课时提能练(六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(福建省福州市2020届高三毕业班适应性练习)Asakid,JoannaBuckleywasn'tinterestedinscience—untilshehadachancetotryit.ThathappenedwhenshegotachemistrysetforChristmas.“Overthecourseofafewweeks,I'dcompletedeveryexperiment.Butintheprocess,Ipollutedmyparent'sdiningroomcarpetandburnedthekitchenworktopwiththespiritburner，”shesays.NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksinthechemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.“Irealize,firsthand,itisimportantthatsomethingorsomeonecanshowyouwhyscienceissogreat，”shesays.Nowthegoodnewsisthatcitizenscienceappears.CitizensciencetakesthefunofexperimentingastepfurtherthanBuckley'sathomechemistrykit.That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment,what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose，”saysPrunuske,whoteachesmicrobiologyandimmunologyatamedicalcollege.“Studentswanttodoagoodjob,becausetheyknowscientistsaregoingtousethenewdataintheirownresearch.”JenniferLong'sjobistocoordinate(协调)educationandoutreach.SheagreeswithPrunuske.“Kidslikethatit'sreal.Andtheylikethatit'simportant,thatitmatters.”Citizenscienceprojectshavemadebigdiscoveries.Onefoundapreviouslyunknowngalaxycluster(星团)．AnotherprojecthelpedassesshowmuchdamageabigearthquakehadcausedinJapan.Andoneofthefirstcitizenscienceprojectshelpedscientistslearnwheremonarchbutterfliesgoeverywinter.“Someadultsworryaboutteenslosinginterestinscience.That'sonereasonwhytheyhopethatfun,excitingcitizenscienceprojectscanhelpthemkeepengaged，”Longsays.Andshehassomeevidencethatit'sworking.“Lastyear,acoupleofstudentsdidsay,‘IreallythinkIwanttobeascientistnow.’”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要通过乔安娜·巴克利在圣诞节时得到一套化学实验装备，并且从此爱上做实验，爱上科学的故事，引出公民科学对激发青少年对科学的兴趣的作用。1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?\nA．Tosupporttrialscanmaketeensinterestedinscience.B．Toprovefailureisthemotherofsuccessinscience.C．TostateBuckleyhasatalentforscience.D．TopraiseBuckleyforherstrongwill.A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Overthecourseofafewweeks，I'dcompletedeveryexperiment.”可知，乔安娜·巴克利在几周内做完了全部实验。结合下文讲述的她成了一名科学家可推知，第二段的写作目的在于支持实验可以让青少年对科学产生兴趣这一观点。故选A项。]2．Whyiscitizensciencemorefun?A．Itneedstoseeknewsolutions.B．Itcarriesoutexperimentsfrequently.C．Itmustcarryoutexperimentsingroups.D．Itdemandstohandlecomplexproblems.A [细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，公民科学实验比巴克利的家庭化学仪器更有趣。因为这些实验是真实的，旨在寻找新奇答案。由此可知，公民科学更有趣的原因是它需要寻找新的解决方法。故选A项。]3．WhatcanweknowfromwhatPrunuskesaid?A．Sheparticipatedintheexperiment.B．Shetookprideinwhatstudentstookup.C．Citizenscienceispopularwithstudents.D．Scientistsarewillingtoemploystudents.C [推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，在一所医学院中教授微生物学和免疫学的普吕努斯克说：“与一次性实验相比，公民科学的魅力在于学生们明白这是有目的的。学生们想把工作做好，因为他们知道科学家们将在他们自己的研究中使用这些新数据。”因此，普吕努斯克所说的话表明，公民科学受到了学生的欢迎。故选C项。]4．WhatisLong'sattitudetowardcitizenscience?A．Concerned. B．Supportive.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，青少年失去了对于科学的兴趣是一些人希望公民科学项目能帮助青少年参与其中的原因之一。朗表示她有一些证据表明这是可行的，因为去年有几个学生表示自己未来想成为科学家。由此可推知，朗对于公民科学的态度是支持的。故选B项。]