石景山区2022高考英语阅读理解暑假训练（8）及答案（*******）Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevator,operatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthanci-vilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetel-evisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperi-encedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningrath-erthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality______.A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothesB.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregardC.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentityD.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform-9-\n答案:B指导：这篇文章主要讲述崇尚个性、崇尚多样化的美国人为何爱穿制服，以及制服所带来的利弊，是一道辨别事实题。由第一段第一句“AmericansareproudOftheirvarietyandindividuality，yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform．．．”可知应选B项。2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatarmninuniform______.A.suggestsqualityworkB.discardshissocialidentityC.appearstobemorepracticalD.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes答案:A指导：由第二段第二句"Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform．．．”可判断A项正确。***************************************************************结束阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ARememberthosehighlychargedfirstdays?Theywerefullofreal-lifetestswheretherewasalwayssomethingnewtolearn,andnotalwaysfromabook.Oneofmyfirstlessonsoccurredonmyfirstdayofkindergarten,whenIgotonthewrongbus---asmyoldersisterstilllikestoremindme.Life’sminorembarrassmentsdohappen,andIknowIcan’tprotectmyownchildrenfromthem.IjusttrytoteachthemtolaughattheirslikeIdoatmine.MydaughterErinstartedonthewrongfootinthe1stgrade,atanewschoolwheresheknewnoone.Alltheother1stgraderscouldn’tresistopeningandclosing,closingandopeningtheirnewdesks.Wouldn'tyouknowErinwouldneitheropennorclose?Shecametofindoutshewassittingonthewrongside!Evengettingaroundinanewschoolcanbeachallenge.Erin'soldersister,Molly,almostmissedherfirstlunchinjuniorhigh.Theschoolsecretarycametoherrescue,armingherwiththeknowledgethatwhilethegymandflexspacewerenextdoortoeachother,lunchwasservedonlyinthelatter.-9-\nThefirstdaysometimeshaspitfallsforMomandDad,too.Once,Imanagedtostockpile(储备)MollyandErin'sschoolsuppliesastheywentonsalethepreviousyear.Ithoughteverythingwasreadyforthefirstday---oh,yeah!Myvictorydancewasshort-lived,however.Afterdayonemyladiesrushedoffthebus,bothworriedandconfused,saying“Mom,weneedwide-rulenotcollege-rulepaper,andthree2-inchnotebooksinsteadoftwo3-inchones!Andforstandardizedtesting,standardizedNo.2pencilsonly,please.”Perhapsmyfavoritefirst-daymemoryhappenedthefirsttimemytwodaughterswenttofull-daypublicschooltogether,whenIwasunderstandablyemotional.Erinnoticedmyredeyesandwhitesmile.“Youarehappyandsad,huh,Mommy?”Suchasensitivegirl!Sheadded,“JustlikethetimewhenyouwerecryingandlaughingafterthecarstoppedrunningontheiceandwewereOK.”Well,atleastIcouldlaugh!1.WhathappenedtoMollythefirstdayshewenttojuniorhighschool?A.Shecouldn'tfindhernewclassroom.B.Shedidn'tknowhowtousehernewdesk.C.Shecouldn’tfindtheplacetohavelunch.D.Shedidn’tgetalongwithherclassmates.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pitfalls”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Unexpectedproblems.B.Greatpleasures.C.Unnecessaryworries.D.Painfulexperiences.3.WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatErin_________.A.hadmixedfeelingswhenleavingherhomeB.didn'twanttogotofull-daypublicschoolC.noticedhermotherwassickthatdayD.understoodhowhermotherfeltthen4.Whatisthesubjectofthepassage?A.TherelationshipbetweenMornandchild.B.Thefirstdayofanewschool-9-\nyear.~C.Howtokeepkidsfrommakingmistakes.D.Sweetmemoriesatschool.