石景山区2022高考英语阅读理解暑假训练（10）及答案Whenwethinkaboutpeoplewhoarcleaders,weoftengetamentalpictureofsomeonewhoisolder,smarter,andwiserthanourselves.Studiesofleadership,though,haveusuallyfoundthatthereisalmostnorelationshipbetweenskillasaleaderandtraditionalmeasuresofintelligence.SomerecentresearchbypsychologistRedFiedleandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbothintelligenceandexperiencemaybeimportantbutjustnowhowimportantdependsuponhowstressfultheworksituationisandwhatkindoftaskistobeac-complished.Theresearchersobtainedmeasuresofintelligence,experience,performance,andstress.Overall,thesevariablesdidnotrelatetooneanother.Menwithhighandlowintelligencewereequallylikelytogivegoodperformance,asweremenwithmoreandlessexperience,ormoreandlessstresswiththeirbosses.Howevcr,whenyoulookseparatelyatthosemenwhohavehighstresswiththeirbosses,thcpicturechanges.Inhighstresssituations,therewasnoassociationbetweenintelligenceandperformance,buttherewasbetweenexperienceandperformance.Inotherwords,indifficuhsituations,itwashelpfulto"knowtheropes".Inlowstresssituations,thefindingswerejusttheopposite.Experiencewasnotrelatedtogoodperformance,butintelligencewas.Thatis.whenthingsaregoingwell,intelligenceisveryusefulinleadership.Astudyoffirefighters'performanceunderhighandlowstressconditionsalsofoundtheexperiencedofficersperformedbestundersituationsofstress.Noneofthisisreallyverysurprising.Ifyouhaveeverhadasupervisoryjobyouprobablyfoundthatatleastasmuchenergywentintohandling(管理)peopleaswentintohandlingthejobitself.Testsofintelligenceatleasttheoneswehavenowdonotpredictsuccessinhandlingpeople.1.Whatkindofpeoplecandothebestjobinstresssituation?A.intelligentpeopleB.experiencedpeople-8-\nC.calmpeopleD.skilledpeople2.Inthethirdsentenceofthelastparagraph."asupervisoryjob"refersto_______.A.amanagementjobB.anadvisoryjobC.ateachingjobD.anorganizingjob3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage.'?A.Instresssituations,therearenoassociationbetweenexperienceandperformance.B.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatmostleadersarclackofintelligence.C.Inlowstresssituations,intelligenceplaysanimportantroleinleadership.D.Generallyspeaking,leadersarelikelytobeclevererthanordinarypeople.4.Inthesecondsentenceofthefourthparagraph,to"knowtheropes"mostprobablymeans________.A.tounderstandthesituationB.tocontrolthesituationC.togetridofthesituationD.tomakesurewhattodoaboutthcsituation答案：D指导：根据上下文可以推断本句意思是：换句话说，在困难的情况下经验有利于控制局势。******************************************************************结束阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AIgrewupinahousewheretheTVwasseldomturnedonandwithonewallinmybedroomentirelylinedwithbookshelves,mostofmychildhoodwasspentonbooksIcouldgetholdof.Infact,Igrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives(观点)bycreatingworldswecouldstepinto,takepart.in.andlivein.Withthisunshakablebelief,attheageoffourteen,Idecidedtobecomeawriter.Heretoo,readingbecameuseful.Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomething-8-\ntosay,butbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoicebyreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthewritersheagreesordisagreeswith,oragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.Hecannotwritewithoutlovingtoread,becauseonlythroughreadingotherpeople’swritingcanonediscoverwhatworks,whatdoesn’tand,intheend,togetherwithlotsofpractice,whatvoicehehas.NowIamincollege,andhavecometorealizehowimportantitistoreadfiction(文学作品)．Asa.lawstudent,myreadingisinfactlimitedtosubjectmatter—thevolume(量)ofwhatIhavetoreadforclasseseveryweekmeansthereislittletimetoreadanythingelse.SuchreadingmadeitalltheclearertomethatIliveinaverysmallpartinthisgreatplacecalledlife.Readingfictionremindsmethatthereislifebeyondmyown.ItallowsmetotravelacrossthehighseasandalongtheSilkRoad,allfromthecomfortofmyownarmchair,toexperience,thoughsecondhand,excitingexperiencesthatIwouldn'tnecessarilybeabletohaveinmylifetime.1.