课时提能练(二十八)选修6 Unit3 AhealthylifeA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Inavery1．stressful(stress)situationwemayeasilyfeel2．mentally(mental)tired.Swimmingisagoodwaytorelaxourselves.Thoughwemaybe3．breathless(breath)afterswimmingforsometime,ithelpstobuildupthe4．strength(strong)ofourmuscles.Italsokeepstheheartandlungshealthy.Therefore,swimmingisnowconsideredasoneofthemost5．addictive(addict)formsof6．fitness(fit)．B(考查动词)Whenhespeakstohismen,themanageroften7．stresses(stress)theimportanceofbeinghonest,8．banning(ban)eachofthemfromtellinglies.Hehimselfsetsagoodexample.Hetriestoavoid9．abusing(abuse)hispower,whichwinsthetrustofhisworkers.However,he10．willquit(quit)hisjobnextmonthbecauseofhisage.Hefeelsalittlesadforhe11．hasbeenaccustomed(accustom)tohisworkovertheyears.C(考查句型)Swimmingisconsideredtobe12．asgoodawayasanytoloseweight.ButIdon'tagreewiththeviewpoint,13．neither/nordomanyhealthexperts.Actually,peoplewhoexerciseregularlycombinedwithacontrolleddietaremorelikely14．toget(get)ridofextrapoundsorbodyfat.Selfdisciplineandpatiencedohaveaneffectonweightlosssuccess,too.So15．every/eachtimeyoueatout,remembernottohavetoomuch.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有5处错误)Katestillrememberstakenbyhergrandpatoamountainwhenshewasachild.Theyhopedtofindsomewildplantsthatmightbeacureforherstrangeillness.Abantohuntingthreeyearsbeforehadaeffectonthewildanimalsthere.Theirnumberwasincreasingfast.Thegrandfatherandgranddaughterhadtorisktobeingattackedbywildbeasts.Theyhidthemselvesincavesorintreestostaysafelywhennightfell.Luckily,theyreturnedhomeafterthreedays,carryingwhatsheneeded.【答案】 Katestillrememberstakenbyhergrandpatoamountainwhenshewasachild.\nTheyhopedtofindsomewildplantsthatmightbeacureforherstrangeillness.Abanhuntingthreeyearsbeforehadeffectonthewildanimalsthere.Theirnumberwasincreasingfast.Thegrandfatherandgranddaughterhadtoriskbeingattackedbywildbeasts.Theyhidthemselvesincavesorintreestostaywhennightfell.Luckily,theyreturnedhomeafterthreedays,carryingwhatsheneeded.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．那个年轻人很快就习惯在纽约工作了。TheyoungmansoongotaccustomedtoworkinginNewYork.2．他喜欢熬夜，所以经常犯困，这使得他难以专注于在做的事情。Helikestostayuplateatnight，soheoftenfeelssleepy，whichmakesitdifficultforhimtoconcentrateonwhatheisdoing.3．正如你看到的，如果这些农田保护不当，迟早会变成沙漠的。Asyoucansee，iftheyarenotproperlyprotected，thefarmlandswillbecomedesertssoonerorlater.4．我从未听说过或见过这样的事。NeverhaveIheardorseensuchathing.5．简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。Janewon'tjoinusfordinnertonight,neither/norwillTom．B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·绵阳市高中诊断性考试)Astudyhasfoundthatmiddleagedandolderadultswholiveingreenerneighborhoodshaveadecreasedriskofdevelopingmetabolicsyndrome(新陈代谢综合征)suchasobesity，hypertension(高血压)andhighbloodsugar.Thestudy，publishedinEnvironmentalPollution，wasconductedbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth(ISGlobal)．