课时提能练(三十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·湖南衡阳二模，B)BythetimeRobertPorterAllenwasbornin1905,thewhoopingcrane(鸣鹤)wasalreadyintrouble.ThebeautifulbirdwasoncecommonlyfoundacrossNorthAmerica.By1941,thewhoopingcranepopulationhaddwindledtothedoubledigits.ThetallestspeciesinNorthAmericawerecriticallyendangered.Inthe1940's,theremainingcranesmigrated(迁徙)everyyearfromtheGulfCoastofTexastosomewhereinthenorthofCanadatobreed(繁殖)．Theconservationcommunitydidn'tknowwherethebirdswent.Thewetlandswheretheyusedtospendwintersweregrowingrarerandrarerastheyweredriedandbuilton,andthebirdsweredyinginlargenumbersonthelongmigrationflight.Atiny,nonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcraneswasaliveinLouisianain1941,butthegrouphaddisappearedbythetimeAllenstartedhisresearch.In1942,Allenundertookthewhoopingcraneproject.Overthenextthreeyears,hedidalmostconstantfieldworkthattookhimfromTexasupthecranes'migrationroutetoNebraska,andonintoSaskatchewaninsearchofthenestinggroundofthebirds.Studyingthebirdinitsbreedinghabitatandseeinghowmanybirdswerebornwouldallowconservationiststounderstandhowtohelpthebirdsontheirjourney.Butfindingthewhoopingcrane'snestingsitemeantdifficultandfruitlessairsearchesovernorthernCanada.In1952,Allenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.Thereportwasawarningcalltotheconservationcommunity：only33migrator?“whoopers”remained,andtheirnestingsitestillhadn'tbeenfound.Twoyearslater,thewhoopingcrane'sbreedinggroundsinCanada'sWoodBuffaloNationalParkwerefinallyfound,andAllenheadednorthtostudythemfirsthand，an“incrediblydifficultjourney，”inSprunt'swords.Allen'sworklaidthegroundworkforconservationiststosavethebirds.Theireffortspaidoffasthenumbersreached57by1970and214by2005.Today,thewhoopingcraneisstilllistedasendangered,butthereareroughly600birdsalive.【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文，讲述了一名动物保护者保护濒危动物鸣鹤的故事。1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ItisastoryaboutAllen'ssearchingforalostbird.,B．Itisastoryaboutthecranes'longmigrationflight.C．Itisastoryaboutthecranesurvivingthewinters.D．Itisastoryaboutconservingthewhoopingcrane.D [主旨大意题。本题题干意为：本文的主要内容是什么？第一至二段介绍了鸣鹤的濒危程度，第三至五段介绍了RobertPorterAllen为保护濒危动物鸣鹤所做的工作，最后一段介绍了他所做工作取得的成效。综上所述，本文主要讲述了有关保护鸣鹤的故事，故答案为D项。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Increased. B．Reduced.C．Stayed.D．Limited.B [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第一段中画线词“dwindled”的意思是什么？根据上下文尤其是本句中的“doubledigits”(两位数字)可知答案为B项(减少)。A：增加；C：保持；D：限制。]3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismainlyresponsibleforwhathappenedtotheremainingwhoopingcranes?A．Habitatloss.B．Illegalhunting.C．Naturaldisaster.D．Deadlydiseases.A [细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据本文，下列哪一项应对剩余的鸣鹤所发生的事负主要责任？根据第二段中“Thewetlandswheretheyusedtospendwintersweregrowingrarerandrarerastheyweredriedandbuilton，andthebirdsweredyinginlargenumbersonthelongmigrationflight.(随着湿地的干涸以及人们在湿地上搞建筑，它们过去过冬的湿地越来越少，这种鸟在长距离迁徙过程中大量死亡。)”可知答案为A项(栖息地的丧失)。B：非法捕猎；C：自然灾害；D：致命疾病。]4．Whichofthefollowingeventstookplacein1954?A．Thenonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcranesdisappeared.B．RobertPorterAllenundertookthewhoopingcraneproject.C．Thewhoopingcrane'sbreedinggroundswerediscovered.D．RobertPorterAllenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.C [细节理解题。本题题干意为：在1954年发生了下列哪个事件？根据题干中的“1954”在文中寻找1954年或接近1954年的段落，由此可知定位到第五段；根据第五段中的“In1952”及该段中“Twoyearslater，thewhoopingcrane'sbreedinggroundsinCanada'sWoodBuffaloNationalParkwerefinallyfound，...”可知答案为C项(鸣鹤的繁衍地被发现)。]B,(2021·新高考八省联考卷)Inmyeverydaylife，Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment，inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately，nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoicesthan，let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately：isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts，theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels，includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding，wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes，clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group，solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However，forthecarandtheotherappliances(设备)thatweneedwecangowithnew，energysavingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergysavingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththe_footprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者一直努力减少生活中的碳足迹，但是新型环保产品和使用过的传统生产的产品，哪一种更能减少碳足迹呢？