长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年度高一第二学期第三次阶段性检测英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt？A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhyisJimunwillingtowearthewhiteshirt？A.Hedislikesthecolor.B.Thesizeiswrong.C.Itdoesn'tmatchhisjeans.2.Whatwillthespeakersdonext？A.Seeamagicshow.B.Buyteddybears.C.Gokite-flying.3.Whenwillthespeakersgetuptomorrow？A.At9：00am.B.At8：00am.C.At7：00am.4.WhatdoesJonathanmean？A.Annamissedthecontest.B.Annahasatalentforsinging.C.AnnawillgotoWashingtonDC.5.Whatdoesthemanmean？A.Hehasanaturaltalentforart.B.Hesawnothinginthearthistory.C.Hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings.\n第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutgraffiti（涂鸦）？A.Itisanartform.B.Itisugly.C.Itisawasteofmoney.7.Whereshouldgraffitibepaintedaccordingtothewoman？A.Onanybuilding.B.Ondesignatedgraffitispaces.C.Inpublicparks.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatwillthewomando？A.Refuelthecar.B.Buysomefood.C.Checkthetire.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A.Husbandandwife.B.Driverandpassenger.C.Friends.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.WherewillthemanbethisSaturdaymorning？A.Inhisownhouse.B.Attheoffice.C.Inalakehouse.11.WhatdoesthemanintendtodoonSundaynight？A.RestforMonday’swork.B.Gothroughsomenotes.C.Pickuphisboss.12.Whyisthemanunwillingtotakehisdogsonthetrip？A.Theygetsacrednearthewater.B.Thereisnotenoughroomforthem.C.It'shardtocatchanyfishwiththem.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow？A.Giveapresentation.B.Invitesomeoneelseover.\nC.Tellthewomanhisfinaldecision.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk？A.Whatisconfidence.B.Howtoimproveconfidence.C.Whypeopleneedtobemoreconfident.15.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestdoingtobuildconfidence？A.Runningarace.B.Applyingforanewjob.C.Settingoutgoalsonalist.16.WhatmightFraserbe？A.Acoach.B.Asurgeon.C.Apsychologist.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howlonghasthespeakerlivedinabigcity？A.Foroneyear.B.Fortenyears.C.Foreighteenyears18.Whatisthespeaker'sopiniononpublictransportinbigcities？A.It'scomfortable.B.It'stime-saving.C.It'scheap.19.Whatistheadvantageoflivinginthecountryside？A.It'ssafer.B.It'shealthier.C.It'smoreconvenient.20.Whatkindoflifedoesthespeakerseemtolikemost？A.Busy.B.Exciting.C.Quiet.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AImportantFactorsfor2022BeijingWinterOlympicGamesBeijinghasmadehistoryasthefirstcityintheworldtohavehostedboththeSummerandWinterOlympics.Let’slookbackonsomeoftheimportantfactorsthatmadethe2022BeijingWinterOlympicGamessoimpressive.TheOlympictorch(火炬)InrecognitionofBeijing’sstatus(地位)astheworld’sfirstcitytohostboththeSummerandWintergames,the2022Olympictorchfeaturedasimilardesigntothe2008Olympictorchbythe\nsamecolorcombinationandartisticforms.Whattrulytookviewers’breathawaywasthemomentwhentorchbearerspassedtheflametoanotherduringtheOlympicTorchRelay.ThetwoOlympictorcheslockedintoeachotheratthetop,whichrepresentedfireandice,symbolizinghowitwouldbringlightandwarmthtothewintersportsscene.TheOlympicmascots(吉祥物)TheWinterOlympicmascot“BingDwenDwen”,acartoonimageofapandawearingaspacesuit,lookslikeawintersportsathletefromthefuture.AsagreatcombinationofChinesecultureandtheOlympicspirit,“BingDwenDwen”hasenjoyedwidepopularityathomeandabroadsinceitsfirstappearancein2019.