专题15时文热点【美文阅读1】导读：雨后的彩虹色彩斑斓，就好像年少时我们心中那些美好的希望和梦想。从某种意义上来讲，每个人都需要自己的＂彩虹＂来照亮人生之路。WhereMyRainbowHasGone?Whenyouarelittle,thewholeworldfeelslikeabigplayground.IwaslivinginConyers,Georgiathesummeritallhappened.Iwasasecondgrader,butmybestfriendStephaniewasonlyinthefirstgrade.Bothofourparentswereatworkandmostofthetimetheyletusgoourownway.ItwasahotafternoonandwedecidedtohaveanadventureinStephanie’sbasement.①AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.Irandownstairs,andspottedaredsteelcan.Itwaspaint.Ilookedbeyonditandtherelayevenmorepaintinbrightcolorslikepurple,orange,blueandgreen.＂Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.＂ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereontheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbitstripesofcolorsacrossthepavement.Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!Thesunwasstartingtosink.Isawacar②inthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecar③pulledslowlyintothedrivewayandfromthelookonmymother’sface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.④Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,＂Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighbors’trees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!＂Istoodthere⑤glaringbackatherforaminute,angrybecauseshehadinsultedmyart.＂Nowgocleanitup!＂MotherandIbegancleaningtheroad.TearsrandownmycheeksasIsawmybeautifulrainbowturnintoblackcement.Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsort\nofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.我的＂彩虹＂去了哪里？小时候，整个世界就像一个大操场。故事发生的那年夏天，我住在佐治亚州的康耶斯。当时我读二年级，我的好朋友斯蒂芬妮刚上一年级。我们的父母都要工作，因而大多数时间他们都是让我们自己去学校。那是一个炎热的午后，我们决定在斯蒂芬妮家的地下室玩一个冒险的游戏。当我打开地下室的门，出现在我们面前的是一个大大的房间，里面装满了奇妙的东西，诸如枪、娃娃和旧衣服等。我跑下楼梯，看到一个红色的金属罐，罐子里面是涂料。我顺着它望过去，那儿还有很多亮色的涂料，像紫色、橙色、蓝色和绿色等。＂斯蒂芬妮，今天我们有事可做了！拿些刷子来！我们开始粉刷吧！＂听着我的秘密计划，她兴奋地尖叫着，我们马上开工了。我们把所有能找到的刷子都拿出来，然后把涂料搬到我家的院子里。在我家房前的马路上，我们开始画彩色的斑马线。一条又一条，那些色彩汇成了一道美丽的＂彩虹＂。真是太棒了！夕阳西沉，我看到有一辆汽车从远处驶来。认出那是我妈妈的车后，我一跃而起。我迫不及待地想向妈妈展示我的杰作。汽车慢慢进入了车道，看到妈妈的脸色，我知道自己要有大麻烦了。妈妈关好车门，向我走来。她怒视着我，喊道：＂你究竟在想些什么？你用树叶做城堡，你爬邻居家的树，这些我都理解。但是今天，你又在家里瞎折腾！＂我站起来，愤怒地回视着她，因为她侮辱了我的作品。＂现在把这里弄干净！＂妈妈和我开始清洗马路。眼看着美丽的＂彩虹＂变成了黑黢黢的水泥地，眼泪顺着我的脸颊流淌下来。尽管这件事过去很多年了，我依然想知道我的＂彩虹＂去了哪里。我想知道，如果我再长大些，我是否可以找到它，再也不必把它擦去？我想我们都时常需要某种意义上的＂彩虹＂来照亮我们的人生，让我们的希望和梦想丰富多彩。重点单词:1.pavement['peɪvm(ə)nt]n.人行道2.stripe[straɪp]n.条纹3.masterpiece['mɑːstəpiːs]n.杰作4.insult[ɪn'sʌlt]vt.侮辱5.cement[sɪ'ment]n.水泥重点短语/亮点句式：1.AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.\n当我打开地下室的门，出现在我们面前的是一个大大的房间，里面装满了奇妙的东西，诸如枪、娃娃和旧衣服等。这是一个主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句，其后的主句由于表示方位的介词短语位于句首，使用了倒装语序。如：Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.从山谷传来吓人的声音。Southofthecityliesachemicalfactory.城南有一家化工厂。2.inthedistance在远处。如：Thesoundofthecardiedawayinthedistance.小轿车发出的噪音消逝在远处。3.pullinto（车）进站。如：OurtrainpulledintoBeijingStationontime.我们的火车准点开进北京车站。4.Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,＂…＂她怒视着我，喊道：＂……＂本句使用了现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。hereyes和glare之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Hesatinfrontofthem,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.他坐在他们面前，满是灰尘的脸掩盖了他的真实年龄。5.glareat怒视。如：Don'tglareatyourteacherlikethat.Youdeservedthescolding.别那么瞪眼望着老师，你该被骂的。名句背诵：Progressistheactivityoftodayandtheassuranceoftomorrow.（RalphWaldoEmerson,Americanthinker）进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。（美国思想家拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生）\n英语时文阅读是学习者针对英美新闻、报刊及杂志等时事素材而开展的阅读活动。近年来,高考阅读理解素材多取材于外国时文,英语时文阅读的重要性不断凸显。英语时文阅读，可以让学生接触地道的英语，使学生广泛了解西方国家的风俗习惯、日常生活、人际交往等情况,为学生英语综合素质的提升奠定坚实的基础。所以，高中英语学习必须要重视英语时文阅读教学的重要性,并通过时文阅读教学扩大学生的词汇量，提高文化素养。【话题词汇】1.