Itdifferedfrompreviousstudiesonthehealthbenefitsofgreenspacesinthatitexaminedallofthesymptomsofmetabolicsyndrometogethercollectivelyratherthanasindividualcomponents.Havingmetabolicsyndromeincreasesaperson'sriskfortheheartdisease，strokeandtype2diabetes，accordingtotheNationalHeart，Lung，andBloodInstitute.ThestudyfromISGlobalexamineddatafromclinicalexaminationsofover6，000\nBritishadultswhowerebetween45and69yearsoldwhenthestudybegan.Thedatawasderivedfromfourexaminationsparticipantswentthroughbetween1997and2013thatincludedbloodanalyses，bloodpressureandmeasurementofweight.“Thesefindingssuggestthatlongtermexposuretogreenspacescanplayanimportantroleinpreventingmetabolicsyndromeasawhole，”accordingtoapressreleasepublishedbyISGlobal.Thecorrelationbetweennearnesstogreenspacesandbetterhealthcouldbeassociatedwiththeexpandedopportunitiesforphysicalrecreationandlowerexposuretoairpollution，accordingtoCarmenDeKeijzer，ISGlobalresearcherandprincipalauthorofthestudy.Femalesubjectsweremorelikelythanmalestoexhibitthestudy'sassociationbetweenlivingingreenerneighborhoodsandhavingfewermetabolicsymptoms.“Womentendtospendmoretimeintheirresidentialneighborhood，whichcouldexplainthisgenderdifference，”Carmensaid.“Weneedgreenercitiesifwewanthealthiercities，”Sheadded.【语篇解读】 巴塞罗那全球健康研究所的一项新研究发现，居住在更环保的社区的中老年人患新陈代谢综合征的风险降低。本文介绍了该项研究的相关内容。1．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Youngpeoplewerenotincludedinthestudy.B．Symptomswereexaminedonebyone.C．Itwasajointeffortofseveralinstitutes.D．Itwasthefirstofitskindindecades.A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Astudyhasfoundthatmiddleagedandolderadults”可知，这是一项关于中老年人的研究，并没有包括年轻人，故选A。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph3mean?A．Departed. B．Arrived.C．Gained.D．Demanded.C [词义猜测题。前一句表明，这项研究调查了6000多名45到69岁的英国成年人的临床检查数据，画线词所在句表明从1997年到2013年的四次检查中，参与者接受了血液分析、血压和体重测量等检查。由此可推知，这是数据的来源，故画线词与C项含义相近，故选C。]3．Whydowomenhavefewermetabolicsymptoms?A．Becausetheyhaveadifferentgender.B．Becausetheyliveingreenercities.\nC．Becausetheyliveinhealthiercities.D．Becausetheystaylongerwheretheylive.D [细节理解题。根据尾段的第一句以及第二句中的“Womentendtospendmoretime...thisgenderdifference”可知，女性受试者比男性更有可能表现出生活在更环保的社区和有较少新陈代谢症状之间的联系，因为她们倾向于花费更多时间在她们的住宅区，故选D。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．GreenerNeighborhoods，FewerMetabolicSymptomsB．WomenHavingFewerMetabolicSymptomsC．MetabolicSyndromeIncreasingHeartDiseaseD．LivinginGreenerandHealthierCitiesA [标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Astudy...wholiveingreenerneighborhoodshaveadecreasedriskofdevelopingmetabolicsyndrome(新陈代谢综合征)”以及下文对该研究的相关介绍可知，A项最适合作本文标题。]B(2020·西安五校联考)Wouldyouhelpatrappedrobot?Someratswould.Theycanformsocialbondswithrobotsandwillevenrescuearobotratthatistrappedinacage.Ratsneedtobehighlyattuned(熟悉)tosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstolifelessthings，LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiego，andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromrobotrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswitharobotratforfourdays.Therobotratresembledalargeversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment，thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround，playedwiththesametoys，andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Next，theresearcherstrappedthesocialrobotinacageandgavetheratsthechancetosetitfreebypressingalever(杠杆)．