课时提能练(三十六)选修8 Unit1 AlandofdiversityA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Thepresidential1．election(elect)willtakeplacenextmonth,whichappealstoasmanyasfive2．applicants(apply)forcandidates.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthecompetitionis3．apparently(apparent)morefiercethanusual.Thereareclear4．distinctions(distinct)amongtheirrulingideas.The5．majority(major)ofthevotersareinfavoroftheDemocraticcandidate.Thereisevery6．indication(indicate)thathehasmore7．thoughtful(thought)ideasaboutimprovingpeople'slivelihood.Besides,heholdsanattitudethatany8．racial(race)discriminationshouldbeforbidden.B(考查动词)MaXianfu9．waselected(elect)asheadoftownshipin1987．Toleadthevillagerstogetrich,heevenhadhairs10．shaved(shave)offtoshowhisdetermination.Hewasoneofthosewhofirst11．grasped(grasp)thecountry'spolicyofopeninguptotheoutsideworld.By12．reforming(reform)themanagementsystem,thelocalcompanieswerebooming.Unfortunately,anaccident13．occurred(occur),inwhichMaXianfulosthislife.Thatday,he14．slipped(slip)ontheicyroad,andthenacarranhimover.Peoplefromallsidesgathered15．tomourn(mourn)theoutstandingleader.Afterhisdeath,manycompaniesbegantoslide,16．hiring(hire)fewerandfewerworkers.Thestory17．indicates(indicate)thatagoodleaderplaysavitalroleinlocaleconomicdevelopment.C(考查句型)JacklikesexploringtheAmazoninBrazil,buthenevertakeschances;that's18．whyhehassurvivedwhilemostofhispartnershaven't.Heprefers19．tomake(make)carefulplansinadvanceratherthanriskhislifetodothingsthatareboundtofail.Lastweek,JackbegananothertriptotheAmazon.Firsthearrivedin20．whatisknownasManaus,acitywhere21．itisbelievedthatsomeplacesofinterestarewellworthavisit.ProvincePalaceisoneofthem.22．Built(build)in1874,thisbuildingusedtoserveaspoliceheadquarters.Today,itishometoseveraldifferentorganizations.Jackfeltlike23．dropping(drop)inatthisbuildingbeforehisboattourtotheAmazon.\nⅡ.语境短文改错(短文中有7处错误)ChinesepeoplefirstcametoAmericainearly1800s,workingasminersorrailwaybuilders.Lifewastough,butgraduallytheysettleddowninAmericaandmadealifeforthem.Insomecities,theyformedwhatwerelatertobeknowas“Chinatowns”，wheretheykeptupwiththeircustomsandtraditions.Takingahelicopter,youcangetagoodviewsoftheseChinatowns.NowagreatlymanyChineseimmigrantshavechosentosettleinthe“Chinatowns”.ThespiritsoftheChinesepioneers'hardstrugglewillliveonintheheartsofthosewhoistofollow.【答案】 ChinesepeoplefirstcametoAmericainearly1800s,workingasminersorrailwaybuilders.Lifewastough,butgraduallytheysettleddowninAmericaandmadealifefor.Insomecities,theyformedwhatwerelatertobeas“Chinatowns”，wheretheykeptuptheircustomsandtraditions.Takingahelicopter,youcangetagoodoftheseChinatowns.NowamanyChineseimmigrantshavechosentosettleinthe“Chinatowns”.ThespiritsoftheChinesepioneers'hardstrugglewillliveonintheheartsofthosewhotofollow.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．这个国家的大部分人都住在这个地区。Themajorityofthepopulationinthecountrylives/liveinthisarea.2．我仍然记得第一次见到珍妮弗的那一天。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmetJennifer.3．我到家的时候，妈妈已经把晚饭做好了。BythetimeIgothome，mymotherhadalreadyfinishedcookingsupper.4．据说中秋节那天的月亮是最大最圆的。It'ssaidthatthemoonisthebiggestandbrightestontheMidAutumnDay.5．大声朗读对我们学习外语来说是非常重要的。Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·开封市高三模拟)ThebusstopsintheDutchcityofUtrechtareasbeautiful\nastheyarepractical.Now，316busstopsfeatureagreenroofthataddssomelifetothecity，whilealsostoringrainwater，catchingdust，andprovidingsomemuchneededshadeduringthehotmonths.Thisprojectisgoodforthehoneybeepopulationthatisattractedtotheplantsontheroof.Tokeepupthissuccessfulecosystem，municipalworkersdrivearoundinelectriccars，takingcareoftheminigardens.Anotheroneofthebiggestbenefitstocomeoutofthesegreenstopsistheimprovedairquality.Smoking，cars，andbacteriaallcontributetopollutingtheairwebreathe.Theseecofriendlypublicspacesactasanairpurifier(净化器)forurbanpeople，thoughhumansaren'ttheonlygroupthatbenefitsfromthem.Utrechthasalsomadegreateffortstowardsmovingtheirtransportationsystemawayfromgasguzzling(耗油的)buses.Thecityhasreplaced10gasguzzlingbuseswithelectricbusesandplanstohaveonlyCO2inactivebusesontheroadsby2028．Thebuseshaveasystemthatrecordsthedriver'sefficiencyandcomfortlevels.Driverscanwinprizesbasedonhowsafeandcomfortabletherideis.Thecityisalsooneofthemostbicyclefriendlyplacesintheworld.Roadshavebeenredesignedforcyclists'convenienceandthereisanewstateoftheartbicycleparkingareathatislocatedbeneathUtrecht'scentraltrainstation.Utrechtoffersincentives(奖励)tokeepcitizensenergizedandmotivatedtolivegreenerlives.There'reevenincentivesforpeopletotransformtheirroofsintogreenroofstoo.AchievingthegoalsofanecofriendlycitytakescooperationandUtrechtisleadingthewaytoprotectourenvironment.【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了荷兰乌得勒支市对公共交通系统的改造情况。该市通过改造公交车站、使用电动公交车等手段，以进一步减少公交系统对环境带来的负面影响。1．WhatisspecialaboutthebusstopsinUtrecht?A．Theyareecofriendly.B．Theycansavealotofenergy.C．Theyareartificiallyintelligent.D．Theycanprovidepowerforbuses.A [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Anotheroneofthebiggestbenefitstocomeoutofthesegreenstopsistheimprovedairquality”可知，该市的车站的特别之处在于其非常环保，故选A。]2．WhatcanweinferaboutthechangestothetransportationsysteminUtrecht?A．Notallbusesaregasguzzlingatpresent.\nB．Gasguzzlingcarshavebeencompletelyreplaced.C．Onlyelectricprivatecarsareallowedontheroads.D．Buseshaveairpurifiersfixedonthem.A [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的“Thecityhasreplaced10gasguzzlingbuseswithelectricbuses”可知，该市已经将10辆耗油的公交车换成了电动公交车。由此可以推测出，当前并不是所有的公交车都是耗油的车，故选A。]3．WhatmightpassengerscommentonthebusserviceinUtrecht?A．Busesarealwaystoocrowded.B．Busesareoftenbehindschedule.C．Busesaretoobigforredesignedroads.D．Busesaregenerallycomfortableandsafe.D [推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Driverscanwinprizesbasedonhowsafeandcomfortabletherideis”可知，司机可以根据所提供的乘车服务的安全和舒适程度来赢得奖品。由此可以推测出，乘客可能会对公交服务表示感到安全与舒适，故选D。]4．WhatarepeoplelivinginUtrechtencouragedtodo?A．Giveupsmoking.B．Creategardensontheirroofs.C．Painttheirroofsgreen.D．Consumemorehoney.B [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“There'reevenincentivesforpeopletotransformtheirroofsintogreenroofstoo”可知，该市还有为将屋顶改造成绿色屋顶的人们提供的奖励。由此可知，B项符合文意。]