课时提能练(四十)选修8 Unit5 MeetingyourancestorsA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)QianXuesenisthefounderofChina'sspacescience.China'sfirstmissilewasdesignedinhis1．messy(mess)andshabbyworkroomintheGobiDesert.Toobtaincorrect2．analysis(analyze)results,heandhispartnersspentmanysleeplessnights.Whenthe3．accuracy(accurate)oftheinstrumentscouldnotbeguaranteed,hehimselfinventednewones.Sometimes,heputforwardbold4．assumptions(assume)tohelpovercometoughproblems.Themissilewasproducedaftertheyhandledvariousproblems5．skillfully(skillful).Peoplecelebratedthesuccessfullaunchofthefirstmissilewithastormof6．applause(applaud).The“twobombsandonesatellite”areofhistorical7．significance(significant)toChina,markinga8．division(divide)ofanewera.B(考查动词)ThePwn2Own2016hackingcontest(黑客大赛)tookplaceinVancouver.Theplayersdisplayedtheirskillstothefullest.Allmyattention9．wasarrested(arrest)bytheNo.23player,whotooktheleadsoonaftertheconteststarted.Suddenlyhe10．wasinterrupted(interrupt),anditseemedthathemetatoughproblem.11．Spitting(spit)outthechewinggum,hebecamemoredevotedtostudyingtheprograms.After12．deleting(delete)somepuzzlinginstructions,hemanaged13．toaccelerate(accelerate)theprogress.Theaudienceburstout14．applauding(applaud)whenhewasthefirsttofinishthebreaking.15．Assuming(assume)thatyouareinterestedinhacking,youmightaswelltryyourhandatPwn2Ownnexttimeafter16．sharpening(sharpen)yourskills.C(考查句型)China,17．asisshownbystatistics,ismakingrapidprogressintermsofeconomicgrowth.18．Havingopened(open)itsdoortotheoutsideworld,ithasquicklyaccumulatedagreatdealofwealth.Thedailylivingnecessitiesarebecomingabundant.Gonearethedayswhenacustomerwaitedinlineforhoursonly19．tobetold(tell)bytheshopassistantthatwhatshewantedtobuywassoldoutornotinstock.Ofcourseincamesomenegativethingsfollowingtheopenup.Iremembermyfellowguys20．swimming(swim)happilyintherivernearourschool,butitisnowbadly\npolluted.Ifonlywe21．hadmade(make)morestrictrulesandregulationsatthestartoftheopenup.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有6处错误)Theeconomicenvironmentofthatcountryisworsening.Twoforeigncompanieshavejustenteredthecountrywhentheyfounddoingbusinessherewasoutofthequestion.Theymightnottohavethoughtthesituationwaschangingsofast.Nowmanyforeigninvestorshavedecidedtopulloff,whichwillresultinmanyjoblosses.Inresponsetosobadconditions,expertsbelievethatnewpoliciesneedworkedout.Thegovernmenthasbeenconsideredmakingchangestosomepolicies,buthasencounteredalotofresistancesomehow.【答案】 Theeconomicenvironmentofthatcountryisworsening.Twoforeigncompaniesjustenteredthecountrywhentheyfounddoingbusinessherewasoutofthequestion.Theymightnothavethoughtthesituationwaschangingsofast.Nowmanyforeigninvestorshavedecidedtopull，whichwillresultinmanyjoblosses.Inresponsetobadconditions,expertsbelievethatnewpoliciesneedout.Thegovernmenthasbeenmakingchangestosomepolicies,buthasencounteredalotofresistancesomehow.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．他脸上的表情表明他很忧伤。Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewassad．2．你昨晚一定睡得很晚。你的眼睛都布满了血丝。Youmusthavegonetobedlatelastnight.Youreyesarered.3．正如每个人所知道的那样，汤姆通过了测试。Aseverybodyknows/Asisknowntoeverybody，Tomhaspassedthetest.4．她当时要是征求了老师的意见就好了！Ifonlyshehadaskedforherteacher'sadvice!5．他匆匆忙忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经飞走了。