNewYorkCity，availableforlong-termrental.Infoandphotos，e-mail：cenlterperform@aol.com.Vacationrentals：Florence，PiazzaS.Croce，2BR，largekitchen，livingroom，twobathrooms，fullyequipped，1.700permonth.Forphotosanddetails，contactp_corsi@yaoo.com.CharmingHouse—Florence&Todi，Italy.3bedrooms，fireplaces，garden，breathtakingviews，parking.Tel.／fax：(+39)0552298620；e-mail：georgetatge@libero.it.ExchangeEnglishAcademicSeeksExchange：houseinLondon(Highgate)forNYCapartment，toaccommodatetwo.September-November，2022.Contactmarcus.giaquinto@ucl.ac.uk.GreenSingles.com—Meetsinglebookloverswhovaluegreenliving，naturalhealth，personalgrowth，spirituality.www.greensingles.comSingleBooklovers，established1970.Findsingleswhoenjoyreading，books，artsandculture.www.singlebookloves.com.PositionsHunted ExperiencedResearcher，inGeneva，havinganelegantinternationallevelofpersonalassistance，bothinFrenchandEnglish，withgoodcomputerknowledge，willingto-9-\ntravel.bdsmac@gmail.com.Psychotherapy(心理治疗)ChildandFamilyTherapistoffershelptomakelifeathomehappierandmoreharmonious.VisitRosaleen(Rusty)Hornatwww.psychologytoday.com;(212)799-0695.WebsitesGlobalWarming：thetruth.It’sthehardtruth：we’redone.www.irawrites.com.LITBITS：somewherebetweentheseminarroomandthepub，wetalkliteraturefromsurprisingangles.Listenforfreeathttp.／／web.me.com／adamsmyth.Topicssofar：foodandliterature；badliterature；soccerandliterature.Books BOOKSEARCH.Old，rare，andout-of-printbooks. MarshaJ.Shapiro：355west85thStreet，Apc.77，NewYork， NY10024；(212)595—4219；mshap10424@aol.com.PersonalsRetiredArchitect，UpperEastSide，kind-hearted，lovesclassicalmusic，movies，cats，puns，andcrosswords.SeeksfriendshipwithManhattanladyforconcerts，museumsandtravellingabroad.(212)327—2422.AdventuresomeSpirit，companionable，verygoodlookingblonde，easy-going.Slender，athletic，photographer.Livelly，generous，Lovesbeingathome：cozyingupwithabook,cookingforfriends.Seekingathletic，fit，professional,man58—78，curioustotravel，exploretheworld.-9-\n travelcuriosity3@gmail.tom.(561)601—8202.AccomplishedWoman，greatsmile，healthy，veryattractive，Cambridgeacademic，writer，fit，verysane，interestedinfriendshipwithmall，60+，similardescriptors，forexplorations.Hsms66@gmail.tom.(1)IfyouwanttorentahouseinNewYorkCity，youcansendane-mailto________. A.marcus.giaquinto@ucl.ac.uk B.p_corsi@yahooo.com C.georgetatge@libero.it D.centerperform@aol.com(2)Thepersonwiththeemailaddressofbdsmac@gmail.comwanttofind________. A.anexperiencedresearchertoworkwith B.someonetoteachFrenchandEnglish C.ajobtoworkasanexcellentassistant D.aresearcherwillingtotraveltoGeneva(3)Ifyouwanttobuysomeout-of-printbooks，youcandial________. A.(617)66l一3849 B.(561)601—8202 C.(212)799—0695 D.(212)595—4219(4)65-vear-oldDouglascan’tstandlonelinessanymore.Hecouldgethelpfrom"________".-9-\n A.Psychotherapy B.Personals C.Exchange D.Rentals【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几类实用的广告以及它们的相关信息。(1)D事实细节题。从Rentals部分可以看出，如果你要在纽约租房子可以发送邮件到centerperform@aol.com，由此答案选D项。(2)C事实细节题。从PositionsHunted部分可以看出，邮箱地址是bdsmac@gmail.com的人想要找一份工作，再结合"personalassistance”可知他想找一份助理的工作，由此答案选C项。(3)D事实细节题。从Books部分可以看出，如果要买绝版的书(out-of-printbooks)的话，可以拨打电话(212)595-4219，由此答案选D项。 (4)B事实细节题。从文章最后的Personals部分可以看出这里是关于交友的信息，故65岁的Douglas想摆脱孤独可以在这里得到些许帮助，答案选B项。*******************************************************结束(D)Attimesweallgetangrywhenwearedriving.Itmightbebecausewearestuckinatrafficjamorstuckbehindaveryslowdriver.Itmightbebecausewethinkanotherdriverhasdonesomethingverystupidanddangerous.Whateverthereason,itseemsthatgettingangryinacarissomethingwhichhappensmoreandmoreoftenandthereisnowaspecialtermforit“roadrage”.Someexpertseventhinkthatroadrageisakindofmentalillness!Howcanwerecognizethis“illness”ofroadrage?Therearetwokindsofroadrage:aggressivedrivingandaggressivereactionstothe-9-\nwayotherpeoplearedriving.Aggressivedrivingcantakedifferentforms:●Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.●Increasingyourspeedveryquickly.●Drivingveryclosebehindthecarinfrontandsoundingthehornorflashingtheheadlights.●Changinglanesverysuddenlyandblockinganothercar.●Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanothercaristryingtopark.Therearealsodifferentreactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Theseinclude:●Makingrudesignsatpeople.●Shoutingatpeopleandthreateningthem.●Deliberatelydrivingintoanotherperson’scar.●Hittingsomebody.●Usingaweaponsuchasabaseballbat,orevenagunoraknife.Roadrageiscertainlynotajoke.Therehavebeenincidentsofroadragewhichhaveledtoseriousinjuriesandevenmurder.Expertsthinkthatonereasonforroadrageisthatfilmsshowalotofexamplesoffastandaggressivedrivingsuchascarchaseswherethiskindofdrivingseemstobepositive.Expertsalsothinkthatthepunishmentsfordangerousdrivingarenotseriousenough.Experienceshowsthatdrivingproblemscanbecontrolled,butittakesalongtime.IntheUKinthelast30years,thepolicehavebeenquitesuccessfulinreducingthenumberofpeoplewhodrinkanddrive.Theyarenowworkingtostoppeopleusingmobilephoneswhentheyaredriving.Let’shopetheycanhavethesamesuccesswiththeroadrage.48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTdescribeaggressivedriving?A.Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.B.DrinkinganddrivingC.Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanothercaristryingtopark.D.Changinglanesverysuddenlyandblockinganothercar.49.Roadragehappenspossiblybecause______.-9-\nA.thedriversaredrunkB.itwon’tcauseseriousinjuriesordeathC.we’reinafast-changingsocietyD.thepunishmentsarenotseriousenough50.What’sthetone（语气）ofthelastparagraph?A.SadB.ColdC.OptimisticD.Exciting参考答案（D）48-50BDC；*************************************************************结束-9-