作者通过研究和对比给我们找到了答案：他们各有千秋。5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B．Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C．Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.D．Howtomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.,D [主旨大意题。文章第一段中“Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices(幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式)”以及困扰作者的一个问题“isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods(新型环保产品和使用过的传统生产的产品，选择哪一种更好)”再根据第二段一整段的内容，作者通过研究得出答案，有时候是新型环保产品好，有时候是另一种更好。文章接下来的段落分析了作者这个答案是怎样找到的。由此可知，文章的内容主要是关于怎样选择更环保的生活方式的。故选D。]6．Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A．Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B．Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C．Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D．Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.D [推理判断题。根据第三段中“ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.(第二种足迹是表示我们使用的产品在整个生命周期中间接排放的二氧化碳，这些是和他们的生产和排放有关的)”可知，第二种碳足迹虽然不是我们直接产生的，但是也是我们使用的产品释放出来的，也是要归结到我们身上的。故选D。]7．Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A．Usingsecondhandtextbooks.B．Usingoldandexpensivecars.C．Buyingnewbutcheapclothes.D．Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.A [推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe‘secondaryfootprint’group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.”可知，像盘子、衣服和家具这样的物品属于“第二类型的足迹”，所以是越少越好，我们应该注重寻找用过的物品来避免额外的生产。二手书是属于和衣服等可以二次使用的物品，符合题意。故选A。]8．“Thefootprint”underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin.A．usingtheproductB．recyclingtheproductC．makingtheproductD．transportingtheproductA [词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetsto,you(主要的问题是这些投入在制造新产品时的能源以及这种额外的碳是否值得它到你手里以后，所产生的碳足迹)．”可知，footprint在其后定语从句theproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou中充当make的宾语，意思是“这种碳足迹就是产品到你手里之后，你使用中所产生的”。由此推知，画线词组thefootprint指的是“产品使用过程中产生的二氧化碳”。故选A。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·浙江宁波高三二模)Therearehundredsofpublishersacrosstheworldandmillionsofbooksgetprintedeveryyear.Moreover,abookcanbeprintedbyseveralpolishers.1.Toovercometheproblemofidentifyingbooks，publishershavecomeupwithauniquenumberingsystem.Forinstance,if50,000copiesofTheAdventuresofSherlockHolmesareprintedbyapublisheratonetime(calledanedition),allofthemareidentifiedbyonenumbercode.2andyouraddressbeginswithyourhousenumber,street,locality,stateandendswithastatementofthecountrywhereyoulive.AnISBNbooknumberachievesasimilaraimofidentifyingandtracingabook.Ifyoupickupanybook,turnitaroundyouwillseeanumberwhichlookssomethinglikethis—ISBN9070002345.ThisiscalledtheISBNnumber.ISBNstandsforInternationalStandardBookNumbering.3.TheISBNnumberisdividedintofourgroupsthatareseparatedbyaspaceorahyphen.ThefirstpartoftheISBNidentifiesthecountryandiscalledtheGroupIdentifier.4.ThesecondpartiscalledthePublisherPrefix.ThePublisherPrefixisusedtoidentifythepublisherofthebook.ThePublisherPrefixmaycontainuptosevendigits.ThethirdpartidentifiesthetitleandtheeditionofthebookandsoiscalledtheTitleIdentifier,whichmayconsistofuptosixdigits.5.Sinceyoucanhavethesamebookfromthesamepublisherbutwithdifferenteditions,theTitleIdentifierhelpstodifferentiatebetweenthem.ThefourthandthefinalpartiscalledtheCheckdigit,asingledigit(from0to9)usedtocheckwhetherthegivenISBNnumberiscorrectorwrong.IfanISBNnumberisincorrect,thismeansthatthebookisaversionprintedillegally.A．ItmayconsistofuptofivedigitsB．SowhatcantheISBNnumberdoforyouC．ThismakesthetaskofidentifyingabookverydifficultD．ItisanumberingsystemthatisusedtodescribethebookE．Bookpublishersoftencomeoutwithnewerandupdatedversionsofearlierbooks,F．