B(2020·深圳市普通高中第二次测试)EastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocust(蝗虫)outbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion，andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks，urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesmostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakareatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests，anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday，affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday，invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup，therefore，candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.\nThatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofthedesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago，andinFebruary，theUNSecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋风)generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2018，whenaseriesofcyclonesintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半岛)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequiresforbreedinginremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest，dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportneednodelay.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear：abouthalfthefundingisneededforsupervision，groundandskycontrol，andunitingefforts；theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However，bytheendofFebruary，justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况及蝗灾的其他相关情况。5．WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?A．Thereisabigpopulationthere.B．Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C．AfricaliestowestoftheArabianPeninsula.D．Climategoodforbreedingplaysarole.D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion，andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks”及第三段中的“theUNSecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋风)generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts”可知，有利于蝗虫繁殖的气候发挥了作用。故选D。]6．WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?\nA．Towarnoftheterribledamagecausedbylocusts.B．Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C．Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D．TodrawapictureofpresentAfrica.A [推理判断题。根据第二段中列举的数据可以看出，东非蝗灾影响的国家多、人数多及蝗灾的危害大。由此可推知，作者列举那些数据的目的是告知蝗虫造成的严重破坏。故选A。]7．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B．Moremoneyisneededtopreventthecrisis.C．Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D．LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.B [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138million”“However，bytheendofFebruary，justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised”并结合最后一段的内容可知，抗击蝗灾需要很多资金，然而，资金缺口却非常大。故选B。]8．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．KillinglocustsbeforetoolateB．Globalwarming，aworldproblemC．ThefundinggapforthelocustcrisisD．Africa，acrisisstrickenplaceC [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况以及导致蝗灾爆发的因素和其带来的严重后果。故C项最适合作本文标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)AnxietyisaweightthatIhavealwayscarried.Once，inmyfirstgrade，Ihadtoreadabooktothewholeclass.With1，Iwalkeduptothefrontslowly.Ihadn't2ittothesecondpagewhenthetearsstartedfrommyeyes.Itriedto3，butmyteacher'sglarekeptmerootedtotheseat.Sincethenthefrontoftheclassroomhasstayedamajor4ofstressforme.Later，Iwas5abadsituation.Iwasconsumedwith6wheneverIpreparedforapresentation.I7gotsleepless，worryingaboutthequality.Isimply8therealityuntilthelastminute.Whenateacher9aproject，Ialsogotnervous，butnotforthesame10asmyclassmates.Theyfearedthehardwork\n，whileIwasterrifiedofwalkingtothefrontto11．