课时提能练(三十七)选修8 Unit2 CloningA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Whatifyourbosstellsyoutoadd1．decorations(decorate)toanewofficewithacolleaguewhooftenfindsfaultwithyou?Certainlythisismerelyan2．assumption(assume).Togettheworkdone,Ithinkitisimportanttoraise3．objections(object)franklyratherthancoverupthedifferences.Nothingcouldbebetterthanputtingforwardamore4．reasonable(reason)solutionora5．correction(correct)proposal.Fullyexchangingideaswithyourcolleaguesisanessential6．regulation(regulate)youshouldfollow.Thisis7．exactly(exact)whatIwanttoexpressinthisarticle.B(考查动词)RobertFrost,8．differing(differ)frommostoftheelderly,doesn'tenjoyhisoldageinpeaceafter9．retiring(retire)fromwork.Instead,he10．hasundertaken(undertake)thedutyofhelpingmaintaintheorderandsafetyofthecommunity.Accidentsusedtooccurherefrequently.Severalkids11．werestruck(strike)byprivatecars,which12．bothered(bother)mostoftheresidents.Robertcouldn'tresist13．joining(join)inhiscommunityvolunteerservice.Theytooksteps14．toforbid(forbid)drunkdriversfromdrivinginandout.Sincethen,noaccidenthaseverhappenedagain,15．owing(owe)toeffortsofvolunteerslikeRobert.Theythemselves16．haveobtained(obtain)therespectofallcommunityresidents.C(考查句型)Acrocodilemeasuring“half17．thelengthofabus”wassaidtohavebeencaughtinAustralia.Then18．came(come)themessagefromgovernmentofficialsthatWildlifeCommissionhadsentateamouttohelpthecrocodile.Despitethefact19．thatcrocodilescanliveinfreshwater,wildlifeprotectorsstillwanttogetitbacktosaltwater.Theyareconvincedthatthechanceofthecrocodile20．surviving(survive)infreshwaterremainstobesmall.Theproblemis21．thatthecrocodileissobigandheavythatitishardtotakeittosaltwater.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有6处错误)Chinawillallowallcouplestohavingtwochildren,abandoningitsdecadeslongonechildpolicy.ThechangeofpolicyistohavegreatimpacttoChineseeconomy\nandsociallife.However,atpresent,thenewpolicyhasleftquantityofyoungpeopleataloss.Ontheonehandtheywouldlovetohavemorekids,butonotherhand,theydon'twanttogiveuptoomuchoftheirfreedom.Besides,youngpeopleareunderpressure,metwithchallengesfromtimetotime.Therefore,wearestillalongwayfrombeabletopersuadeyoungcouplestohavemorechildren.【答案】 Chinawillallowallcouplestotwochildren,abandoningitsdecadeslongonechildpolicy.ThechangeofpolicyistohavegreatimpactChineseeconomyandsociallife.However,atpresent,thenewpolicyhasleftofyoungpeopleataloss.Ontheonehandtheywouldlovetohavemorekids,butonotherhand,theydon'twanttogiveuptoomuchoftheirfreedom.Besides,youngpeopleareunderpressure,withchallengesfromtimetotime.Therefore,wearestillalongwayfromabletopersuadeyoungcouplestohavemorechildren.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．约翰打开门。门前站着一个他从未见过的女孩。Johnopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.2．能在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。Weareveryhappytocooperatewithyouinthisproject.3．按照合同规定，你必须在月底前付款。Youareboundtopaybeforetheendofthemonthbythecontact.4．漫长的旅行之后，他们三人回到了家，又饿又累。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofthemwentbackhome，hungryandtired．5．他身体不好，所以医生禁止他喝酒。Hewasinpoorhealth，sothedoctorforbadehimtodrinkwine.B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·云南省高中毕业生复习统一检测)Peoplewhogrowuplefthandedhaveadifferent，moreflexiblebrainstructurethanthoseborntotakelifebytherighthand，sayresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.\nThereasonisthatrighthandershavegenesthatforcetheirbrainsintoaslightlymoreonesidedstructure，accordingtotheresearch.Lefthandersappeartobemissingthosegenes.