石景山区2022高考英语阅读理解暑假训练（9）及答案Peopletendtobecomemorepersonalandhidelessofthemselveswhenusingemail．ResearchersfromOpenUniversityinBritainhavefoundinarecentstudythattherearegoodreasonsforthis．Theteamofresearchersasked83pairsofstudents,allstrangerstoeachother,tosolveaproblem．Theyhadtodiscussthisquestion:Ifonlyfivepeopleintheworldcouldbesavedfromaworlddisaster,whoshouldtheybe?Thepairsofstudentshadtotalkovertheproblemeitherfacetofaceorbycomputers．Dr．Johnsonsaid,“TheytoldtheirpartnersfourtimesasmuchaboutthemselveswhentheytalkedovertheInternetaswhentheytalkedfacetoface．Whenthecomputerswerefittedwithcamerassothatstudentscouldseeeachother,thislimitedthepersonalsideoftheconversation．”Generallytheinformationwasnotextremelypersonal．Itwasmainlyaboutthingssuchaswheretheywenttoschool,orwheretheyusedtolive．Butsomestudentsdiscussedtheirlovestories,andpersonalchildhoodexperiences．Dr．Johnsonbelievesthatemailingencouragespeopletofocusonthemselves．Andwhentheydothis,theybecomemoreopen,especiallyiftherearenocameras．“Ifyoucannotseetheotherperson,itbecomeseasiertotalkaboutyourself．Thisisbecauseyouarenotthinkingwhattheotherpersonisthinkingofyou．Soemailinghasbecomethemodernwayoftalking．”saidDr．Johnson．However,thisstyleoftalkingisnotentirelynew．“Inthe19thcenturypeoplestartedtousethe‘telegraph’tocommunicate．Nowthesamekindofthinghashappenedandpeopleendedupspeakingmorefreely．”Dr．Johnsonthinksthate-mailersneedtoknowabouttheseeffectsofemailing,especiallywhentheystartworkinacompany．“Ifyoudon’tknowaboutit,youcouldfindyourselfsayingmoreaboutyourselfthanyouwantedto．”17．Thesubjectdiscussedinthispassageis．A．howpeopleopenupwhenemailing-8-\nB．howpeopledoresearchstudiesC．howtocommunicateatworkD．howtodiscussandsolveaproblem18．Thereasonthatsomecouplestalkedfreelyaboutthemselvesisthat．A．theydidn’ttalkaboutverypersonalthingsB．theycouldn’tseeeachotherC．thecamerasonthecomputerswereturnedonD．theyhadtodiscussaquestion19．Whatdotheunderlinedwords（inpara．4）referto?A．Thetelegraph．B．Thecomputer．C．Emailing．D．Face-to-facetalk．20．Inthewriter’sopinion,oneshould．A．focusononeselfwhenemailingB．talkmorefreelyinemailthanusualC．discussanysubjectthatonewantstoD．considerhowoneusesemailatworkE)ABCD***********************************************************结束“Thepenismorepowerfulthanthesword（刀）.”Therehavebeenmanywriterswhousedtheirpenstofightthingsthatwerewrong.MrsHarrietBeecherStowewasoneofthem. ShewasbornintheU.S.A.in1811.Oneofherbooksnotonlymadeherfamousbuthasbeendescribedasonethatexcitedtheworld,andwashelpfulincausingacivilwarandfreeingtheenslavedrace.ThecivilwarwastheAmericanCivilWarof1861,-8-\ninwhichtheNorthernStatesfoughttheSouthernStatesandfinallywon. ThisbookthatshooktheworldwascalledUncleTom'sCabin.TherewastimewheneveryEnglish-speakingman,woman,andchildhasreadthisnovelthatdidsomuchtostopslavery.Notmanypeoplereadittoday,butitisstillveryinteresting.Thebookhasshownushowawarm-heartedwritercanarouse(唤起)people'ssympathies.TheauthorherselfhadneitherbeentotheSouthernStatesnorbeenaslave.TheSouthernAmericanswereveryangryatthebook,whichtheysaiddidnotatallrepresenttruestateofaffairs,buttheNorthernAmericanswerewildlyexcitedoveritandweresoinspiredbyitthattheywerereadytogotowartosettheslavesfree.13.Accordingtothepassage______. A.everyEnglish-speakingpersonhasreadUncleTom'sCabin B.UncleTom'sCabinwasnotveryinteresting C.thosewhodon'tspeakEnglishcannothavereadUncleTom'sCabin D.thebookUncleTom'sCabindidagreatdealintheAmericanCivilWar14.WhatdoyoulearnaboutMrsHarrietBeecherStowefromthepassage? A.ShehadbeenlivinginthenorthofAmericabeforetheAmericanCivilWarbrokeout. B.SheherselfencouragedtheNorthernAmericanstogotowartosettheslavesfree. C.Shewasbetteraswritingasswinging(挥舞)asword. D.Shehadoncebeenaslave.15.WhycouldMrs.HarrietBeecherStowe'sbookcauseacivilwarinAmerica? A.ShewrotesowellthatAmericanslovedherverymuch. B.ShedisclosedtheterriblewrongsthathadbeendonetotheslavesintheSouthernStates. C.TheSouthernAmericanshatedthebookwhiletheNorthernAmericanslikeit. D.ThebookhadbeenreadbymanyAmericans.16.