Hehurriedtotheairport，onlytobetoldthattheplanehadleft.B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解\n(2020·南昌市一模)Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists，theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之处)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature，theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme，wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai.Boehme，alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria，CanadaandtheUnitedStates，examinedmorethan15，000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete，anadultmale，likelystoodabout1metertall，weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomoderndaybonobos，aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans，DanuviushadanSshapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans，though，ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor，apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon，calledthefossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers，notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了科学家新发现的古猿遗骨的相关情况，并指出这可能会刷新人们关于何时人类的祖先开始直立的观点。1．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany. B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya. D．Brazil.A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlived\ninthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”可知，科学家在德国发现了古猿遗骨，故选A。]2．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeSshapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanToumai.D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai”和第五段中的“Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago”可推知，Danuvius生活的时期比Toumai早得多，故选D。]3．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．Itmaycausemuchdebate.C．Itisafantasticfinding.D．Itdeniesthepreviousideas.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“theywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers”可推知，Spoor认为这项发现可能会引起很多争议，故选B。]4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheSecretsRevealedfromFossilsB．LegendofHumans'AncestorsC．FindingsAgainsttheTheoryofEvolutionD．TheOldestExampleofUprightApeFoundinaBavarianClaySiteD [标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项考古发现，通读全文内容可知，第一段概括了全文的主要内容，由此可知，D项最适合作本篇文章的标题。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)EasyWaystoGiveYourselfaFreshStartItdoesn'tneedtobecomplicatedorchallengingtoturnafreshpageoneachnewday.Wheneverwemarkanewyear—byturningthecalendar，returningtoschoolorcelebratingaholiday—wearelookingforafreshstart.1Buthow?Herearesomeeasywaystoconnectwiththatfeelingofstartingfresh，whetherit'sanew\nyearorsimplyanewdayinourlife.2Thismeansyouhaverealizedwhatservesyourlifenowandwhatcanstayinyourpast.Orinvestinanewpenandanewnotebook.Havingfreshsuppliescansimulateeventhecommontaskofcreatingyourtodolist.Moreover，youcanlearnsomethingnewbyopeningabookyou'vebeenexpectingtoread，searchingaquestionthat'sbeeninyourmind，enrollinginaclassthatmotivatesyourinterest.Ofcourseyoucansimplyaskafriendforafreshideaaboutanissue.3.Takeabreakfromtechnologyforanhour，aday，oraweek.4Youshouldbeabletoputsomespacebetweenyourselfanddigitaldevices.Onereasonwhywesometimesstruggletostartfreshisthatyougetstuckwithreflectingonworrisomethoughtsaboutthepast，thepresentoreventhefuture.5Allowthesethoughtsintoyourdayonlyatabrief(30minutesorless)，specifictime.Therestofthetime，focusonwhatyouaredoingthat'snewandpositive.Howdoyougiveyourselfthat“freshstart”feeling?A．Electronicproductsmightnotbeservingyoubest.B．Newnessorfreshnesscanguideusonapositivepath.C．Limityourdaily“worrytime”andmakeanappointmentwithyourself.D．Allofusenjoynewness，butwhatisitthatleadstoasenseoffreshness?E．Realizingyourpastmistakes，youshouldmoveforwardwithenthusiasm.F．Increasingyourknowledgeonanytopicmeanstakingyourmindintoafresharea.G．First，evenlettinggoofasingleboxorbagofitemscangiveyouarefreshingsense.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了几种给自己一个全新的开始的方法。