B(2020年日照市重点中学高三5月份联考)OnHoxtonStreetinEastLondonthereis\naveryspecialchildren'swritingandmentoring(辅导)centrecalledtheMinistryofStories,whichisfrontedbyitsshop,HoxtonStreetMonster(怪兽)Supplies,whereyoucanexpecttofindmonsterfood.Theshopraisesfundsforthisveryspecialprogramthatfireschildren'simagination.Theyouthaged8to18entertheMinistrythroughasecretdoorthatisdesignedtoopenaworldofopportunitybyencouragingaloveforwriting.Theorganizationbelievesthat,“Writingincreasesselfrespect,improvescommunication—andcanchangelives.”That'sbecausewritingallowschildren'svoicestobeheard.Thisyear,theworkshopiscelebrating10yearsofhelpingchildrendiscoveraloveforwritingthroughcreativeprograms.FoundedbyLucyMacnab,BenPayneandbestsellingauthorNickHornby,theorganizationworkswitharound1,000childrenperyearparticipatinginschools,andcommunityprogramsacrossHackney，Islington,andTowerHamlets.Itnowhasover400volunteersandrunsitsprogramsfreeofchargefortheyouthoftheareas.“Througharangeofcreativewritingprograms,andonetoonementoring,weaimtohelpyoungpeoplefindtheirownqualitiesthatcanbedeveloped，”MacnabtoldTheTelegraph.“Webuildconfidence，selfrespect，andcommunicationskillsinbothworkshopsforschoolsandoutofschoolwritingclubs.”One10yearparticipant,Nmeso,saidthattheweeklyafterschoolclubheattendsattheMinistryhashelpedhimgrowhisimaginationandimprovehisacademicperformance.Infact,hewasabletomoveupagradeinschool.What'sevenmoreremarkableisthatNmesohashadastoryhewrotepublished—alongwithotherwritersintheprogram—titledAndrehasaHardTime.ThisisNmeso'ssuccessstory.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述的是东伦敦一个名为theMinistryofStories的写作辅导中心以激发孩子们的想象力为宗旨来培养孩子们对写作的喜爱。5．WhatisthefunctionofHoxtonStreetMonsterSupplies?A．Advertisingthementoringcentre.B．Attractingyoungchildrentocome.C．SupportingtheMinistryofStories.D．Arousingchildren'sinterestinfood.C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“theMinistryofStories，whichisfrontedbyitsshop，HoxtonStreetMonster(怪兽)Supplies”“Theshopraisesfundsforthisveryspecialprogramthatfireschildren'simagination”可知，HoxtonStreetMonster\nSupplies食品店为这个辅导中心筹集资金，即该店铺为这个辅导中心提供资金支持。故选C项。]6．Whyaresomefiguresusedinthetext?A．Toprovetheprogramispopular.B．Tosuggestwritingisvitalforchildren.C．Toattractreaders'attentiontothecenter.D．Toshowrunningtheprogramisrewarding.A [推理判断题。文中第三段提到该项目已经运营足足十年，每年大约1000名孩子参与活动，400多名志愿者参与这个项目，这足以说明这个活动是很受欢迎的。故选A项。]7．Whatdoestheprogramintendtodo?A．Helpthechildrenexpressopinions.B．Givethechildrenafutureplan.C．Developthechildren'swritingskills.D．Discoverthechildren'spotential.D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Througharangeofcreativewritingprograms，andonetoonementoring，weaimtohelpyoungpeoplefindtheirownqualitiesthatcanbedeveloped”可知，这个写作活动帮助孩子们发现自己的潜能。故选D项。]8．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutNmeso?A．Heistenyearsoldthisyear.B．Hehasbenefitedalotfromtheprogram.C．He'sgothisownbookpublished.D．Hebecomesveryfamousasayoungwriter.B [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Nmeso参加活动十年之久，这个项目培养了他的想象力并提升了他的在校成绩等级，而且他和辅导中心的其他孩子一起写了一个故事，并且故事被发表了，这些都表明他从这个项目中受益颇多。