经济的快速发展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople'slivingstandard3.先进的科学技术advancedscienceandtechnology4.面临新的机遇和挑战befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges5.人们普遍认为Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat…6.社会发展的必然结果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment7.引起了广泛的公众关注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention8.不可否认Itisundeniablethat…/Thereisnodenyingthat…9.热烈的讨论/争论aheateddiscussion/debate10.有争议性的问题acontroversialissue11.完全不同的观点atotallydifferentargument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Somepeople…whileothers…13.就我而言/就个人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally14.就…达到绝对的一致reachanabsoluteconsensuson…15.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons16.双方的论点argumentonbothsides17.发挥着日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein…18.对…必不可少beindispensableto…19.正如谚语所说Astheproverbgoes:20.…也不例外…benoexception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/negativeeffectson…22.利远远大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.23.导致，引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin\n24.复杂的社会现象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon25.责任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement26.竞争与合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation27.开阔眼界widenone'shorizon/broadenone'svision28.学习知识和技能acquireknowledgeandskills29.经济/心理负担financialburden/psychologicalburden30.考虑到诸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration31.从另一个角度fromanotherperspective32.做出共同努力makejointefforts33.对…有益bebeneficial/conduciveto…34.为社会做贡献makecontributionstothe35.打下坚实的基础layasolidfoundationfor…36.综合素质comprehensivequality37.无可非议blameless/beyondreproach39.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto…40.应当承认Admittedly41.不可推卸的义务unshakableduty42.满足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof…43.可靠的信息源areliablesourceofinformation44.宝贵的自然资源valuablenaturalresources45.因特网theInternet（一定要由冠词，字母I大写）46.方便快捷convenientandefficient47.在人类生活的方方面面inallaspectsofhumanlife48.环保（的）environmentalprotection/environmentallyfriendly49.社会进步的体现asymbolofsocietyprogress50.科技的飞速更新theever-acceleratedupdatingofscienceandtechnology51.对这一问题持有不同态度holddifferentattitudestowardsthisissue52.支持前/后种观点的人people/thoseinfavoroftheformer/latteropinion53.有/提供如下理由/证据have/providethefollowingreasons/evidence54.在一定程度上tosomeextent/degree/insomeway\n55.理论和实践相结合integratetheorywithpractice56.…必然趋势anirresistibletrendof…57.日益激烈的社会竞争theincreasinglyfiercesocialcompetition58.眼前利益immediateinterest/short-terminterest59.长远利益interestinthelongrun60.…有其自身的优缺点…hasitsmeritsanddemerits/advantagesanddisadvantages61.扬长避短Exploittothefullone’sfavorableconditionsandavoidunfavorableones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Taketheessenceanddiscardthedregs.63.对…有害doharmto/beharmfulto/bedetrimentalto64.交流思想/情感/信息exchangeideas/emotions/information65.跟上…的最新发展keeppacewith/catchupwith/keepabreastwiththelatestdevelopmentof…66.采取有效措施来…takeeffectivemeasurestodosth.67.…的健康发展thehealthydevelopmentof…68.有利有弊Everycoinhasitstwosides.Nogardenwithoutweeds.69.对…观点因人而异Viewson…varyfrompersontoperson.70.重视attachgreatimportanceto…71.社会地位socialstatus72.把时间和精力放在…上focustimeandenergyon…73.扩大知识面expandone’sscopeofknowledge74.身心两方面bothphysicallyandmentally75.有直接/间接关系bedirectly/indirectlyrelatedto…76.提出折中提议setforthacompromiseproposal77.可以取代“think”的词believe,claim,maintain,argue,insist,holdtheopinion/beliefthatI.