“Therereallyisadifferenceinbrainsthatresultsinamoresymmetric(对称的)braininlefthanders，wherethetwosidesaremoreequal，”saidDanielGeschwind，wholedtheresearchteam.Intheefforttounderstandhowthebrainshapesthemind，researchershavebeentryingtodocumentthewaygenesandenvironmentaffectintelligenceandmentalabilities.Theyfoundthatrightorlefthandednessisdeterminedbygenes.Ifapersonhasthegeneforrighthandedness，thatpersonwillberighthanded.Peoplewhodonothavethatgene，however，canbeeitherleftorrighthanded.Thereisnospecificgeneforlefthandedness.Righthanderstypicallyhavelargerleftbrains，wheretheirlanguageabilitiesareconcentrated.Conversely，lefthandershavemorebalancedbrains.Thelanguageabilitiesoflefthandersmoreoftenareconcentratedontherightside.TheUCLAresearchersconductedbrainscanson72pairsofmaleidenticaltwins(同卵双胞胎)between75and85yearsold.Theynoticedthatifidenticaltwinscarrythegeneforhandpreference，bothmustberighthanded.Iftheylackthegene，onetwincandeveloprighthandedwhiletheothercandeveloplefthanded.Theresearchersfoundthatthebrainsofidenticalrighthandedtwinswereverysimilarinsizeandstructure.Butwhenalefthanderwaspartofthetwinset，thebrainsweredifferent.Theconclusionisthattheabsenceofthegeneforhandpreferenceallowsthebraintodevelopdifferentlyastheindividualgrowsup，researcherssaid.【语篇解读】 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员发现，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的。1．WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersofUCLA?A．Lefthandershavemorebalancedbrains.B．Righthandershavemoreflexiblebrains.C．Lefthanders'brainsaremoreonesided.D．Righthanders'brainsaremoresymmetric.A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“thatresultsinamoresymmetric(对称的)braininlefthanders，wherethetwosidesaremoreequal”以及第五段中的“lefthandershavemorebalancedbrains”可知，惯用左手的人有更加平衡的大脑，故选A。]\n2．Whichelementdeterminesaperson'shandpreference?A．Environment. B．Intelligence.C．Habits.D．Genes.D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theyfoundthatrightorlefthandednessisdeterminedbygenes”可知，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的，故选D。]3．Whatcanbesaidaboutidenticaltwins?A．Theyalwayshavesimilarbrainstructure.B．Theynevercarrythegeneforhandpreference.C．Theyhavedifferentgenesforhandpreference.D．Theycanhavedifferenthandpreference.D [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Iftheylackthegene，onetwincandeveloprighthandedwhiletheothercandeveloplefthanded”可推知，即使是同卵双胞胎也有可能会有不同的惯用手，故选D。]4．WhatdidtheUCLAteamresearchon?A．People'sgeneticmakeup.B．People'shandpreference.C．People'sbrainsizes.D．People'scommunicativeskills.B [推理判断题。根据第六和第七段的内容并结合文章的其他内容可知，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了人们有不同的惯用手的原因，所以B项正确。]B(2020·沈阳市级教学质量监测)Bowheadwhales(弓头鲸)canlive200yearsorlonger.Howtheydoitisnolongeramongthesecretsofthedeep.Scientistshavemappedthegeneticcodeofthislonglivedwhalespecies.TheinternationaleffortfoundunusualfeaturesintheArcticwhale'sgenes.Thosefeatureslikelyprotectthespeciesagainstcancerandotherproblemsrelatedtooldage.“Wehopetolearnwhatisthesecretofbowheadwhaleslivinglonger，healthierlives，”saidJoaoPedrodeMagalhaes.Heisagerontologist(apersonwhostudiestheprocessofpeoplegrowingold)attheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.HeisalsothecoauthorofthestudythatappearedonJanuary6，2015inCellReports.Histeamhopedthatitsnewfindingsmightonedaybeused“toimprovehumanhealthandlengthenhumanlife”．Noothermammalisknowntoliveaslongasthebowhead.Scientistshaveshownthatsomeofthesewhaleshavelivedwellbeyond100—includingonethatsurvived\nto211．Magalhaes'teamwantedtounderstandhowthebowheadcanlivesolong.Tostudythis，theexpertsanalyzedtheanimal'scompletesetofgenes，calleditsgenome(基因组)．