故选B项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·新高考八省联考卷)ThishappenedwhenIwasten.OnanormalSunday，IwenttothebarbershopwhereIalwayswent.Thatday，alongwiththebarbertherewasanassistant，whohadrecently1theshop.SoIsatforthehaircut.Theuncleaskedmehow2Iwantedit.Ianswered，“Justdoasmydadhad3youthelasttime.”Hesmiled.Beforestartingthe4，headded，“WhatifIkeepitlong？”I5hewasjoking.SoIjokedtoo.Isaid，“Ican't6whatwouldhappentoyourshopthen！”ThemomentIsaidittheassistant7frombehind.“Howdaredoyousaythat！Who\nareyoutotakeusdown，eh？”IadmitIwastoo8atthatmomentandtheunclestandingbesidemewasgivingmean9look.Fromthatdayon，I10stoppedjokingaboutanyone'sprofessionandwork.Itisoneofthemost11incidentsinmylife，whichtaughtmeto12theprofessionandworkofaperson，nomatterhow13theyare.I'm14thattheassistantrespondedinawaythatmademerethinkthepowerofmywords.Wordsdomakea15.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者小时候在一次理发时跟理发师开玩笑的经历让自己意识到语言的威力。1．A.leftB．openedC．joinedD．visitedC [考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。A.left离开；B.opened打开；C.joined加入；D.visited拜访。根据“whohadrecently...theshop”可知，我经常去的理发店新来了一位助手。故选C。]2．A.muchB．longC．oftenD．soonB [考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位叔叔问我剪多长的头发。A.much很多；B.long长久；C.often经常；D.soon很快。根据“SoIsatforthehaircut.”可知，我去理发店，理发店叔叔问我剪多长的头发。故选B。]3．A.instructedB．invitedC．promisedD．convincedA [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答：“和上次我爸爸告诉你的一样长就行”。A.instructed指导；B.invited邀请；C.promised答应；D.convinced确信。根据“thelasttime”可知，上次来剪头发时，作者的爸爸给理发师说过要给作者理发的长度。故选A。]4．A.discussionB．journeyC．trainingD．haircutD [考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始理发前，他又说道：“如果我剪长了呢？”。A.discussion讨论；B.journey旅程；C.training训练；D.haircut剪发。根据“SoIsatforthehaircut.”可知，理发师是在开始理发之前又说了一句话。故选D。]5．A.agreedB．heardC．hopedD．knewD [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他是在开玩笑。A.agreed同意；B.heard听到；C.hoped希望；D.knew知道。根据“SoIjoked\ntoo.”可知，我知道理发师说那句话是在开玩笑。故选D。]6．A.forgetB．tolerateC．guaranteeD．understandC [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可不能保证到时候你的理发店会发生什么。A.forget忘记；B.tolerate忍受；C.guarantee确保；D.understand理解。根据“SoIjokedtoo.”可知，我在开玩笑，剪坏我的头发，他的理发店会遭殃。故选C。]7．A.urgedB．shoutedC．laughedD．helpedB [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚一说完，那个助手从身后大喊。A.urged敦促；B.shouted喊叫；C.laughed大笑；D.helped帮助。根据“Howdaredoyousaythat!”可知，助手当真，大喊起来。故选B。]8．A.angryB．proudC．scaredD．curiousC [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。A.angry生气的；B.proud骄傲的；C.scared害怕的；D.curious好奇的。根据“Whoareyoutotakeusdown,eh?”可知，我当时才10岁，被那位助手的质问吓坏了。故选C。]9．A.anxiousB．appealingC．encouragingD．awkwardD [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。A.anxious焦虑的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.encouraging鼓舞的；D.awkward尴尬的。根据“IwenttothebarbershopwhereIalwayswent”可知，理发师对新助手给常客说的话感到尴尬。故选D。]10．A.suddenlyB．completelyC．temporarilyD．regularlyB [考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我彻底不再拿关于别人的职业和工作开玩笑。A.suddenly突然；B.completely完全地；C.temporarily临时；D.regularly有规律地。根据“admitIwastoo...”可知，作者通过理发时开玩笑的不愉快经历学到的教训是不要在关于别人的工作这一点上开玩笑。故选B。]11．A.importantB．excitingC．strangeD．interestingA [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他们有多么渺小。A.important重要的；B.exciting兴奋的；C.strange奇怪的；D.interesting有趣的。根据“whichtaught\nme”可知，作者认为这件事是很重要的事情。