Across18trialseach，thelivingratswerelikelytosetthesocialrobotfree.“Thissuggeststheratsviewedthesocialrobotasarealsocialbeing，”saysQuinn.“Theratsmayhavebondedwiththesocialrobotbecauseitshowedbehaviorlikecommunal(共有的)exploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier，andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavorwhentheygettrapped，”saysshe.\nTherobotwasthesamesizeasaregularrat.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail，facialfeatures，andputasmellonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat，butthatwasn'tnecessary，”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia，whohelpedwiththeresearch.“Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialsignals，evenwhentheycomefromrobots.”【语篇解读】 本文介绍了来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的LalehQuinn及其团队通过实验发现老鼠可以察觉到机器鼠发出的社交信号，并释放受困的机器鼠。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A．Thesensitivityofratstosocialsignals.B．Therats'approachtoidentifyingfriends.C．Theabilityofratstoavoidenemies.D．Thewillingnessofratstotalkwithrobots.A [代词指代题。根据第二段第一句“Ratsneedtobehighlyattuned(熟悉)tosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid”及画线词所在句中的“whetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromrobotrats”可推知，this指的是老鼠对社交信号的敏感度，故选A。]6．Whatistherobotratintheexperimentlike?A．Itssmellisthesameasarealrat's.B．Itlookslikeabigcomputermouse.C．Itsheadandtailcanmovenaturally.D．Itcanbehaveandthinklikehumans.B [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“Therobotratresembledalargeversionofacomputermouse”可知，实验中使用的机器鼠长得很像加大版的鼠标，故选B。]7．WhydidthelivingratssetthesocialrobotfreeaccordingtoLalehQuinn?A．Tomakefriendswithitinthefuture.B．Toreturnthefavortheygotfromit.C．Toviewitasareallivingrat.D．Togetaccesstoitshelpsomeday.D [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“wantingtherobottoreturnthefavorwhentheygettrapped”可推知，老鼠之所以愿意释放受困的机器鼠是因为它们想在自己将来有难时，对方能报答它们。故选D。]8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．RobotsHaveSocialSkillsLikeAnimalsB．RatsAreFondofRobotsLikeHumans\nC．RatsCanBondwithSocialRobotsD．RobotsAreAbletoSendSocialSignalsC [标题归纳题。根据第一段第三句“Theycanformsocialbondswithrobotsandwillevenrescuearobotratthatistrappedinacage”和本文介绍的老鼠解救受困机器鼠的科学实验可知，本文主要讲的是老鼠可以和社交机器人建立信任关系，故选C。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·江西省五校协作体联考)BrookeOchoawasgoingtoenterarestaurantforlunchwhenshesawanelderlyladyapproaching.The30yearoldwoman1tokeepthedooropenforher.Shethoughtshewasjustdoingsomething2.Shedidn'tknow，however，thataremark(评论)thattheladywouldmakeafewsecondslaterwould3achainofeventsthatwouldcausehertogetcountlesslikesonherpostand4onsocialmediasuddenly.AsBrookeenteredtherestaurant，she5theelderlyladyaskingfor“atableforone”．Thenshedecidedtodoonemoreactof6.Brookewalkeduptothelady's7andasked，“Ialso8alone，wouldyouliketohavelunchtogether？”