Theteamalsocomparedthewhale'sgenometothatofhumans，miceandcows.Thescientistsdiscovereddifferences，includingmutations(突变)，inthewhale'sgenes.Thosechangesarelinkedtocancer，ageingandcellgrowth.TheresultssuggestthatthewhalesarebetterthanhumansatrepairingtheirDNA.That'simportantbecausedamagedorflawedDNAcanleadtodiseases，includingsomecancers.Bowheadwhalesarealsobetteratkeepingabnormallydividingcellsincheck.Together，thechangesappeartoallowbowheadwhalestolivelongerwithoutdevelopingagerelateddiseasessuchascancer，saidMagalhaes.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了英国利物浦大学的老年学专家JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其团队通过分析弓头鲸的基因组，并将其与人类、老鼠等的基因组比较之后发现，弓头鲸长寿的秘诀在于其更擅长修复DNA以及控制异常分裂的细胞。5．Whatdowelearnaboutbowheadwhales?A．Theiraveragelifeis100．B．TheyliveintheArcticOcean.C．Theydon'thaveageingproblems.D．Theyarethelongestlivedanimals.B [推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第四句“TheinternationaleffortfoundunusualfeaturesintheArcticwhale'sgenes”可推知，弓头鲸生活在北冰洋，故选B。]【干扰项分析】 由第一段第三句“Scientistshavemappedthegeneticcodeofthislonglivedwhalespecies”和第三段第一句“Noothermammalisknowntoliveaslongasthebowhead”可知，文章只是提到弓头鲸是一种长寿的鲸类，没有其他哺乳动物像弓头鲸一样长寿，并没有说弓头鲸是最长寿的动物，故D项错误；另外，考生应特别注意选项中出现的最高级表达，这类选项大多数情况下为错误选项。6．Whydidscientistsmapthegeneticcodeofbowheadwhales?A．Tolengthenhumanlife.B．Tofindoutacureforcancer.C．Topreventagerelateddiseases.D．Todiscoverthesecretoflonglife.D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Wehopetolearnwhatisthesecretofbowheadwhaleslivinglonger，healthierlives”可知，JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes\n及其团队了解弓头鲸遗传密码信息的原因是要发现其长寿的秘诀，故D项正确。]7．Whatallowsbowheadwhalestolivealongerandhealthierlife?A．Celldivision.B．Genemutation.C．ThegoodDNArepairsystem.D．Perfectlivingenvironment.C [推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“TheresultssuggestthatthewhalesarebetterthanhumansatrepairingtheirDNA.That'simportantbecausedamagedorflawedDNAcanleadtodiseases，includingsomecancers”可推知，弓头鲸更长寿且更健康的原因之一是其良好的DNA修复系统，故选C。]8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Culture.C．Education.D．Scientificresearch.D [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其团队通过分析和对比的方法发现了弓头鲸长寿的秘诀，故本文可能出现在报纸的科学研究版块，故选D。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·兰州市诊断考试)LearningtoGiveaPepTalk(打气)Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalkthatturnsaroundafriend'soutlook.However，givingagoodpeptalkisn'teasy.1.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand，butalsostresstheotherperson'sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostoptalking.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk，buttheyarejustsayingwhattheywouldwanttohear，”saysStacyKaiser，apsychotherapist(心理治疗师)inLosAngeles.Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo，askhimwhatactionhehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinksitwillbebeneficial.“Don'tjumprightinandinsist‘You'llbefine，’”saysKaiser.2.Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard.Then，showyourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestogetthroughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.3．Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.Atlast，Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop.“4.Don'targueiftheperson\ndisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead，tellhim‘Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime.’Andthenbackdown.”Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod.“Timingiseverything.”Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk，andthereisatimetojustlisten.5．A．LetyourfriendhavehismomentB．GiveyourpeptalkandthenshutupC．ArguingwithyourfriendmakesnosenseD．ShowyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissadE．Heisn'tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneedF．ItrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneedsG．Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope【语篇解读】 本文主要论述了给别人打气的方法，包括关心令朋友伤心的事情、注意倾听、将时间交给朋友、选择合适时机停止说话等。1．F [根据下文可知，你不仅需要倾听和理解，还要强调别人的长处，知道在什么时候停止说话；据此可以推知，你需要理解你的听众需要什么。故F项正确。]2．D [根据后一句“Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard”可知，你要大声说出对这个人的关心；据此可以推知，空处表示“要向朋友表现出你理解他为什么会伤心”，故D项正确。]3．G [根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段主题句，根据空后的“Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit”可知，你可以提醒朋友他之前已经经历过一段艰难的时期，并且已经挺过来了。据此可以推知，该段主要陈述要鼓励朋友看到希望，故G项与此处匹配。]4．B [由前一句可知，本段主要陈述选择时机停止说话；结合下文可知，在鼓励朋友之后，选择恰当时机停止说话，而不是和朋友争论，故B项正确。]5．A [根据上句中的“andthereisatimetojustlisten”可知，在给朋友打气时要学会倾听，将时间交给朋友，故A项正确。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·洛阳市第二次统一考试)I'venoticedmanypeoplehavingacold，andit'snotevenfallyet.Whydoesthecoldoccurmorefrequentlyduringthefallandwinter1．________(month)?It'sactuallynotthecoldweather2．________(it)thatcausesthecold.Butrather，itismostlikelytobecausedbypeoplespending3．________(much)timeindoorsclosetoeachother，makingthespreadofgerms(病菌)morereadily.Thisisanotherreason4．________childreninthedaycarecentreorschoolaremorelikely\ntopickupthecold.WhenIworkedinadoctor'sclinicafewyearsback，itwasoneofthe5．________(lead)reasonswhypeoplevisitedthedoctorinfallandwinter.Millionsofpeoplesufferfromthecoldeachyear.Asaresult，school6．________(absent)isfrequentlyreported，witharound22milliondaysannually.Howcanyouavoidgettingacold?Amongthecommonly7．________(recognize)tips，washingyourhandsis8．________mostimportantone.Thecoldisspreadeitherbydirectlytouchinginfectedsecretions(分泌物)，orbytaking9．________theairborneparticles(微粒)．Also，coldandfluvirusesgetintothebodyviatheeyes，nose，ormouth.So，10．________(try)toavoidtouchingyourface，especiallywithoutwashingyourhandsfirst.【语篇解读】 文章主要分析了秋冬季节人容易感冒的原因及预防感冒的措施。1．months [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“thefallandwinter”并结合常识可知，秋冬季节不止一个月，故填名词的复数形式。]2．itself [考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“事实上，并不是寒冷的天气本身导致了感冒”，故应填反身代词itself。]3．more [考查限定词的比较级。根据该句中的“morereadily”可知，此处也应表示比较的含义，故填限定词的比较级。]4．why [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，先行词为anotherreason，故填why。]5．leading [考查形容词。修饰名词reasons要用形容词，故填leading，意为“主要的”。]6．absence [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处所填的词要与school一起构成句子的主语，又结合语境可知，此处表示缺课，故填名词absence。]7．recognized [考查非谓语动词。此处修饰后面的名词tips且该空前有副词commonly修饰，故要用过去分词形式recognized，意为“被认可的”。]8．the [考查冠词。此处mostimportant是形容词的最高级；在句中作定语修饰one，其前一般要加the。]9．in [考查介词。此处表示“或者通过吸入空气传播的微粒”，takein意为“吸入”，为固定用法。]10．try [此处表示建议，应用以动词原形开头的祈使句，故填try。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·南昌市一模)Yesterdaywewenttoanearbyvillagestohelpthepeasantsgetinthecrops.Weleaveourschoolearlyinthemorning.Ittookushalfanhour\ntoreachvillage.Assoonaswegothere，wejoinedinthepeasantsintheirharvestingwork.Theytaughtmehowtocutriceandhowtotieit.Itwasinthefieldswhichwehadourlunch.Afterlunch，wehadashortrest.Wewereattractbythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Itgotdarkerwhenwereturnedhome.Wewereverytired，butwefeltpleasing.【答案】 Yesterdaywewenttoanearbytohelpthepeasantsgetinthecrops.Weourschoolearlyinthemorning.Ittookushalfanhourtoreachvillage.Assoonaswegot，wejoinedthepeasantsintheirharvestingwork.Theytaughthowtocutriceandhowtotieit.Itwasinthefieldswehadourlunch.Afterlunch，wehadashortrest.Wewerebythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Itgotwhenwereturnedhome.Wewereverytired，butwefelt.