“HopefullyBingDwenDwencanbecomeaclassicandleavelastingmemoriesinOlympichistory,”saidCaoXue,headoftheBeijing2022mascotdesignteam.Soonaftertheannouncementof“BingDwenDwen”,Beijingorganizersalsointroduced“ShueyRhonRhon”asthemascotofthe2022BeijingParalympic(残奥会)WinterGames.Thesmarthigh-speedrailwayAsthecountdowntothe2022BeijingWinterOlympicscontinued,thenewhigh-speedrailwaylineconnectingthecapitalwithOlympichostcityZhangjiakoubegantoenterservice.Bycuttingthetraveltimebetweenthetwofromthreehoursto47minutes,thebullettraincanrunupto350kilometersperhourwithoutadriver,becomingtheworld’sfirstsmarthigh-speedrailway.So,whatmakesthem“smart”?Well,equippedwith5Gsignals,intelligentlightningandsensorstocollectreal-timedataanddetectanyoperationalproblems,thetrainscanautomaticallystart,stopandadjusttothedifferentspeedlimitsbetweenstations.1.Inwhatwaydidthe2022Olympictorchimpressviewers?A.Itsshowingupatthetop.B.Itsflame-passingmoment.C.Itscolorcombinationandartisticforms.D.Itsdesignsimilartothatofthe2008Olympictorch.2.Whyis“BingDwenDwen”sopopular?A.Becauseitisanathletewearingaspacesuit.B.BecauseitsymbolizesthenationaltreasureofChina.C.BecauseitshowsbothChinesecultureandtheOlympicspirit.D.BecauseithasalreadyplayedanimportantroleinOlympichistory.\n3.WhichstatementisNOTcorrectaboutthenewhigh-speedrailway?A.Itcameintoserviceafterthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicsbegan.B.ItcangreatlycutthetraveltimebetweenBeijingandZhangjiakou.C.Itbecomestheworld'sfirstsmarthigh-speedrailway.D.Thenewhigh-speedtrainscanautomaticallyrun.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍2022年北京冬奥会的3个重要因素：火炬，吉祥物和高铁。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whattrulytookviewers’breathawaywasthemomentwhentorchbearerspassedtheflametoanotherduringtheOlympicTorchRelay.”(真正让观众叹为观止的是火炬手在奥运火炬接力中将火炬传递给另一位火炬手的那一刻。)可知，真正让观众叹为观止的是，奥运火炬接力中火炬手将火炬传递给另一个人的那一刻。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AsagreatcombinationofChinesecultureandtheOlympicspirit,‘BingDwenDwen’hasenjoyedwidepopularityathomeandabroadsinceitsfirstappearancein2019.”(作为中国文化和奥林匹克精神的伟大结合，“冰墩墩”自2019年首次亮相以来，在国内外广受欢迎。)可知，冰墩墩受欢迎的原因是很好地融合了中国文化和奥运精神。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Asthecountdowntothe2022BeijingWinterOlympicscontinued,thenewhigh-speedrailwaylineconnectingthecapitalwithOlympichostcityZhangjiakoubegantoenterservice.”(随着2022年北京冬奥会的倒计时继续进行，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路开始通车。)可知，其中countdown意为倒计时，在北京冬奥会进入倒计时的时候，连接北京和张家口的新高速列车已经开始投入使用。所以A项错误。故选A。BCharlesDarwinwasbornintoafamilyofthinkers.HisfatherwasaFellowoftheRoyalSociety（theelitecircleoftopBritishscientists），hismotherwasthedaughterofJosiahWedgwood，themanwhofoundedthefamousWedgwoodPotteries，andhisgrandfather，ErasmusDarwin，wasafamousphysician，thinkerandphilosopherwho，likehisgrandson，spentmuchtimestudyingthe\nevolutionoflife.AfterachildhoodinthetownofShrewsbury，wherehewaseducatedattheGrammarSchool，DarwinwentuptoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicineandnaturalhistory.Whenhewaseighteen，heleftEdinburghandwenttoCambridgeUniversity，planningtoenterthechurch，buthewasmoreinterestedinsciencethaninreligionandlaterheabandonedtheology.ShortlyaftergraduatingfromCambridge，hegotajobasanaturalistontheshipH.M.S.Beagle，whichwasabouttostartonascientificandcartographic（地图的）surveyoftheSouthAmericancoast.ThejourneystartedinDecember1831andwastolastalmostfiveyears，duringwhichtimehecollectedconsiderabledocumentation.Darwinwasstruckbytheanimalsofthesouthseas，particularlybythetortoiseshefoundontheGalapagosIslands，agroupofPacificIslands.TheGalapagostortoises，Darwinobserved，differedfromislandtoisland，andthis，heinferred，showeddifferentformsofevolution，sincetheanimalsobviouslycamefromthesameorigins.Darwinwasalsostruckbytheiguanas（蜥蜴）hefound，andobservedthatthosewhichlivedinwaterhadheadssuitableforfindingfoodamongstones，whilethosethatlivedonlandhadasharperhead，morefitforaherbivorous（食草的）animal.Darwindevelopedhistheoryofevolution，butitwasnotuntil1859thatheactuallypublishedit.Itwasinstantlyseenasagreatmilestoneinscientificthought，andattractedviolentargumentalloverEurope.Manyfoundfaultinit，andDarwinspenttherestofhislifeimprovinghistheoryinthelightofotherpeople'sobservations.4.Whatisthepurposeofpara.1？A.Tohonourhisfamily.B.Toincreasehispopularity.C.Toshowhisfamily'sinfluenceonhim.D.Tohighlighthisfamily'scontributions.5WhatdidDarwinendupstudyingatCambridgeUniversity？A.Science.B.Theology.C.Medicine.D.Naturalhistory.6.Whyweretheiguanasdifferentfromislandtoisland？A.Becauseoftheirtypes.B.Becauseoftheirhabitats.