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A.Weneedn'tuseweapons(武器)tofightthingsthatarewrong.-8-\n B.Awriterismorehelpfulinawarthanasoldier. C.Wemustunderstandtheimportanceofliteratureandart. D.NowarcanbewonwithoutsuchabookasUncleTom'sCabin.13—16、DABC*****************************************************结束Gossip(流言蜚语)ismorepowerfulthantruth,astudyhasshown,suggestingthatpeoplebelievewhattheyhearinaninformalwayeveniftheyhaveevidencetothecontrary.Researchers,testingstudentsusingacomputergame,alsofoundgossipplayedanimportantroleindecisionmaking,saidRalfSommerfeld,anevolutionarybiologistwholedthestudy."Weshowthatgossiphasastronginfluence...evenwhenparticipantshaveaccesstothecorrectinformation,"theresearcherswrote."Itisevidentthatgossiphasstrongmanipulative(控制的)potential."Inthestudy,theresearchersgavethestudentsmoneyandallowedthemtogiveittoothersinaseriesofrounds.Thestudentsalsowrotenotesthatanyonecouldviewabouthowothersplayedthegame.Studentstendedtogivelessmoneytopeopledescribedas"scrooges"andmoretothosedescribedas"generousplayers"or"socialplayers",Sommerfeldsaid."Peopleonlytookthegossipintoaccount,notthepastdecisionstheythemselveshadwitnessed,"hesaidinatelephoneinterview.Theresearchersthentookthegameastepfurtherandshowedthestudentstheactualdecisionspeoplehadmade,whilesupplyinggossipthatcontradicted(同……相矛盾)thatevidence.Inthesecases,thestudentsstillbasedtheirdecisionsonthegossip,ratherthantheevidence,Sommerfeldsaid."Rationally(理性地),ifyouknowwhatsomeonedid,that’sallyoushouldcareabout,buttheystilllistenedtowhatotherssaid,"hesaid.Researchershavelongusedsimilargamestostudyhowpeoplecooperateandtheinfluenceofgossipongroups.Scientistsdefinegossipassocialinformationspreadaboutapersonwhoisnotpresent,Sommerfeldsaid.45.Whichofthefollowingarepeoplemorelikelytobelieve,accordingtothestudy?A.Somethingsaidinformallyaboutsomeone.B.Informationaboutsomeonesupportedbyevidence.C.Wordssaidaboutapersoninhisorherpresence.-8-\nD.Correctinformation.46.Whodoestheunderlinedword"scrooges"inParagraph4probablyreferto?A.Peoplewhoareunkind.B.Peoplewhoareugly.C.Peoplewhohavelittlemoneybutsaytheyhavealot.D.Peoplewholovehavingmoneybuthatespendingit.47.Whatshouldpeoplevaluewhentheymakedecisionsaboutothers,inSommerfeld’sopinion?A.Theiractions.B.Theirwords.C.Theirsocialpositionsandpastdecisions.D.Theoriginofinformationaboutthem.48.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofgossip.B.Howgossipisproduced.C.Howgossipismorepowerfulthantruth.D.Thedifferencebetweentruthandgossip.***********************************************结束AOncetherewasan11-year-oldboywhowentfishingwithhisfatherinthemiddleofaNewHampshirelake.Onthedaybeforebass(巴斯鱼)seasonopened,theywerefishingearlyintheevening,catchingotherfishwithworms.Thentheboytiedonasmallsilverlure(鱼饵)andputitintothelake.Suddenlyhefeltthatsomethingverybigpullingonthelure.Hisfatherwatchedwithadmirationastheboyskillfullybroughtthefishbesidethebank.Finallyheliftedthetiredfishfromthewater.Itwasthelargestonehehadeverseen,butitwasabass.Theboyandhisfatherlookedatthebigfish.Thefatherlitamatchandlookedathiswatch.Itwas10pm–twohoursbeforetheseasonopened.Helookedatthefish,thenattheboy.“You’llhavetoputitback,son,”hesaid.“Dad!”criedtheboy,“Therewillbeotherfish,”saidhisfather.