ThenumberCodeisyourhomeaddressthatcanonlybesharedbyyourparentsG．TheISBNnumberingsystemhelpsbookstoresandbookpublisherstohandlecategorizetohandle，categorize,storeandidentifybookseasily【语篇解读】 本文讲述了为了解决图书识别的问题，出版商提出了一个独特的编号系统(ISBN书号系统)。1．C [文章衔接题。根据前文“Moreover,abookcanbeprintedbyseveralpolishers.”可知，而且一本书可以被几家抛光厂印刷出来，C项：Thismakesthetaskofidentifyingabookverydifficult这使得识别一本书的任务非常困难。符合文意。故选C项。]2．F [联系下文题。根据下文“youraddressbeginswithyourhousenumber,street,locality,stateandendswithastatementofthecountrywhereyoulive.”可知，你的地址以你的门牌号、街道、地点、州开始，以你居住的国家的声明结束，F项：ThenumberCodeisyourhomeaddressthatcanonlybesharedbyyourparents号码是你的家庭住址，家庭住址只能由你的父母分享并且……。符合文意。故选F项。]3．D [语境辨析题。根据前文“ISBNstandsforInternationalStandardBookNumbering.”可知，ISBN代表国际标准图书编号，D项：Itisanumberingsystemthatisusedtodescribethebook这是一个用来描述书的编号系统。符合文意。故选D项。]4．A [联系下文题。根据下文“ThePublisherPrefixisusedtoidentifythepublisherofthebook.Thepublisherprefixmaycontainuptosevendigits.”可知出版者前缀用于标识图书的出版者，发布者前缀最多可包含七位数字，A项：Itmayconsistofuptofivedigits它最多可以由五位数字组成。符合文意。故选A项。]5．E [逻辑推断题。根据下文“Sinceyoucanhavethesamebookfromthesamepublisherbutwithdifferenteditions,theTitleIdentifierhelpstodifferentiatebetweenthem.”可知由于同一出版商的同一本书有不同的版本，因此标题标识符有助于区分它们，E项：Bookpublishersoftencomeoutwithnewerandupdatedversionsofearlierbooks图书出版商经常出版较新和更新版本的早期书籍。符合文意。故选E项。]Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Aboulder(巨石)，asbigasahouse.That'showtheguidebookdescribedGiantRock.Dadsaiditarrivedheremillionsofyearsago.Iwasfinallygoingtoseeit,insnowshoes,withmytwooldercousins,mydad,andmyuncleDon.I'dbeensnowshoeingbefore,andIlikedtheadventureofhikingthroughdeepsnow.Attheparkingarea,afterputtingonoursnowshoes,westudiedthemap.Duetothegeographicallocation,electricaldevicesareinaccessiblehere.Themapisour,onlyguide.“Westarthere，”Dadsaid，“ontheredtrail(小路).Thenweturnleftontothepurpleroad.That'swhereGiantRockis.”“Remembertosticktogetheranddon'twanderoff,guys，”UncleDonsaid.Thetrailranuphillalongsideastonewall.Itwaseasytofollowbecauseredmarkerswerenailedtothetreesandthesnowhadbeenpackeddownbyotherhikers.Atthetopofthehill,weturnedontothepurpletrail.Wesettledintoapattern，withDadandeveryoneelseinfrontandmeintheback，crunching(嘎吱嘎吱地踩)throughthesnow.Isawlotsofanimaltracks—mostlydeer,squirrel,andrabbitprints.Asthetrailwounddown,mycousinAndrewsaidwhatI'dbeenthinking：“WillweeverreachGiantRock？”MycousinAidensmiledandturnedtome,“Luke,doyouthinkyourdadinventedthisideajusttogetusawayfromtheTVforawhile？”Ilaughed.“Youneverknow.”Finally,weclimbedahillandsawthemassivebouldersittingaloneintheforest.Itreallyisasbigasahouse!MycousinsandIhighfivedeachotherandjoggeduntilwestoodatthebase,breathless.Standinginthebouldersbroadshadow,Inoticedthesunhadsunklower.“Let'sheadback，”Dadsaidafterafewminutes.“Iherewillbeseveralcrossroadsonthewayback.Guys,keepupwiththeteam.”Soonwewerecrunchcrunchcrunchingourwayhome.Iwasalittlebehindthegroupwhenweapproachedacrossroads.AndInoticedasetofanimaltracksIdidn'trecognize,soIfollowedthemforacloserlook.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。IlookedupwhenIsuddenlyrealizedhowquietithadgotten._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AsgoingworriedlyIheardvoices,someonecallingfaraway.______________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】IlookedupwhenIsuddenlyrealizedhowquietithadgotten.“Whereiseveryone？”Ishouted.Nothing.“Theycouldn'thavegonefar.I'llcatchupifIhurry.”Icomfortedmyself.Afterashortwalk,IcametothecrossroadswhereIcouldturnleftorgostraight,butbothtrailshadredmarkers.Iturnedtotheleftwhichlooked,familiar.Unfortunately,itgotquieterandquieter.Soonitmightbetoodarktotellwhatcolorthemarkerswere.WhatifIcouldn'tfindmywayback?AsgoingworriedlyIheardvoices,someonecallingfaraway.Followingthevoices,Inoticedthestonewall,thetrailrunningalongsideit.Itmustberightwayback!Irusheddownhillwithbigsteps.Then,Isawtheparkingarea,andmyfamily!IshoutedasIrantowardthem.“Luke?AreyouOK？”ThevoiceofDadwasurgent.I'donlybeenlostforminutes,butitseemedlikeforever.NowallIwantedwasabearhugfromDadandtomaketracksforhome.
