课时提能练(三十五)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·河南天一大联考，D)Youcanrelaxifrememberingeverythingisn'tyourstrongsuit.Recentresearchmakesthecasethatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.Traditionalresearchonmemoryhasfocusedontheadvantagesofrememberingeverything.Butlookingthroughyearsofrecentmemorydata，researchersfoundthattheneurobiologyofforgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecisionmakingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.Makingintelligentdecisionsdoesn'tmeanyouneedtohavealltheinformationathand.Itjustmeansyouneedtoholdontothemostvaluableinformation.Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostuptodateinformationonclientsandsituations.Ourbrainsdothisbycreatingnewneurons(神经元)inourhippocampus,whichhavethepowertooverwrite(重写)existingmemoriesthatareinfluencingourdecisionmaking.Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinourbrain'slearningregion,tryexercising.Someaerobicexerciselikejogging,powerwalkingandswimminghasbeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsordetailsaboutoldjobs,thebrainismakingachoicethatthesedetailsdon'tmatter.Althoughtoomuchforgetfulnesscanbeacauseforconcern，theoccasionallostdetailcanbeasignofaperfectlyhealthymemorysystem.Theresearchersfoundthatourbrainsfacilitatedecisionmakingbystoppingusfromfocusingtoomuchonunimportantpastdetails.Instead,thebrainhelpsusrememberthemostimportantpartofaconversation.Wecangetblamedforbeingabsentmindedwhenweforgetpasteventsinperfectdetail.Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecall(记忆)canbeovervalued.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。最新的研究表明：健忘可能是一种优势，事实上，选择性记忆甚至可能是高智商的标志。1．Howcanwehelpourbrainsproducemoreneurons?A．Byhavingdeepsleepfrequently.\nB．Bypracticingswimmingregularly.C．Bydoingmentallaborrepeatedly.D．Bylearningnewskillsconstantly.B [细节理解题。本题题干意为：我们如何帮助我们的大脑产生更多的神经元？根据文章第四段中的“Someaerobicexerciselikejogging，powerwalkingandswimminghasbeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneurons...(已经发现诸如慢跑、快走、游泳之类的有氧运动可增加神经元的数量……)”可知答案为B项。A：通过时常深度睡眠；C：通过反复做脑力劳动；D：通过不断学习新技能。]2．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace“facilitate”underlinedinParagraph5?A．Postpone. B．Repeat.C．Promote.D．Abuse.C [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下面哪个词可以最好地替代第五段中的画线词“facilitate”？根据画线词前面的(偶尔忘记细节可能表明记忆系统是非常健康的)可推知画线句应为：研究人员发现我们的大脑通过阻止我们过分关注过去的一些不重要的细节而推动(promote)决策。综上所述，本题答案为C项。A：推迟；B：重复；D：滥用。]3．Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetext?A．Memorylossiswellworthnoticing.B．Decisionscan'tbemadewithoutmemories.C．Weshouldn'tstresstotalrecalltoomuch.D．Forgettingisevenmoreimportantthanremembering.C [推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们可从文中得出什么结论？根据题干中的conclusion可推知本题答案区间在最后一段。根据文章最后一段中的“Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecall(记忆)canbeovervalued.(这些发现向我们表明：完全记忆的能力可能被高估了。)”可知答案为C项(我们不应该太强调完全记忆)。]B(2019·福建福安六中月考，C)Runningisoftentiringandalotofhardwork,butnothingbeatsthefeelingyougetafterfinishingalongworkoutaroundthetrack.Butwhileit'slongbeenbelievedthatendorphins(内啡肽)—chemicalsinthebodythatcausehappiness—arebehindthesocalled“runner'shigh”，astudysuggestedthattheremaybemoretothisphenomenonthanwepreviouslyknew.