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorasachild?w_ww.k#s5_u.co*mA.HeneverwatchedTV.w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_omB.Hereadwhathehadto.C.Hefoundreadingunbelievable.D.Heconsideredreadingpartofhislife.2.Theunderlinedword"voice"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“”.A.anideaB.asoundqualityC.awayofwritingD.aworldtowriteabout3.Whateffectdoesreadinghaveontheauthor?w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_omA.Ithelpshimtorealizehisdream.B.Itopensupawiderworldforhim.C.Itmakeshiscollegelifemoreinteresting.D.Itincreaseshisinterestinworldwidetravel.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthistext?w_ww.k#s5_u.co*mA.WhydoIread?B.HowdoIread?-8-\nC.WhatdoIread?D.WhendoIread?A)DCBA*********************************************************结束BKongZicalledConfucius(551-479B.C.).andSocrates(469B.C.)livedonlyahundredyearsapart,andduringtheirlifetimestherewasnocontactbetweenChinaandGreece,butitisinterestingtolookathowtheworldthateachofthesegreatphilosopherscamefromshapedtheirideas,andhowtheseinturn,shapedtheirsocieties.Neitherphilosopherlivedintimesofpeace,thoughthereweremorewarsinGreecethaninChina.TheChinesestateswereverylargeandfeudal,whiletheGreekcity-statesweresmallandurban.TheurbanenvironmentinwhichSocrateslivedallowedhimtobemoreradical(激进的)thanConfucius.UnlikeConfucius,Socrateswasnotaskedbyrulershowtogoverneffectively.ThusSocrateswasabletobemoreidealistic,focusingonissueslikefreedomandknowledgeforitsownsake,ontheotherhand,advisedthoseingovernmentserviceandmanyofhisstudentswentontogovernmentservice.ConfuciussuggestedtheGoldenRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife,“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomehadmorepotentialthanothers,andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下层的)classes.ForSocrates,thefamilywasofnoimportance,andthecommunityoflittleconcern.ForConfucius,however,thefamilywasthecentreofsociety,withfamilyrelationsconsideredmuchmoreimportantthanpoliticalrelations.Bothmenarerespectedmuchmoretodaythantheywereintheirlifetimes.-8-\n5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.SocratesandConfuciushadmuchincommon.B.ConfuciushadmuchinfluenceonSocrates’ideas.C.Thesocietieswereinfluencedbythephilosophers’ideas.D.TherewereculturedexchangesbetweenChinaandGreece.6.SocratessharedwithConfuciustheideathat.A.allmenwereequalwhentheywerebornB.thelowerclassesshouldberuledbytheupperclassC.thepurposeofmanwastoseekfreedomandwisdomD.peopleshouldnotaskotherstodowhattheydidnotwantto7.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?A.FamilyB.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community8.Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof.A.timeandeventsB.comparisonandcontrastC.causeandeffectD.definitionandclassificationA)B)CBCB********************************************************结束CCoolestHotelsintheWorldAriauAmazonTowersTheAriauAmazonTowershotelletsyousleepinatreehouse.Eighttowersmakeupthishotelthatoffersover300rooms.Ifyoureallywanttogetintothespirit,booktheTarzanSuitewhichislargeenoughforabigfamily.You'llbethirtyfeetupintheairandcantravelbetweenthetowersthroughtheirwoodenwalkways.Prices:startingat$300onenightforeachpersonforaregularroomandgoingalltheway-8-\nupto$3000fortheTarzanSuite.Formoreinformation,visitthewebsite:http://Hwww.ariautowers.comTheIceHotelEverywinterinJukkasjarvi,Sweden,aspecialkindofhotelcalledthelceHotelisbuilt.Eachyear,world-famousartistsareinvitedtodesignandproduceworksofartfromtheice,manyofwhichcanbefoundintherooms.You'llhaveyourchoicebetweenhotorcoldroomsbutyouwillbewelladvisedtostayatleastonenightinacoldroomforatrueexperience.Prices:startingat$318onenightforeachpersonforeitheracoldroomorawarmone.Formoreinformation,visitthewebsite:http//www.icehotel.comPropellerIslandPropellerIslandCityLodgeisaveryspecialhotelthatwasdesignedbyaGermanartistEachroomprovidesyouwiththepossibilityoflivinginaworkofart.Everysinglepieceoffurnitureinthethirtyroomsofthehotelhasbeenhand-madeandeachroomiscompletelydifferent.You'llbeabletochoosearoombasedonyourownpersonaltastes.Prices:startingatjust$91anight,andanadditional(另外)personforonly20extradollars.Formoreinformation,visitthewebsite:http://www.propeller-island.comForinformationaboutothercoolhotelsIntheworld,visitthewebsite:http://www.bahamabeachclub.com9.WhatitspecialabouttheAriauAmazonTowershotel?A.Youcansleepintreehouses.B.Youcanchooseanyofthetowers.C.Itisdesignedforbigfamilies.D.Everyroomhasawalkway.10.Fortwopersonsspendinganightinoneofthesehotels,theyhavetopayatleast_______.A$111B.$182C.$600D.$63611.Whichwebsiteshouldyouvisitifyouwanttofindoutwhetherthereexistsa-8-\nhotelunderthesea?A.http://www.icehotel.comB.http：//www.ariantowers.comC.http://www.propeller-island.comD.htlp://www.bahamabeachclub.com12.Whichhotelwouldinviteartiststocometoworkeveryyear?A.PropellerIslandCityLodge.B.ArianAmazonTowers.C.TheIceHotel.D.BahamaBeachClub.A)C)AADC********************************************************结束The1980swascalledthe“MeDecade”becauseformanythistimewasmarkedbyafascinationwiththeself.Theideathateachpersonhasaselfmayseemnatuaraltous,butthisconceptisactuallyquitenew.Theideathateachhumanlifeisuniquedevelopedbetweenthe11thand15thcenturiesinEurope.Beforethattime,individualswereconsideredinrelationtoagroup,andeventoday,manyeasternculturesplacemoreemphasisontheimportanceofacollectiveselfthanonauniqueandindependentself.Botheasternandwesternculturesseetheselfasdividedintoaninner,privateselfandanouter,publicself.Butwheretheydifferisintermsofwhichpartisseenasthe“realyou.”Westernculturetendstopromotetheideaofindividuality—aselfthatisseparatedfromotherselves.Incontrast,manyeasternculturesfocusonaninter-independentselfthatgetsitsdiversityinlargepartfrominter-relationshipwithothers.Forexample,aConfucian(孔子)ideastressestheimportanceof“face”—otherpeople’sviewsoftheselfandmaintainingone’sdesiredstatusintheireyes.Inthepast,someAsianculturesdevelopedclearrulesaboutthespecificclothesandevencolorsthatpeopleincertainsocialclassesandoccupationswereallowedto-8-\ndisplay,andtheseliveontodayinJapanesestylemanuals.Thisstyleofdressisatoddswithsuchwesternpracticesas“casualFridays,”whichencourageemployeestodressinformallyandexpresstheiruniqueselves.57.Whichistrueabouttheselfaccordingtothetext?A.Manyeasternculturesseetheselfconnectedwithothers.B.Thoseborninthe1980saregenerallymostself-centeredthanothers.C.TheconceptthateacpersonhasaselfmayseemstrangetoeasternculturesD.Westernculturesregardtheselfasanouter,publicselfwhileeasternculturesdon’t.58.Whatdoesthe2ndparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Howeasternandwesternculturesseetheself.B.EasternculturescontrastsharplywithwesternculturesC.BotheasternandwesternculturesappreciatetheimportanceofselfD.Easternculturesareasimportantaswesterncultures59.AJapanesedresscodeismentionedinthelastparagraphto_________.A.explaintheimportanceof“face”B.sayhowtraditionaltheJapaneseareC.emphasizetheimportanceofeasternculturesD.showhoweasternculturesseetheselfinrelationtoothers60.Theunderlinedphrase“atoddswith”mostprobablymeans_______.A.inagreementwithB.indisagreementwithC.incomparisonwithD.inneedof参考答案57--60AADB***************************************************结束-8-