参考答案--------(A)CADB*********************************************************结束BManypeopleenjoyanadventurestory.Otherslikemysteriesthatleadthereadertoanexcitingdiscovery.ThestoryoftheyoungBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwincombinesbothofthese.Thatiswhytheauthorandillustrator(插图画家)RosalynSchanzerchosetowritethechildren'sbook“WhatDarwinSaw”.Thebookwaspublishedjustintimeforthe200thanniversaryofCharlesDarwin’sbirthonFebruary12,1809.RosalynSchanzercarefullygatheredDarwin’sthoughtsandobservationsfromhisdiaries,lettersandbooks.ManyofthewordsinthebookareDarwin’sown.ShealsotraveledtotheGalapagosIslandsandSouthAmerica.SheresearchedsomeoftheplacesDarwinhadvisitedonhistripontheship,theBeagleinthe1830s.Shetookthousandsofpictures,whichhelpedhercreatethebook’sbeautifulandcolorfuldrawings.ThesepicturesshowyoungreaderswhatledDarwintoformhisgreatdiscovery:theevolutionofspeciesthroughnaturalselection.“WhatDarwinSaw”tellsoftheadventuresofayoungmanwhotraveledaroundtheworldasascientist.ThevoyageoftheBeagletookCharlesDarwintoSouthAmerica,whereherodehorseswithcowboysandmetNativeAmericansinArgentina.HereportedtheeruptionoftheOsornoVolcanoandexperiencedanearthquakeinChile.Darwin’sobservationsshowedhimthatenvironmentscanchangeveryquicklyandagreatdealovertime.RosalynSchanzerbringstolifethecluesthatsuggestedtoDarwinthatlivingthingsevolve,orchange,overtime.Sheillustratestheunusualtortoises,birdsandlizardsthatDarwinstudiedintheGalapagosIslands.SheshowshowDarwincametounderstandthattheseislandanimalshaddifferences,developedovertime,that-9-\nhelpedthemsurvive.Andsheexplainsthetheoryofevolutionthroughnaturalselectioninawaythatbothchildrenandadultswillenjoy.5.Whois"WhatDarwinSaw"intendedfor?A.Parents.B.Teachers.C.Researchers.D.Children.6.“WhatDarwinSaw”mainlyfocuseson__________.A.howDarwinmadehisvoyagetoSouthAmericaB.whatledDarwintoformthetheoryofevolutionC.whenDarwinlefthomeandbeganhisexpeditionD.whereDarwinexploredthelivingthingsinnature7.RosalynSchanzertookthousandsofpicturesinorderto_________.A.providematerialsforhernewbookB.keeptrackoftheplacesshevisitedC.findoutwhatinterestedyoungDarwinD.enjoythebeautifulscenerylater8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabout“WhatDarwinSaw”?A.Itsauthorbasesherwritingoncarefulresearch.B.Itincludesmanypicturesofvariousspecies.C.ItisintendedtopresentDarwin'slifestory.D.ItwaspublishedinhonorofCharlesDarwin.参考答案-------(B)DBAC*********************************************************结束CReaderJanetMaynardhasalotofyoungbushesinhergardenandissufferingfrom“wateringcanelbow”.SoforJanetandanyoneelsewhodoesn'twanttowastetime,effortandwater,herearemytoptipsforkeepingplantsrefreshedinthirstytimes.Waterintheeveningifpossible,ratherthanleavingittillyouseethingssuffer.Thatwaytherootscantakeupthewaterincoolsoilovernight.-9-\n Violentlyjettinghoses（皮管）messupthesoilstructureandmayexposedelicateroots.Usearose（喷头）onacan.Aimlow–don'twastewaterwettingleaves,eventhoughtheylookprettyand"refreshed".Themostvaluableandeasilydamagedplantsneedthemostattention,suchasnewlyplantedtrees,bushesandclimbers.Removeanywater-keepingmulch（护根物）youmayhaveputaroundthebase,thenwateritthoroughlyatleasttwogallons,slowly.Don'taimyourcanroseatthestem–whichweallusuallytendtodo.Aimthewaterinawidecirclesothatthewholeoftheareaundertheplantiswatered.Youcouldevenmakeachannelinthesoilrightaroundtheplantsothatthewaterisheldinplaceasitsoaks（浸透）in.Replacethemulch.Repeateachweekeveninshoweryweatherforthefirstsummer.Howmuchwaterforpots?Fillupthegapbetweenthetopofthesoilandthetopofthepot.Letthewatersoakrightinandthenfillitagain.Dothisdailyinhotweatherformostsummerpottedplants.Standpotsinsaucers（垫盘）–itmakesabigdifference.Butremembertocheckthattheplantsarenotsittinginwaterfordaysonendwhentheweatherturnswet.Rootswillrot.Ifthefertilizerinpotsreallydriesout,thewatermaygetstraightoutofthepotwithoutbeingabsorbed.Correctthisbystandingorfloatingthepotinabucketofdeepwateruntilitsinksandnobubblesrise.Apush-buttonwateringcanmakesformoreefficientwatering,andrecycledwaterbottlesupsidedownwithaneedlewhichhasaholeontheendareuseful,too,forpots.