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities，agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoids(内源性大麻素)mayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.\nTotestthistheory,thescientiststurnedtomice.Bothmiceandhumansreleasehighlevelsofendorphinsandendocannabinoidsafterexercise,alongwithmanyotherchemicals.Afterexercisingonrunningwheels,themiceseemedhappyandrelaxedanddisplayednosignsofanxiety.Butafterbeinggivenadrugtoblocktheirendorphinstheychanged.However,whentheirendocannabinoidswereblockedwithadifferentdrug,theirrunner'shighsymptomsseemedtofade.“Thelongheldnotionofendorphinsbeingresponsiblefortherunner'shighisfalse.Endorphinsareeffectivepainrelievers,butonlywhenitcomestothepaininyourbodyandmusclesyoufeelafterworkingout，”PatrickLucasAustinwroteonscienceblogLifehacker.Similarstudiesareyettobecarriedoutonhumans,butit'salreadywellknownthatexerciseisahighlyeffectivewaytogetridofstressoranxiety.TheUK'sNationalHealthServiceevenprescribes(开药方)exercisetopatientswhoaresufferingfromdepression.“Beingdepressedcanleaveyoufeelinglowinenergy，whichmightputyouoffbeingmoreactive.Regularexercisecanboostyourmoodifyouhavedepression,andit'sespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate(中等的)depression，”itwroteonitswebsite.Itseemslikenothingcanbeatthatfeelingwegetafteragoodworkout,evenifwedon'tfullyunderstandwhereitcomesfrom.Atleastifwe'refeelingdown,weknowthatallwehavetodoisputonourrunningshoes.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，但在跑道上跑上几圈后跑步者会产生一种愉悦感。长期以来，人们普遍认为这种愉悦感是一种名为内啡肽的化学成分产生的，但一项新的研究结果证明情况并非如此。4．WhatdidscientistsfromGermanuniversitiesrecentlydiscover?A．Workingoutisahighlyeffectivewaytotreatdepression.B．Therunner'shighcouldbecausedbyendocannabinoids.C．Endorphinsmaycontributetoone'shighspiritsafterrunning.D．Thelevelofendorphinsandendocannabinoidscouldaffectone'smood.B [细节理解题。本题题干意为：最近，来自德国几所大学的科学家们发现了什么？根据第三段(根据最近一组来自德国几所大学的科学家所发表的一份报告，事实上，一组被称为内源性大麻素的化学物质可能导致了这种人们熟悉的愉悦感)可知答案为B项(跑步者愉悦感可能是由内源性大麻素造成的)。]\n5．Thescientistsgavemicedrugsintheirexperimentto________.A．findwhatreducestherunner'shighsymptomsB．seethespecificsymptomsoftherunner'shighC．identifywhatisresponsiblefortherunner'shighD．testwhatinfluencesthelevelofendocannabinoidsreleasedC [细节理解题。本题题干意为：科学家在实验中给小白鼠药物是为了________？根据第三、四段尤其是第四段“Totestthistheory，thescientiststurnedtomice.”可知答案为C项(以鉴别是什么物质产生therunner'shigh“跑步者愉悦感”)。]6．Theunderlinedword“notion”inParagraph7hastheclosestmeaningto________.A．effect B．goalC．questionD．beliefD [词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第七段中的画线词“notion”与________意思最相近？该词所在句子与第二段内容相呼应，因此notion的意思是“观点”，与belief意思最相近，故答案为D项。]7．AccordingtotheUK'sNationalHealthService,regularworkouts________.A．arethebestwaytotreatdepressionB．canhelpeasedepressionsymptomsC．onlyworkforthosewithseriousdepressionD．canhelppeoplecompletelyrecoverfromdepressionB [细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据英国国民健康服务体系，经常锻炼________。根据倒数第二段中“Regularexercisecanboostyourmoodifyouhavedepression，andit'sespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate(中等的)depression(如果你心情郁闷，经常锻炼可以提升情绪，对于那些患轻微至中等抑郁症的人来说尤其重要)”可知答案为B项(可有助于缓解抑郁的症状)。]