故选A。]12．A.learnB．enterC．changeD．respectD [考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他们有多么渺小。A.learn学习；B.enter进入；C.change改变；D.respect尊重。根据“I...stoppedjokingaboutanyone'sprofessionandwork”可知，故选D。]13．A.hardB．smallC．goodD．complexB [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他们有多么渺小。A.hard难的；B.small小的；C.good好的；D.complex复杂的。根据“nomatterhow”得知，不论对方是多小的人物，我也要给予尊重。故选B。]14．A.sorryB．confidentC．gratefulD．embarrassedC [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激那位店员的回应，这种回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。A.sorry抱歉的；B.confident自信的；C.grateful感激的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“mademerethinkthepowerofmywords”可知，作者感激那位店员让自己意识到说话要尊重别人，故选C。]15．A.differenceB．mistakeC．choiceD．jokeA [考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言真能产生影响。A.difference不同；B.mistake错误；C.choice选择；D.joke玩笑。根据“mademerethinkthepowerofmywords”可知，作者感悟，语言很重要。makeadifference“有影响，起作用”故选A。]Ⅲ.语法填空(山东省齐鲁名校2020届高三阶段复习达标检测)Researchersfind,notjustdailywalksorcontrollingsaltinyourdiet,learningsomehuladancesteps1.________(be)alsohelpfulinloweringyourbloodpressure.ThehulaisadancedevelopedbythePolynesianswho2.________(original)settledintheHawaiianIslands.NativeHawaiianswhoparticipatedinabloodpressureloweringprogrammeinvolvingtheirculturaldanceofhula3.________(reduce)theirbloodpressuremorethanthosewhoreceivedstandardeducationondietandexercise.Theparticipantssaidthehulahelpedmeettheir4.________(spirit)andculturalneeds.Theseresultsmayalsobeapplied5.________othergroupsalthoughthestudywasconductedinNativeHawaiians.Theyprove6.________ideathatformostpeople,the\nbestphysicalactivityfortheirhealthisonethatmakesthem7.________(breath)alittlefasterandgetstheirheartbeatingalittlefaster.8.________that'sdancing，biking，swimming,orsurfing,thekeyistomovemoreandmoreoften.Whilethephysical9.________(benefit)ofdancinghulaareclear,otherpositiveimpactsincludecreatingsocialsupportandincreasingselfconfidence.Othersimilarculturalactivities,especiallythosemeetingnationalguidelines，andsocialandculturalactivities10.________(motivate)peopletomakebehaviouralchanges,couldbeusedinasimilarwayinotherlocalgroups.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主要介绍了夏威夷草裙舞，它能够降低血压，有益健康。1．is [考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语是动名词短语learningsomehuladancesteps，故空处填is。注意：不要受steps的影响而用are。]2．originally [考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词settled，应用副词。]3．reduced [考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句主句缺少谓语动词，根据从句用一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时。]4．spiritual [考查词性转换。and连接两个并列的形容词修饰名词needs，故此处填spiritual“精神上的”。]5．to [考查介词。此处表示“适用于”，故用apply...to...搭配，to是介词。]6．the [考查冠词。根据idea后跟的同位语从句和语境可知，此处表示特指，故用定冠词the。]7．breathe [考查词性转换和非谓语动词。makesb.dosth.为固定用法，故空处要填动词原形。注意：breath是名词，表示“呼吸”，breathe是其动词形式。]8．Whether [考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构并根据后面的or可知，此处表示“不管……还是……”，故用whether。]9．benefits [考查名词复数。空处缺少名词作主语，根据后面的are可知，空处要填名词复数形式。]10．motivating [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词activities，且motivate与activities是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。]