\nC.Becauseoftheirfoods.D.Becauseoftheirorigins.7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDarwin'stheoryofevolution？A.Hefeltquitecontentwithit.B.Hepublisheditoncefinished.C.Itcausedaworldwidedisagreement.D.Itwasagreatbreakthroughinscience.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。本文章主要介绍了达尔文一生的生活经历和成就。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“CharlesDarwinwasbornintoafamilyofthinkers.(查尔斯·达尔文出生于一个思想家家庭。)”及后文对他父亲，母亲，祖父的介绍可知，达尔文的家人社会地位都很高，家人对达尔文的影响很大。所以第一段的写作目的是为了表明家庭对达尔文的影响。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“Whenhewaseighteen,heleftEdinburghandwenttoCambridgeUniversity,planningtoenterthechurch,buthewasmoreinterestedinsciencethaninreligionandlaterheabandonedtheology.(十八岁时，他离开爱丁堡，进入剑桥大学，打算进入教堂，但他对科学比对宗教更感兴趣，后来他放弃了神学。)”可知，达尔文进入剑桥大学后，对科学更感兴趣，故推知他在剑桥大学最终主修科学。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Darwinwasalsostruckbytheiguanas(蜥蜴)hefound,andobservedthatthosewhichlivedinwaterhadheadssuitableforfindingfoodamongstones,whilethosethatlivedonlandhadasharperhead,morefitforaherbivorous(食草的)animal.(达尔文也被他发现的蜥蜴所震撼了，并观察到那些生活在水中的蜥蜴的头部适合在石头中寻找食物，而那些生活在陆地上的蜥蜴有更锋利的头部，更适合食草动物。)可知，生活在水中的蜥蜴和生活在陆地上的蜥蜴是因为生活环境的不同导致生物进化差异。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwindevelopedhistheoryofevolution,butitwasnotuntil1859thatheactuallypublishedit.Itwasinstantlyseenasagreatmilestoneinscientificthought,andattractedviolentargumentalloverEurope.(达尔文发展了他的进化论，但直到1859年他才真正发表了它。它立即被视为科学思想的一个伟大里程碑，并引起了整个欧洲的激烈争论。)”可\n知，达尔文的进化论是科学思想的一个伟大的里程碑，是科学界的一个伟大的突破。故选D。C“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday？”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining，Toribrags，“YoubetIdid，Seantoldmetwodaysago.”WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout？Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly，AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis（a）notniceand（b）noteventrue.Still，LindseyandToriaren'tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool，includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip（闲话）.Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip：itcanhurtpeople，itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction，anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually，gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups，troubleathome，evendroppingout–thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis，thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless，butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful，thenwhydosomanyofusdoit？Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip：thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor（传言）canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon't.Similarly，hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup”.Inotherwords，gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority（优越感）.Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect：itstrengthensunwritten，unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms，thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid，thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedosanddon'tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews，thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.8.Whyisaconversationgivenatthebeginningofthepassage？A.Tointroduceatopic.B.Topresentanargument.C.Totellastory.D.Toclarifythewritingpurpose.\n9.Whatimportantnegativeeffectdoesgossiphave？A.Breakinguprelationships.B.Embarrassingthelistener.C.Spreadinginformationaround.D.Causingunpleasantexperiences.10.Whydomanypeopleliketogossip？A.Itgivesthemafeelingofpleasure.B.Ithelpsthemmakemorefriends.C.Itmakesthembetterattellingstories.D.Itenablesthemtomeetimportantpeople11.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinksthatgossipcanA.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.makepeoplewatchtheirownbehaviorsC.forceschooltoimprovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice'sattentiontogroupbehaviors【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了人们为什么喜欢传闲话。