“Notasbigasthisone,”criedtheboy.Helookedaroundthelake.Nootherfishermenor-8-\nboatswereinsightinthemoonlight.Helookedagainathisfather.Eventhoughnoonehadseenthem,norcouldanyoneeverknowwhattimehehadcaughtthefish,theboycouldtellfromhisfather’svoicethatthedecisioncouldn’tbechanged.Hethrewthehugebassintotheblackwater.Thebigfishdisappeared.Theboythoughtthathewouldneveragainseesuchabigfish.Thatwas34yearsago.TodaytheboyissuccessfularchitectinNewYorkCity.Heoftentakeshisownsonanddaughterstofishatthesameplace.Andhewasright.Hehasneveragaincaughtsuchalargefishastheonehegotthatnightlongago.Buthedoesseethatsamefish…againandagain…everytimehehasanethical(伦理的，道德的)decisiontomake.For,ashisfatherhadtaughthim,ethicsaresimplemattersofrightandwrong.Itisonlythepracticeofethicsthatisdifficult.41.Whathappenedwhenthebigfishturnedouttobeabass?A.Theboyandhisfatherdiscussedwhattodowiththebigfish.B.Theboythrewthebassbackintothewaterwillingly.C.Thefatherlitamatchinordertocheckthetime.D.Theyworriedotherfishermenmaydiscoverwhattheyhaddone.42.Fromthetextweknowthatthefather_________.A.didn’tlovehissonB.alwaysdisagreedwithhissonC.dislikedthehugefishD.wasfirmandstubborn43.Thesuccessfularchitectwentfishingwithhischildrenatthesameplacebecause_________.A.theymightcatchabigfishthereB.hewastaughtamorallessonthereC.itwasamostpopularfishingspotD.theirchildrenenjoyedfishingthere44.Whatdoesthestoryimply?A.Itiseasytosaysomething,butdifficulttodo.B.Anethicaldecisionisalwayseasytomake.C.It’shardtotellrightfromwrongsometimesD.Fishingcanhelponetomakerightdecisions.**********************************************************结束-8-\nDuringmyelementaryschoolyears,IusedtocomparemymomwithmybestfriendTiffany’smom.Tiffany'smomalwaysgaveherlotsofmoneytobuythemostfashionableclothesandfavoritefood.Hermomallowedhertodoanythingsheliked.IreallyadmiredTiffany.Mymomdidn'tgivememuchpocketmoneyandshealwaystoldmethatIshouldbehavemyself.Iwasannoyedwithher.WheneverIdidn'tgetwhatIwanted,Iwouldcomplaintomymom,"Tiffany'smomwouldgiveherthat!Iwishsheweremymom."Everytime,mymomwouldcalmlysay"PoorTiffany".Icouldn'tunderstandher."Sheshouldn'tbefeelingsorryforTiffany!"Ithought."Sheshouldbefeelingsorryforme."Oneday,Icouldn'thelpsayingtoMom,"PoorTiffany?LuckyTiffany!Shegetseverythingshewants!Whydoyoufeelsorryforher?"Iburstintotears.Mymomsatdownnexttomeandsaidsoftly,"Yes,Idofeelsorryforher.Ihavebeenteachingyoualessonthatshewillneverbetaught."Ilookedupather."Whatareyoutalkingabout?"Momsaidwithcare,"Onedayshewillreallywantsomething.Maybeshe'llfindoutthatshecan'thaveit.Hermotherwon'talwaysbearoundtogivehermoney,andwhat'smore,moneycan'tbuyeverything."Shecontinued,"Ihavetaughtyouvaluablelessonsbynotgivingyoueverythingyouwant.You'llknowhowtolookforbargainsandsavemoney,butshewon't.You'llunderstandthatyouneedtoworkhardtogetthethingsthatyouwantbutshewon't.WhenTiffanyisagrownwoman,she'llwakeuponedayandshewillbewishingthatshehadamomliketheoneyou'vegot.Lifelessonsaremoreimportantthanmodernclothesanddeliciousfood."Ittooksometime,butIeventuallyunderstoodmymom'swords.NowIamahappyandsuccessfulwoman.13.Duringtheauthor'selementaryschoolyears,she___________.-8-\nA.wishedthathermomwereasgoodasTiffany'sB.wenttoschoolwithTiffanyeverydayC.usuallycomparedherlessonwithTiffany'sD.sometimesgavelotsofmoneytoTiffany14.Whydidtheauthor'smomalwayssay"PoorTiffany"?A.ShefeltsorryforTiffanybecauseTiffanywaspoor.B.Shewantedtotellalietocomforttheauthor.C.ShethoughtthatTiffanywasspoiledbyhermother.D.ShetoldtheauthorthisandwantedhertohelpTiffany.15.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'smother?A.Shewasstrictandtaughttheauthortobeindependent.B.Shecaredforotherpeople'schildrenmorethanherown.C.Shethoughtthatlifelessonswereasimportantasmoney.D.Shewassopoorthatshecouldn'tgivetheauthormuchmoney.16.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theauthorwasquiteannoyedwithhermotherinthepast.B.Theauthor'smotherfeltsorryforTiffany.C.Tiffany'smothertooktheauthor'smother'sadvice.D.Theauthoristhankfultohermothernow.13—16、ACAD*******************************************************结束-8-