1．B [根据语境可知，本空是一个过渡句。由空前一句中的人们寻找一个全新的开始和下文要提供全新开始的方法的表述可知，该句讲的应是全新开始的好处，所以选B选项。]2．G [根据空后一句中的“haverealizedwhatservesyourlifenowandwhatcanstayinyourpast”可知，G项中的“lettinggo”和“giveyouarefreshingsense”与之呼应，所以选G选项。]3．F [本段主要讲了学习一些新知识的途径，F项“增长关于任何话题的知识意味着将你的思想带到一个新的领域”是对本段的总结，所以选F选项。]4．A [本空的前后句讲到了科技和电子设备，本句应该也是与科技或电子设备相关的内容，所以选A选项。]\n5．C [本空是一个过渡句。空前一句中提到了“worrisomethoughts”，空后一句提到“Allowthesethoughts...specifictime”，所以本句讲的应该是与担忧时间相关的内容，C选项中的“worrytime”与之呼应，所以选C选项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)ChopsticksplayanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.Chinesechopsticksareroundontheeatingendwhichsymbolizesheaven，whiletheotherendissquarewhichsymbolizesearth.Thisisbecausekeepingenoughfoodis1．________(great)concernthananythingelse.Itisimportanttonotethatchopsticksareusedinmanydifferentculturesandthereisnosinglestandardfortheuseofchopsticks.Herearesomecustoms2．_______(associate)withchopsticksinChina.Playingwithchopsticks3．________(consider)badmanners.Andchopsticksshouldnotbeplaced4．________(vertical)inabowlofriceorotherfood.Anysticklikeobjectpointingupward5．___________(resemble)theincense(香)sticksthatpeopleuse6．________offeringstotheirdeadfamilymembers.Itisalsobadmannerstotapchopstickson7．________edgeofone'sbowl，becauseinancientChinabeggarsoftenmadethisnoise8．________(attract)attention.InChinese，“chopsticks”read“kuaizi”，whichmeans“tohavesonssoon”，soanewlymarriedcouplewillbeveryhappytoacceptchopsticksas9．________(they)weddinggift.10．________hasalreadybeenfoundoutisthatusingchopsticksimprovesone'smemory，increasesfingerdexterity(灵巧)andcanbeusefulinlearningandimprovingskillssuchasChinesecharacterprintingandbrushpainting.【语篇解读】 文章介绍了筷子的特征以及围绕筷子形成的一些习俗。1．greater [考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的“than”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式。]2．associated [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用过去分词短语“associatedwithchopsticks”作定语，修饰“customs”。]3．isconsidered [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；该句为动名词短语“Playingwithchopsticks”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；且此处表示玩筷子被看作是不礼貌的行为，故应用被动语态。]4．vertically [考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词要用副词，故填vertically。]5．resembles [考查时态和主谓一致。此处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；本句为含有“that”引导的定语从句的主从复合句，其中主句的主语是“Anysticklikeobject\npointingupward”，是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]6．as [考查介词。“as”在这里用作介词，意为“作为”。]7．the [考查冠词。此处特指后面的“bowl”(碗)的边缘，故填定冠词。]8．toattract [考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式短语“toattract”作目的状语。]9．their [考查代词。此处的“weddinggift”与上文提到的“anewlymarriedcouple”为所属关系，故填their。]10．What [考查主语从句。此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故用What来引导该从句。]Ⅳ.书面表达(2020·广东省七校联合体第二次联考)假定你是李华，你在上一封信中邀请Dr.Brown参加你们的毕业晚会，但你告知他的时间和地点是错误的。请给Dr.Brown写一封道歉信，要点如下：1．为自己的失误道歉；2．告知其正确的时间和地点；3．希望Dr.Brown能来。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearDr.Brown，__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【参考范文】DearDr.Brown，IamsorryforthemistakeImadeinmylastletter，Duetomycarelessness，Iprovidedthewrongtimeandplaceforthegraduationparty.Nowletmetellyouthecorrectinformation.Thepartyisgoingtobeheldat7：30p．m.onJune30thintheschoollecture\nhall.Alltheparticipantsareexpectedtoarriveafewminutesearlier.Sinceyouarethemostpopularforeignteacherinourschool，yourpresencewillbegreatlyappreciated.Wouldyoupleaseletmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot?Wewillbemorethandelightedifyoucansparesometimefromyourbusyschedule.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua