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一和第二段““DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”（“你听说亚当上周五发生了什么事吗?”林赛对托丽耳语道。托丽两眼放光，得意地说:“当然了，肖恩两天前告诉我的。”）”可知，这两段叙述了两个人在说别人闲话的场景。根据第三段中的“WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman,Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis（a）notniceand（b）noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren'tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip.（琳赛和托丽说的是谁?只是碰巧是你的真命天子，亚当·弗里德曼。我可以告诉你，他们说的是(a)不友好(b)甚至不真实。不过，林赛和托丽与林顿高中的大多数学生，包括我，并没有太大的不同。我们的许多谈话都是闲谈）”可知，说闲话这种事几乎人人都会做。根据“Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.（我注意到八卦的三个影响:它会伤害人，它会给说闲话的人一种奇怪的满足感，它会在一个群体中造成社会压力）”可知，下文主要叙述“说闲话”的三个影响。由此推知，文章开头引用两人的交谈是为了引出“说闲话”这个话题。故选A项。\n2.细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.（八卦的一个重要负面影响是，它会伤害被谈论的人）”可知流言会给被谈论的人带来不愉快的经历。故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.（答案就在于八卦的另一个影响:它给我们带来的满足感）”可知散播流言能给人带来满足感，即快乐的感觉。故选A项。4.细节理解题。根据第六段的第二句“ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.（大卫·威尔逊教授解释说，八卦在监督群体行为方面很重要）”可知流言在监督一个群体内的行为方面很重要。故选B项。DIfhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences-calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth,iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfrom\ngasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Flyingatnight,birdstendtocrashintobrightlylittallbuildingsFrogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormalthrowingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.12.Whydowehumanslightupthenight?A.Togooutsidehappily.B.Toadaptitforourselves.C.Toprovetherevolutionaryfact.D.Tolearnaboutnocturnalspecies.13.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto_________.A.provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined14.Whatcanbeimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.Humanbeingscannotgototheouterspace.B.Lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimals.C.Lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritages.D.Humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLightB.TheOrangeHazeC.TheDisappearingNightD.TheRhythmsofNature【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.C【解析】\n【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.(而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第四句“Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.(这种效应是如此强烈，以至于科学家们说，陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的气体照明弹发出的光，会“捕捉”到鸣禽和海鸟)”以及第五段第一句“Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.(生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙在夜间受到比平时高出一百万倍的强光照射，几乎使它们的所有行为都失常了，包括它们在夜间繁殖时发出的叫声)”可以推知，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.(从非常真实的意义上说，光污染使我们看不见自己在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们自身的规模，而这个规模是最好的衡量标准，是用银河系——我们星系的边缘——拱形的头顶上的黑夜的维度来衡量的)”可推断，最后一段暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.(我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected(无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.(生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光)”可知，本文主要介绍人\n类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。故“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.____16____Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork?Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksalallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.____17____Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.___18___Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.____19____Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.___20___Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.CBeingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.\nE.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.E20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．【16题详解】根据前文becausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项“然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。【17题详解】根据前文Risk-takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。【18题详解】根据前文Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。【19题详解】根据前文scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。【20题详解】根据下文Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.\n不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作”承接下文。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thesoundofglassbreakingisinstantlyrecognizable.“Oh,no,notthevase!”Missisaid___21___.“You'remybestfriend.Ifyouhadbrokenanythingelseintheapartment,IwouldhavegladlysaidIdidit.Butyouaregoingtohavetotellmymomthatitwasyour___22___andshe'sgoingtobereallymad.”Iwas___23___.I'ddestroyedapricelessfamilyheirloom(传家宝)whileplayinginMissi'shouse.Acoupleofminutesaftersixweheardakey___24___inthedoor.Hermomreturnedhome.“I'msosorry…”Isaidhelplessly.Shewas___25___andsaidnothingwhenshesawthe___26___ontheground.Thisterrifiedmeevenmore.Thensheeruptedintoaloudscreamof___27___thatfilledtheentireapartment.She___28___mekissingmeonbothcheeks.“Thankyou!Ialways___29___thatuglyvase,butIhadtokeepitbecauseitwas___30___inmyfamily.Nowit'sgone!You'vedonemeagreatservice!”She___31___meagain.Icouldn'tstopthetearsrunningdownmyface.Iwassorelievedtohave___32___,butIwasalsoinshock.Thiswasnotatallthe___33___Ihadexpected.I'lladmititwasn'tuntilI___34___myadultyearsthatIrecognizedhowgenerousandkindMissi'smomwas!Shetaughtmealessonthathas___35___withmeforever.21.A.surprisedlyB.disappointedlyC.sadlyD.nervously22.A.trickB.faultC.ideaD.motivation23.A.terrifiedB.boredC.depressedD.pleased24.A.ringB.flowC.turnD.handle25.A.breathlessB.restlessC.aimlessD.expressionless\n26.A.piecesB.keysC.glassesD.flowers27.A.panicB.joyC.painD.surprise28.A.slappedB.interruptedC.huggedD.caught29.A.hatedB.treasuredC.heldD.watched30.A.takenupB.keptupC.turneddownD.passeddown31.A.praisedB.kissedC.warnedD.blamed32.A.apologizedB.criedC.liedD.cooperated33.A.practiceB.serviceC.routeD.reaction34.A.metB.reachedC.finishedD.spent35.A.sharedB.agreedC.stuckD.exchanged【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在Missi家里玩儿的时候不小心打破了Missi妈妈的传家宝花瓶，作者诚实地道歉了，Missi妈妈原谅了作者，且说自己不喜欢那个花瓶，现在打破了反而是好事，作者惊讶于Missi妈妈的反应，成年后才明白Missi妈妈的慷慨。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“哦，不，不是花瓶！”Missi伤心地说。A.surprisedly吃惊地；B.disappointedly失望地；C.sadly伤心地；D.nervously紧张地。由上文的“Oh,no,notthevase”可知，作者不希望那个花瓶被打碎，现在打碎了，因此应该觉得伤心，故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是你必须告诉我妈妈这是你的错，她会非常生气的。A.trick窍门；B.fault过错；C.idea主意；D.motivation动机。由上文的“Ifyouhadbrokenanythingelse”可知，是作者打破了花瓶，因此Missi的意思是“这是你的错”，空格处是“过错”，故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我吓坏了。A.terrified害怕的；B.bored无聊的；C.depressed沮丧的；D.pleased高兴的。由第6空后的“Thisterrifiedmeevenmore”可知，作者为打破了花瓶而感到害怕，故选A。\n【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：六点过后几分钟，我们听到钥匙在门上转动的声音。A.ring戒指；B.flow流动；C.turn转动；D.handle把手。由后文的“Hermomreturnedhome”可知，她妈妈回来要先开门，因此作者是听到钥匙在门上转动的声音，故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她看到地上的碎片时，面无表情，什么也没说。A.breathless喘不过气来的；B.restless坐立不安的；C.aimless漫无目的的；D.expressionless无表情的。由“saidnothing”可知，她应该是对打破花瓶这件事没什么反应，什么也没说，也没表情，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她看到地上的碎片时，面无表情，什么也没说。A.pieces碎片；B.keys钥匙；C.glasses玻璃杯；D.flowers花。由第10空后的“Nowit'sgone”可知，花瓶被打破了，地上是碎片，故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她爆发出一声欢乐的尖叫，传遍了整个房间。A.panic恐慌；B.joy高兴；C.pain疼痛；D.surprise惊喜。由第10空后的“You'vedonemeagreatservice”可知，Missi妈妈看见花瓶打破了，觉得是好事，因此应该感到高兴，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拥抱我，亲吻我的双颊。A.slapped拍打；B.interrupted打断；C.hugged拥抱；D.caught抓住。由“kissingmeonbothcheeks”可知，Missi妈妈对作者是很友善的，所以是“拥抱”作者，故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直讨厌那个难看的花瓶，但我不得不留着它，因为它是我家传下来的。A.hated讨厌；B.treasured珍爱；C.held握住；D.watched观看。由后文的“You'vedonemeagreatservice”可知，花瓶打破了，Missi妈妈觉得作者做了一件好事，所以Missi妈妈是讨厌那个花瓶，故选A。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我一直讨厌那个难看的花瓶，但我不得不留着它，因为它是我家传下来的。A.takenup占据；B.keptup保持；C.turneddown拒绝；D.passeddown传下来。由“inmyfamily”和第二段的“heirloom”可\n知，那是传家宝，所以是在家里传下来的，故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她又吻了我一下。