Thelady，namedDolores，notonlyacceptedBrooke's9，butshewasverypleasedtohave10．Thetwo11upaninstantfriendshipduringtheirmeal.DolorestoldBrookethatshe'dbeenhavinga12time.“Shespentthelastdecadelivingwithhermom，whorecentlypassedaway，”Brookewroteinalaterpostabouttheencounter.“Shejustkeptsmilingandsaying‘thankyouforlisteningtome’，whichmademe13too！”BrookeandDoloresenjoyedtheirconversationsomuchthatthey14tohavelunchwitheachothereveryThursdayfromthatpointon.Inalater15，notlongaftertheirfirstmeeting，Brooke16thatDoloreshadpassedaway.Ifnothingelse，thischance17isevidencethatthesmallest18ofgoodwillcanquiteexactlychangealife.NeitherofthetwowomenknewthatDolores'sdaysonearthwereso19，buttheyfound20ineachother，andthat'swhatmatters.【语篇解读】 BrookeOchoa去餐馆吃饭时偶遇了一位老妇人，她为这位老妇人开门，又在得知老妇人自己一个人吃饭后邀请其一起共进午餐，两人由此建立了友谊，并约定每周四共进午餐；但在她们第一次见面后不久，那位老妇人就去世了。这段友谊虽然很短暂，但是她们在彼此身上找到了安慰。1．A.hesitated B．waited C．competed D．pretended\nB [根据空后的“keepthedooropenforher”和下文Brooke因为这个行为获赞可知，Brooke在那等着为那位老妇人开门。]2．A.polite B．honest C．wise D．foolishA [根据上文内容并结合常识可知，等着为别人开门是一种礼貌的行为。]3．A.ignore B．report C．remove D．produceD [与该句中的“cause”呼应，并结合空后的“achainofevents”可知，此处表示几秒后那位老妇人的评论会引起(produce)一连串的事件。]4．A.takeoff B．setoff C．leaveoff D．cutoffA [与句中的“getcountlesslikes”呼应可知，此处表示Brooke因为无数点赞而在社交媒体上开始走红。takeoff“开始走红”。]5．A.realized B．felt C．insisted D．overheardD [根据语境可知，当Brooke走进餐馆，她无意中听到那位老妇人正在要一张单人桌。overhear“无意中听到，偶然听到”。]6．A.weakness B．kindness C．friendship D．encouragementB [根据上文可知，Brooke为老妇人开门是一种礼貌的行为；当她无意中听到那位老妇人想要一张单人桌时，她决定再多做一个善举。]7．A.car B．counter C．door D．tableD [根据上文中的“table”可知，Brooke走到老妇人的餐桌旁邀请她一起共进午餐。]8．A.struggle B．defend C．eat D．postC [根据空后的“wouldyouliketohavelunchtogether”可知，Brooke也是一个人来餐馆吃饭的。]9．A.bow B．care C．effort D．offerD [根据上文中的“wouldyouliketohavelunchtogether”可知，这是Brooke的提议(offer)。]10．A.company B．friction C．adjustment D．permission\nA [与上文中的“atableforone”“alone”形成对比可知，老妇人不仅接受了Brooke的提议，而且也乐意吃饭有个伴儿。company“陪伴”。]11．A.turned B．built C．threw D．putB [根据语境可知，两个陌生人在就餐过程中迅速建立了友谊。]12．A.pleasant B．short C．tough D．luckyC [根据下一句中的“Shespentthelastdecadelivingwithhermom，whorecentlypassedaway”可推知，老妇人当时正在过着艰难的日子。tough意为“艰难的”。]13．A.sob B．panic C．listen D．smileD [根据本句中的“Shejustkeptsmiling”和“too”可知，老妇人感染了Brooke，Brooke也面带微笑。]14．A.seemed B．refused C．agreed D．remainedC [根据该句中的“BrookeandDoloresenjoyedtheirconversationsomuch”可知，Brooke和Dolores聊得很开心，因此两人约定每个星期四都共进午餐。agree意为“商定，约定”。]15．A.update B．purchase C．absence D．praiseA [与上文“Brookewroteinalaterpostabouttheencounter”呼应可知，此处表示在Brooke和Dolores第一次见面之后不久更新的一篇帖子中，Brooke说Dolores已经去世了。]16．A.approved B．told C．analyzed D．committedB [参见上题解析。]17．A.complaint B．argument C．conversation D．appointmentC [根据上文中的“BrookeandDoloresenjoyedtheirconversationsomuch”可知，此处表示Brooke和Dolores共进午餐时所进行的谈话。]18．A.strength B．act C．competence D．faultB [与上文中的“Thenshedecidedtodoonemoreactof________．”形成呼应可推知，此处表示善举。]19．A.limited B．rich \nC．long D．poorA [根据上文可知，在Brooke和Dolores约定一起共进午餐后不久，Dolores就去世了，故此处表示当时她们都不知道Dolores在世的时间如此有限。]20．A.success B．reality C．comfort D．equalityC [Brooke和Dolores共进午餐时聊得很开心，她们之间建立了友谊，彼此在对方那里找到了安慰。]