C(2020·湖北襄阳四中3月检测，D)Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestoincrease,sodoestheamountofglobalwastepeopleproduce.AccordingtodatacollectedbytheWorldBankGroup,nationswillgenerate4billiontonsofwasteannuallybytheyear2100.Thepollutionfromtrashisnotonlyruiningtheworld'soceans,airandsoilbutendangeringalllivingcreatures.Foryearsgovernmentagencieshavebeentellingcitizenstoliveazerowastelifestyle.Traditionally,manufacturerswouldmakeaproducttobeusedandthrownbyconsumers.Thislinearmodelofproductionofferednohelpinthefightagainst\nglobalwaste.Alternatively,acirculareconomyhasbeenintroduced.Thisisasystemwhichaimstominimizewasteandrestoreusedmaterials.Onceaproduct'svalueisexhausted,thematerialsarerecycledandreturnedtomanufacturers.Theoutcomeislesswaste.In2016，TheWallStreetJournalreportedonTaiwanIsland'srecyclingsuccessrateinanarticletitledTheWorld'sGeniusesofGarbageDisposal.In1997,Taiwanestablisheditssignature4in1RecyclingProgram,consistingofcommunities，recyclingenterprises，governmentcleaningteamsandtheRecyclingFund.Residentsseparatetheirrecyclablewasteandbringittotheircommunity'srecyclinglocations.Thelocalgovernmentcollectionteamsandprivatecollectorscollectit.Recyclingcompaniesbuywastematerialsfromthemtogenerateprofits.ImportersandmanufacturerswhoareresponsiblefortherecyclableproductspayafeeintotheRecyclingFund.TheRecyclingFundisanessentialaspectoftheprogramusedtosubsidize(资助)therecyclingdisposalsystem,supporteducation,researchanddevelopmentaswellasfinancerecyclingeffortsinthefuture.Byfollowingacircularsystem,moreproductsthaneverarebeingmanufacturedusingrecycledmaterials.Forexample，usedtirescanberecoveredtopaveroads,whileplasticisreusedtomakenewplasticproducts.Anditalsohelpstoconservenaturalresources,reducepollution,savelandfillspaceandevencreatenewjobopportunities.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然。文章介绍了一种新的循环体系。8．Whyhasacirculareconomybeenintroduced?A．Thepopulationisontherise.B．Itcanhelphandleglobalwaste.C．Thelivingcreaturesontheeartharegettinglessdiverse.D．Traditionalproductsarenotenvironmentallyfriendly.B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thisisasystemwhichaimstominimizewasteandrestoreusedmaterials.”可知，这种体系有助于应对全球垃圾。]9．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe4in1RecyclingProgram?A．Therecyclablematerialscanbecollectedofficiallyorprivately.B．Theimportersandmanufacturerscoverthecostsoftheprogram.C．Recyclingcompaniesbuywastematerialsfromtheresidents.D．Thegovernmentinvestsmoneyastherecyclingfund.A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thelocalgovernmentcollectionteamsandprivate\ncollectorscollectit.”可知，可循环使用的废弃物是由政府和个人共同收集的。故选A项。]10．What'stheeffectofthecircularsystem?A．Itwillcausenowasteorpollution.B．Itreducesthecostsoftheproducts.C．Ithelpslowertheunemploymentrate.D．Allthematerialscanberecycledagain.C [推理判断题。由文中最后一句中“evencreatenewjobopportunities”可知，循环体系可以创造新的工作机会，有助于降低失业率。故选C项。]11．Whichofthefollowingdoesthetextsuggest?A．Donothingbyhalves.B．Allthatglistersisn'tgold.