A.praised表扬；B.kissed吻；C.warned警告；D.blamed责备。由第8空后的“kissingmeonbothcheeks”可知，此次应该是第二次亲作者，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道歉让我松了口气，但我也很震惊。A.apologized道歉；B.cried哭；C.lied撒谎；D.cooperated合作。由第四段的“I'msosorry”可知，作者是在给Missi妈妈道歉，道完歉自己觉得松了口气，故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这完全不是我所预料的反应。A.practice练习；B.service服务；C.route路线；D.reaction反应。由上文的“Iwasalsoinshock”可知，作者觉得很惊讶，因为这不是作者所预料到的反应，故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得承认，直到我成年，我才意识到Missi的妈妈是多么慷慨和善良！A.met遇见；B.reached到达；C.finished完成；D.spent花费。由后文的“IrecognizedhowgenerousandkindMissi'smomwas”可知，作者到了成年才意识到Missi的妈妈是多么慷慨和善良，因此空格处是“到达”，故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给我上了一课，让我终生难忘。A.shared分享；B.agreed同意；C.stuck铭记在心；D.exchanged交换。由“forever”可知，句子表示的是“这让我终生难忘”，stickwithsb.意为“紧跟着某人”，故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LiuGenghong,aTaiwan-bornsinger,hastakentheInternetbystormandsparkedafitnesswavewithhisworkoutlivestreams(直播)onDouyin,China’sversionofTikTok.Liu’sworkoutsessionshavebeensopopularthat____36____havebrokenDouyin’slivestreamingrecordfor2022sofar.Withinonemonth,Liu’slivestreams____37____(view)nearly100milliontimes,____38____hismostpopularsessionattractingover44millionliveviews.ChinesemusicianJayChou’ssongsoftenserve____39____Liu’sbackgroundmusic.Oneofhis\nmost-watchedfitness____40____(routine)issetto“HerbalistManual”(《本草纲目》)fromJayChou’sStillFantasyalbum.“IwanttoslapmylegwheneverIhear‘HerbalistManual’now”sharedanetizen.____41____Liu’sdancemoveslooksimple,theyareoftentoohardforhisaudience____42____(follow).Manynetizensevenjokedthatthe49-year-oldwasfacinga____43____(popular)contestwithLiJiaqi,China’s“livestreamingking”____44____(know)forhissalestechniques.“LiJiaqiemptiesourwallet,____45____LiuGenghongemptiesourbody,”jokedanetizen.【答案】36.they37.havebeenviewed##wereviewed38.with39.as40.routines41.Although##Though##While42.tofollow43.popularity44.known45.while【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍刘畊宏直播健身走红网络。【36题详解】考查代词。句意：刘的训练课非常受欢迎，到目前为止，已经打破了抖音2022年的直播记录。分析句子结构，本句是复合句，从句部分缺少主语，根据句意可知，主语代指的是主句中的sessions，是复数，所以应该用they来代指。故填they。【37题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在一个月内，刘的直播被观看了近一亿次，其中他最受欢迎的一次直播吸引了4400多万次观看。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以view做谓语动词，它和主语livestreams之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，描述的事发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，又本句可理解为“刘的直播至今已被观看了近一亿次”，所以也可用现在完成时。故填wereviewed或者havebeenviewed。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：在一个月内，刘的直播被观看了近一亿次，其中他最受欢迎的一次直播吸引了4400多万次观看。根据后文的宾语hismostpopularsession与宾补attracting\n可知，此处为with的复合结构，故填with。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：华人音乐人周杰伦的歌曲经常作为刘哄宏的背景音乐。此处固定短语serveas意为“用作……”。故填as。【40题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他最受关注的健身直播之一是用周杰伦《依然范特西》专辑中的《本草纲目》。根据空前的oneof可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填routines,【41题详解】考查连词。句意：尽管他的跳跃动作看起来很简单，但常常因为强度大网友跟不上。根据句意可知，此处是让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，应用although/though/while引导。故填Although/Though/While。【42题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：尽管他的跳跃动作看起来很简单，但常常因为强度大网友跟不上。此处为固定搭配too+adj+todo“太……而不能”，此处用动词不定式。故填tofollow。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：许多网民甚至开玩笑说，49岁的他正与李佳琪较量人气。李佳琪是中国的“直播之王”，以销售策略著称。此处意为“人气竞争”，表达为apopularitycontest，应用名词作定语。故填popularity。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多网民甚至开玩笑说，49岁的他正与李佳琪较量人气。李佳琪是中国的“直播之王”，以销售策略著称。beknownas为固定短语，意为“作为……而出名”。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语作后置定语修饰livestreamingking。故填known.【45题详解】考查连词。句意：“李先生掏空了我们的钱包，刘畊宏掏空了我们的身体”，一位网民开玩笑说。根据句意可知，前后是对比的关系，应用表示对比的连词while。故填while。第三节课文默写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A根据课文内容填空。TuYouyouhasbecome____46____ofthePRCtoreceiveaNobelPrize，____47____tothefightagainstmalaria，oneof____48____inhumanhistory.