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“wateringcanelbow”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.AcertainkindofmentaldiseaseB.Theextremethirstforwater.C.Thepowerofwater.D.Tirednessorpaininpartofthebody.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?-9-\nA.Itwouldbebettertowatertheplantintheeveningthaninthemorning.B.It’snecessarytowaternewly-plantedtreesonceaweekinthefirstsummer.C.Putpottedplantsinsaucersincasetherootsrotindampweather.D.Makesurefertilizerinthepotdoesn’tdryout,otherwisethewaterwouldnotbefullyabsorbed.11.Wemayeasilylearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.pottedplantsneedtobewateredeveryweekeveninrainyweather.B.we’dbetterputwaterontheleavesandstemstokeeptheplantsrefreshed.C.It’sbettertousearoseonacantowaterthanjettinghoses.D.peopleusuallydon’twanttowastetime,effortandwaterinraisingplants.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheimportanceofwaterincaringforplantsB.WateringtipsandskillsC.HowtotakecareofyourplantsD.Therelationshipbetweenplantsandwater(C)DCCB***********************************************************结束（******）ThemodernOlympicGameswerefoundedwiththeintentionofimprovinghealthandeducation,promotingworldpeace,andencouragingfairandequalcompetition.Butovertheyears,theolympicsaying,"faster,higher,stronger",haspushedscientistsaswellasathletestodoeverythingpossibletoreachnewlevels.Doctors,engineersandcoachesalluseeverytingsciencehastooffertoachievethatlittlebitextraincompetition.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple:winningisjustasimportantasitwas2,500yearsagoattheolympicsofancientGreece.Developmentsintechnologyhaveoftenbeenreflectedinthemethodsoftrainingandper-formanceattheolympicsthroughhistory.This-9-\ntechnologyfallsintotwomaingroups:improvinganathlet'sperformanceincompetition,andallowingresultstobemeasuredmoreaccurately.Oneofthecreationsthathasdrawnthemostattentionisthenewhigh-techswimsuitfromSpeedo,whichwasusedbymanyUSswimmersinAthens.UntilSydney2000,itwasthoughtthatthesmallertheswimsuit,thefastertheswimmerwouldtravel."However,thefactthatattheSydneyOlympics,28ofthe33goldmedalistswerewearingthebodycoveringFastskinsuitprovedthetheorywasoutofdate,"saidAndyThomas,vicepresidentofSpeed.Thecompany'sfullbodysuitissupposedtomakeswim-mers3to4percentfaster,particularlywhenturningordivingintothewater.Itisbelievedthatthesuitcreateslesswaterre-sistanceasitmoves,behavingmorelikeasharkskinthanahumanskin.Theintroductionofhigh-techequipmentmeansthatathletesinallsports,from100-metresprinttothepolevault,cannowtrainmoreeffectively.Meanwhile,scientificdevlopmentalsomeansperformancescanbemeasuredandstudiedmoreaccurately.Notonlyarewinningtimesmoreaccuratelyrecorded,butcheatingathletesareeasiertocatchout.Athens20典型例题nizerspromisedtouseonlytheverylatestequipmenttomeasuredistanceandspeed.1.WhichisnotthefirstaimofthemodernOlympicGames?A.Improvinghealthandeducation.B.Promotingworldpeace.C.Encouragingfairandequalcompetition.D.Winningmedals.答案:D由文章第一句“．．．theintentionofimprovingbealthandeducation，promotmgworldpreace，andencouragingfairandequalcompetition"知，winningmedals不包括在内，故选D.2.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisthatpeople______.A..makeeveryefforttowinmedalsB.dotheirbesttoinventnewsportsequipmnt-9-\nC.trytotesttheirabilitiesD.wanttoimprovetheirconditionofcompetition答案:A由第二段第二句"Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple：winningisjustasimortantasitwas2，500yearsagoattheOlympicsofancientGreece”知，A选项(努力赢得奖牌)最符合文章。3.Inthepassageitmentionsthathightechnologyisinvolvedin______aspects.A.1B.2C.3D.4答案:B从文章第二段最后一句知：高科技应用于运动的目的有二；提高运动员在竞赛中的表现能力，使比赛结果更准确。***********************************************************结束-9-