Itwasfunnythatonesingleemotion12acompletedisasterforme.Itdoesn'tsoundso13—everyonegetsnervousandpublicspeakingisthenumberonefear!14，socialanxietyisn'tjustafearofpublicspeaking.Forsomeone，takingatestormakingadecisiontoquitagroupcan15anxiety.Forme，anxietyisbeing16oftryingnewthingsbecauseifIdon'tknowwhattoexpect，Imightmakeafoolofmyself，whichisworsethana17life，atleastinthemoment.Myfamily'slovesavedme.Afteracceptingthatthisisjustme，Ididn't18.AndIalsomadesomefriendsinmyclass.Now，Iraisemyhand，evenwhenIlack19inmyanswer.AndIparticipateinclass，evenifitisinamore20mannerthanothers.AndwhatmattersisthatI'mnowimprovinglittlebylittle.【语篇解读】 焦虑一直困扰着作者。焦虑本来是一种正常的情绪，人人都有，但是对于作者来讲那就是个灾难。本文主要讲述了作者如何被焦虑所困扰，以及如何认清自我，逐步自我改善的故事。1．A.happiness B．confusionC．unwillingness D．surpriseC [根据上一句中的“Ihadto”可推知，作者当时很不情愿，与空后的“Iwalkeduptothefrontslowly”和下文中的“whenthetearsstartedfrommyeyes”呼应。]2．A.made B．pushed C．counted D．gotA [作者还没翻到第二页，眼泪就流了下来。makeitto...“成功抵达……”。]3．A.stop B．leave C．smileD．repeatB [根据该句中的“butmyteacher'sglarekeptmerootedtotheseat”以及上文提到作者的不情愿可推知，作者当时眼泪都掉下来了，想离开，但是老师示意“我”留在那里。]4．A.sourceB．loss C．sign D．effectA [经过这次经历后，教室前面的位置给作者留下了阴影，成了作者压力之根源所在。source“来源”符合语境。]5．A.curiousabout B．sensitivetoC．carefulwith D．stuckinD [根据上文中的“AnxietyisaweightthatIhavealwayscarried”可推知，作者后来深陷这种焦虑和压力的泥潭不能自拔。bestuckin“陷入”。]\n6．A.angerB．guilt C．anxietyD．regretC [根据下一句中的“gotsleepless，worryingaboutthequality”可推知，作者后来只要一准备展示就会深感焦虑，甚至到了失眠的程度。]7．A.yet B．again C．still D．evenD [参看上题解析。]8．A.changedB．ignoredC．confirmed D．rememberedB [作者焦虑到躲避现实，直到最后一分钟才去面对。ignore“忽视”。]9．A.finishedB．announced C．financed D．cancelledB [根据下文中的“Theyfearedthehardwork”并结合选项可推知，当老师宣布一项专题研究时，作者也感到紧张。]10．A.reasonB．purpose C．benefitD．threatA [根据下文中的“Theyfearedthehardwork，whileIwasterrifiedofwalkingtothefrontto________”可推知，此处陈述的是作者和别的同学们对老师所宣布的专题研究感到担忧的原因不同。]11．A.whisperB．dance C．presentD．replyC [根据上文中的“wheneverIpreparedforapresentation”，并结合本空前的“walkingtothefront”可推知，作者害怕的不是准备专题研究的辛苦而是去教室前展示自己。]12．A.held B．put C．broke D．seemedD [奇怪的是一种单一的情绪对于作者来讲似乎是一种灾难。这与上文提到的作者一做展示就焦虑不安的状况呼应。]13．A.awful B．familiar C．practical D．naturalA [根据该句中的“everyonegetsnervousandpublicspeakingisthenumberonefear”可推知，这听起来并没有什么可怕的，每一个人都会焦虑，而且公开演讲是最令人害怕的。awful“可怕的”。]14．A.ThereforeB．Moreover\nC．However D．OtherwiseC [根据上句中的“everyonegetsnervousandpublicspeakingisthenumberonefear”和本句中的“socialanxietyisn'tjustafearofpublicspeaking”可推知，该处表示逻辑上的转折关系。]15．A.reduce B．cause C．handleD．removeB [对于某些人来讲，参加一场考试或者做出一个退出某个组织的决定都可能导致焦虑。]16．A.fond B．aware C．proud D．scaredD [根据上文中的“thenumberonefear”可推知，对于作者来讲，焦虑就是恐惧尝试新事物。]17．A.boringB．successful C．busy D．privateA [根据本句中的“worse”，并结合选项可推知，此处指比原本就枯燥无聊的生活更糟。]18．A.showoffB．giveup C．getalongD．setoutB [根据下一句“AndIalsomadesomefriendsinmyclass”，并结合该句中的“Afteracceptingthatthisisjustme”可推知，作者认清了自己的性格之后，并没有因为自己的缺点而放弃，而是逐步地自我改善，这与下文中的“I'mnowimprovinglittlebylittle”呼应。]19．A.assistanceB．interestC．experienceD．confidenceD [根据该句中的“even”并结合选项可推知，作者现在即使在对答案并不那么自信的情况下也举手发言。]20．A.professionalB．aggressiveC．reservedD．consistentC [根据上文可知，作者很害怕公开演讲，社交时也会焦虑，由此可推知，作者在参与班级活动时，比其他同学更矜持。reserved“矜持的，内向的”，故选C。aggressive“侵略的，好斗的”；consistent“始终如一的，一致的”。]