____49____ofqinhaosu，malaria\npatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatly____50____ofsurvival.Bornin1930，inNingbo，ZhejiangProvince，TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.____51____，sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine，____52____ofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.【答案】46.thefirstfemalescientist47.awardedforhercontribution48.thedeadliestdiseases49.Thankstoherdiscovery50.increasedchance51.Aftergraduation52.acquiringabroadknowledge【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦。【46题详解】考查数次和名词。句意：屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，获奖理由是她对抗击疟疾做出的贡献。结合上下文可知，该处意为“第一个女性科学家”，“第一个”表达为first，“女性”表达为female，“科学家”表达为scientist，序数词前需加定冠词the。故答案为thefirstfemalescientist。【47题详解】考查非谓语固定短语。句意：屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，获奖理由是她对抗击疟疾做出的贡献。结合上下文可知，该处意为“为了她的贡献给予奖励”，固定短语awardfor意为“给……授奖”，又本句已有谓语，所以award应用非谓语形式，它与主语屠呦呦之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式，hercontribution意为“她的贡献”。故填awardedforhercontribution。【48题详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。结合上下文可知，该处意为“最致命的疾病”，deadly意为“致命的”，此处应该用最高级，最高级前应该要加the，disease意为“疾病”，其是可数名词，根据前面的oneof，应该用复数形式。故填thedeadliest\ndiseases。【49题详解】考查固定短语。句意：多亏她发现了青蒿素，全世界的疟疾患者现在都有了很大的生存机会。结合上下文可知，该处意为“幸亏她的发现”，thanksto意为“幸亏”，其位于句首，首字母应该大写，discovery意为“发现”。故填Thankstoherdiscovery。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏她发现了青蒿素，全世界的疟疾患者现在都有了很大的生存机会。结合上下文可知，该处意为“提高了机会”，increase意为“提高”，分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词havehad，所以increase应用非谓语动词，其与主语survival是被动关系，所以应用过去分词，chance意为“机会”。故填increasedchance。【51题详解】考查介词和名词。句意：毕业后，她在中医学院工作。结合上下文可知，该处意为“毕业后”，所以此处应用介词after意为“在...之后”，其在句首，首字母应该大写。graduation意为“毕业”。故填Aftergraduation。【52题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她完成了中医进修课程，对中医和西医都有广泛的认识。结合上下文可知，该处意为“获得广泛的知识”，acquire意为“获得”，分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语completed，所以应该用非谓语形式，acquire和主语she之间是主动关系，表示已发生的事，应该用现在分词形式，固定搭配abroad意为“宽阔的”，knowledge意为“知识”。故填acquiringabroadknowledge。B根据课文内容填空。Thereare____53____ofwaterpollution.Largeamountsof____54____poisonthewateraftertheyenterwaterbodies.Moreover，animalandhumanwastepollutesthewater.Waterpollutionisalsocausedbypoisonouschemicals____55____.【答案】53.variouscauses54.industrialwaste55.usedinagriculture.【解析】【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要说明造成水污染的原因。\n【53题详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：造成水污染的原因有很多。结合上下文，可知此处填“各种各样的原因”，various意为“各种各样的”，cause意为“原因”，是可数名词，所以此处应用复数形式。故填variouscauses。【54题详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：大量的工业废料进入水体后会使水中毒。结合上下文，可知此处填“工业废料”，industrial意为“工业的”，waste意为“废料”，为不可数名词。故填industrialwaste。【55题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业中使用的有毒化学物质也会造成水污染。结合上下文，可知此处填“用于农业”，use意为“使用”，分词句子结构可知，本句已有谓语is，所以应用非谓语动词，use和主语chemicals之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动，根据句意表示“在农业中”，故用介词in，agriculture意为“农业”。故填usedinagriculture。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）56.假如你是李华，6月5日是世界环境日（WorldEnvironmentDay），你校将于6月开展环境保护主题活动，请你代表学生会，写一封倡议信，呼吁同学们积极行动，做力所能及的事情保护环境。内容包括：1.保护环境重要性；2.有效的环境保护措施。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudentUnion\n【答案】Dearfellowstudents,WorldEnvironmentDayfallsonJune5everyyearandit’shightimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.Theearth,asourprecioushome,needstobewellcherished.Besides,protectingenvironmentisofgreatsignificancetomaintainthelastingdevelopingofoursociety.Someeffectivemethodsforenvironmentalprotectionarerecommended.Tobeginwith,makepublicvehiclesyourpriorchoiceoftransportation.Furthermore,saveelectricityaswellaswater.Lastbutnotleast,trytouseenvironment-friendlyshoppingbagswhenpurchasinginthemarket.Smallactionscanmakeagreatdifferencetotheenvironment,soIappealtoallofyoutojoinintheseactivitiestomaketheworldabetterplace.TheStudentUnion【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“6月5日是世界环境日（WorldEnvironmentDay），你校将于6月开展环境保护主题活动”一事，写一封倡议信，呼吁同学们积极行动，做力所能及的事情保护环境，内容包括：1.保护环境的重要性；2.有效的环境保护措施。【详解】1.词汇积累采取措施做某事：takeactiontodosth.