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Oneman'strashisanotherman'streasure.D [推理判断题。本文主要讲述了对于废弃物的回收和循环利用，在某些方面看似无用的垃圾可能会被很好地利用在其他方面，故选D项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(山东省济南市莱芜一中2021届高三一次质检)We'veallheardthephrase,“Worksmarter,notharder.”Whenitcomestostudying,therearesomeveryspecificwaysyoucanimproveyoureffectivenesswithoutaddingloadsofextrawork.Createagameplan.Beforeyoubeginyourstudysession,createagameplanforexactlyhowyouwillstudy.Considerwhatyouwillstudy,howlongyou'llspendoneachsubjectandwhatstudymethodsyouwilluse.1Takeatleast10minutesbeforeyourstudysessiontomapoutyourgameplan.Outlineyournotes.Takingthetimetoboilyournotesdowntoastandardoutlinecanhelpyougrasptheoverallconceptsyou'restudying.Youcertainlycanborroworcopysomeoneelse'snotes,butyoumustworkhardtoputeverythinginyourownwords.2Manytimes,understandingthebigpictureisjustasimportantasrememberingalltheindividualfacts.Outliningallowsyoutofileindividualfactsunderlargerideas.Maintainbalance.Balancecanbedifficulttomaintaininschoolbutit'scrucialforsuccess.3Seektocarryoutabalancedlife.Makesuretomaintainasociallifeanddevelophobbiesoutsideofschool.Stayintouchwithyourfamilyandkeeptheminformedofyourschoolprogress.It'scertainlyachallenge,butlivingin\nbalancewillkeepyouonthepathtosuccess.4Ifyouwanttodowellinschool,yousimplyhavetodoit.Buttherearespecificwaystostudybetter.Tomakethemostofyourlimitedtime.5Byfollowingthemethodsabove,youcanraisethequalityofyourstudyingsessionswithoutnecessarilyincreasingthequantity.A．Tokeepfromspinningyourwheels.B．There'snowaytogetaroundstudying.C．Writeoutyournotesbyhandduringclass.D．Ifyoudon't,you'llfailtounderstandthelargerconcept.E．Thisallowsyoutostudytherightmaterialsattherighttime.F．Thelastthingyouwanttodoisburyyourselfinamountainofbooks.G．Don'tspendallyourtimestudyingorallyourtimehangingwithfriends.【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高学习效率的一些具体的方法。1．E [根据上文“Createagameplan.Beforeyoubeginyourstudysession,createagameplanforexactlyhowyouwillstudy.Considerwhatyouwillstudy,howlongyou'llspendoneachsubjectandwhatstudymethodsyouwilluse.”可知制定一个游戏计划。在你开始学习之前，为你将如何学习制定一个游戏计划。考虑一下你要学什么，每门课要花多长时间，以及你要用什么学习方法。由此可知，上文提出方法，本句说明这个方法的作用在于可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料。故E选项“这可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料”符合语境，故选E。]2．D [根据上文“Youcertainlycanborroworcopysomeoneelse'snotes,butyoumustworkhardtoputeverythinginyourownwords.”可知你当然可以借或抄别人的笔记，但你必须努力用自己的话表达。以及后文“Manytimes,understandingthebigpictureisjustasimportantasrememberingalltheindividualfacts.(很多时候，理解大局和记住所有的个别事实一样重要)”由此可知，上文提到用自己的话表达是为了更好地理解概念，如果不这样做，就无法理解更大的概念。故D选项“如果你不这样做，你就无法理解更大的概念”符合语境，故选D。]3．G [根据上文“Maintainbalance.Balancecanbedifficulttomaintaininschoolbutit'scrucialforsuccess.”可知保持平衡。在学校里很难保持平衡，但这是成功的关键。由此可知，本句承接上文具体说明，要保持平衡意味着不要把你所有的时间都花在学习上，或者花在和朋友玩上。故G选项“不要把你所有的时间都花在学习上，或者花在和朋友玩上”符合语境，故选G。]4．B [根据后文“Ifyouwanttodowellinschool,yousimplyhavetodo\nit.”可知如果你想在学校取得好成绩，你就必须这样做。由此可知，要想在学校取得好成绩，那么努力学习是无法逃避的，你必须学习。故B选项“学习是没有办法逃避的”符合语境，故选B。]5．A [根据上文“Tomakethemostofyourlimitedtime.”可知充分利用你有限的时间。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，充分利用有限的时间意味着不要磨洋工，本句与上文为并列关系。故A选项“不要磨洋工”符合语境，故选A。]