→takemeasurestodosth.此外：besides→what’smore选择：choice→selection使用：use→nakeuseof2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Theearth,asourprecioushome,needstobewellcherished.拓展句：Theearth,whichisourprecioushome,needstobewellcherished.【点睛】【高分句型1】WorldEnvironmentDayfallsonJune5everyyearandit’shightimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.(运用了it’shightimethat...固定句型，其中用了虚拟语气)【高分句型2】Lastbutnotleast,trytouseenvironment-friendlyshoppingbagswhenpurchasinginthemarket.(运用了when引导时间状语从句的省略句)\n第二节（满分25分）57.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Herbalmedicine，whichhasbeenusedformedicinalpurposes，istheuseofplantstotreatdisease.Manyherbalistsusetheentireplant，fromtheflowers，stems，leaves，androots，intheformofeverythingfromteastotablets.Theseplantscontainnatural，chemicalthingsthatcantreatthebodyforavarietyofdiseases，suchasallergies（过敏症），asthma（哮喘）andcancer，amongothers.Nowadaysanincreasingnumberofpeopleprefertoadopttheseplantstotreattheirdiseasesbecause，comparedwithchemicalmedicine，herbalmedicinehasitsownadvantages.Herbalmedicineismoreeffectivethanchemicalmedicineforcertaindiseases.Thechemicalmedicineprescribedbyachemistcouldhavenegativesideeffects，which，however，manyoftheherbalmedicinedoesnothave.Ifany，theyaresofterthanchemicalmedicine.Obesityisthecauseofmanyofthehealthproblems.Herbalmedicinecanhelpweightlossmoreeffectivelyandimproveoverallhealth.However，cureusingherbalmedicinewouldtakesometime，andthereforepeoplearesupposedtopossessenoughpatience.Worsestill，herbalmedicinecontainsavarietyofingredients（成分）andpeoplehavetobesurethattheirbodyagreeswiththeingredientsandthatitisnotallergic.Apointworthmentioninghereisthatsomeherbalmedicineforcertainillnessesmayhavenegativesideeffects.Thesesideeffectsmaynotbeshownatonce，butwouldtakemonthsorevenyears.Inthefirststages，iftheherbalmedicineisnotagreeingwithyou，itiswisetostopusingit.Whenusedcorrectly，herbscanhelptreatavarietyofdiseases.Butkeepinmindthattheherbalmedicineindustryisnotregulated，soherbalproductsaresometimeslabeledwronglyandmaycontainadditivesthatarenotlistedonthelabel.Someherbsmaycauseallergicreactionsorinteractwithconventionaldrugs，andsomearepoisonousifusedimproperlyorathighdoses（剂量）.Takingherbsonyourownincreasesyourrisk.【答案】Herbalmedicine,abstractedfromentireplantsinvariousforms,isawayoftreatingsomediseases.Ithasmoreadvantagesoverchemicalmedicineowingtoitsbettereffectivenessandmildersideeffects.However,herbalmedicinealsohassomedisadvantagesliketime-consumingrecovery,possibleallergyandnegativesideeffects.Therefore,itisaadvisableforustouseherbscautiouslyincaseofsomepotentiallyriskyconsequences.\n【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。草药是从各种形式的整株植物中提取出来的，是治疗某些疾病的一种方法。它比化学药物具有更好的疗效和更温和的副作用。然而，草药也有一些缺点，如恢复时间长，可能过敏和负面的副作用。因此，我们建议谨慎使用草药，以防出现一些潜在的危险后果。【详解】1.要点摘录①Herbalmedicine,whichhasbeenusedformedicinalpurposes,istheuseofplantstotreatdiseases.②Herbalmedicineismoreeffectivethanchemicalmedicineforcertaindiseases.③Apointworthmentioninghereisthatsomeherbalmedicineforcertainillnessesmayhavenegativesideeffects.Thesesideeffectsmaynotbeshownatonce，butwouldtakemonthsorevenyears.④Butkeepinmindthattheherbalmedicineindustryisnotregulated，soherbalproductsaresometimeslabeledwronglyandmaycontainadditivesthatarenotlistedonthelabel.2.缜密构思将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组3.遣词造句Herbalmedicine,abstractedfromentireplantsinvariousforms,isawayoftreatingsomediseases.Ithasmoreadvantagesoverchemicalmedicineowingtoitsbettereffectivenessandmildersideeffects..However,herbalmedicinealsohassomedisadvantagesliketime-consumingrecovery,possibleallergyandnegativesideeffects.Therefore,itisaadvisableforustouseherbscautiouslyincaseofsomepotentiallyriskyconsequences.【点睛】[高分句型1.]Herbalmedicine,abstractedfromentireplantsinvariousforms,isawayoftreatingsomediseases.（现在分词做定语）[高分句型2.]Therefore,itisaadvisableforustouseherbscautiouslyincaseofsomepotentiallyriskyconsequences.（itisadj.forsb.todosth.句型，其中it做形式主语）听力答案：1-20BCCACABBCBACCBCCBCAB