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseries\nonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院).Itseemsinhumantocaremoreaboutabuildingthanaboutpeople.ThatthesightofNotreDamegoingupinflameshasattractedsomuchmoreattentionthanfloodsinsouthernAfricawhichkilledover1,000arousesunderstandablefeelingsofguilt.Yetthewidespread,intensegriefatthesightofthecathedral’scollapsingsteeple(尖塔)isinfactprofoundlyhuman—andinaparticularly21st-centuryway.Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.Abuildingonwhosesunnystepsyouhaverested,infrontofwhichyouhavetakenaselfiewithyourlovedone,becomesawarmpartofyourmemoriesandthusofyourself.Thisvisualagehasgivenbeautynewpower,andsocialmediahaveturnedgreatworksofartintosuperstars.Onlyafew,though,haveachievedthisstatus.Justasthereisonlyeverahandfulofworld-famousactors,sothepantheon(万神殿)ofgloballyrecognizableculturalsymbolsistiny:theMonaLisa,Michelangelo’sDavid,theTajMahal,theGreatPyramid—andNotreDame.Disaster,too,isvisual.Inthe24hoursafterthefirestarted,videosonsocialmediaoftheburningcathedralwereviewednearlyaquarterofabilliontimes.Yettheemotionsthesightarousedwerelessaboutthebuildingitselfthanaboutwhatlosingitmightmean.NotreDameisanexpressionofhumanityatitscollectivebest.Nobodycouldlookupintothatarched(拱形的)ceilingwithoutwonderingatthecollectivegeniusofthethousandsofunknowncraftsmenwho,overacenturyandahalf,realizedavisionsograndinitsstructuralambitionandsodelicateinitshand-madedetail.Itssurvivalthrough850yearsofpoliticalunrest—throughwar,revolutionandNazioccupation—bindsthepresenttothepast.1.TheBBCseriesinthefirstparagraphismentionedtoshow________.A.NotreDameisatypicalexampleofcivilizationB.civilizationissupposedtobedefinedinabstracttermsC.civilizationwasfoundedinthepastandlastsfordecadesD.it’scrueltocaremoreaboutbuildingsthanaboutpeople2.NotreDamefirehasarousedworldwideconcernsbecause________.\nA.thedisastercoincidedwiththefloodsinsouthernAfricaB.peoplehaslostahistoricallandmarktotakeaselfieandrestC.France’seconomicprosperityhasmadeitamust-seeplaceforvisitorsD.culturalglobalizationhasbredacommonsenseofculturalidentity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.People’ssadnessatthemisfortunemainlyliesinthebuildingitself.B.Peoplewonderedwhocontributedtosuchanartisticachievement.C.NotreDameisawitnesstoNaziinvasionandFrenchrevolution.D.Fortunatelyweareblessedwithcountlesssplendidworksofart.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NotreDame:TheArchitecturalTreasureB.NotreDame:TheHumanisticExpressionC.NotreDame:AVictimToNaturalDisasterD.NotreDame:AMust-beTouristAttraction【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼，那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。1.推理判断题。由第一段“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseriesonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)”可知，文明是什么?”50年前，肯尼斯•克拉克在BBC\n“文明”主题开创性系列节目中问道。“我不知道，我还不能用抽象的术语来定义它。但我想当我看到它的时候我能认出它，现在我正在看它。”他转过身来，指向身后高耸的哥特式塔楼和高耸的圣母院。所以从肯尼斯•克拉克的所说的话中，可以判断出第一段中提到BBC“文明”主题开创性系列节目是为了显示圣母院是文明的典型例子。故A选项正确。2.细节理解题。由第三段“Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.”可知，如今，不仅经济全球化，文化也走向全球化。人们漫游世界，不仅仅为了寻求工作和安全，也为寻找美好和历史。而熟悉感会让喜爱蔓延。所以圣母院的火灾引起了全世界的关注，因为文化全球化孕育了一种共同的文化认同感。故D选项正确。3.细节理解题。由最后段“Itssurvivalthrough850yearsofpoliticalunrest—throughwar,revolutionandNazioccupation—bindsthepresenttothepast”可知，巴黎圣母院在850年的政治动荡中幸存下来，经历了战争、革命和纳粹占领，将现在和历史连接起来。所以通过关键词“survivalthrough，revolutionandNazioccupation”可以判断出，圣母院见证了纳粹入侵和法国大革命。故C选项正确。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼。那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。所以短文围绕着“巴黎圣母院：人文主义的表达”符合文意。故B选项正确。2Highspeeds,coollooks,andunusualnamesarewhatatypicalAmericanlooksforwhenbuyingacar.Thisisawastefulmethodbecausethecarswebuydon’tfitourlifestylesofthriftiness（节俭）.Butwefeelpowerfulwhenwedrivehugecars,sothat’swhywebuythem.Morepeopleshoulddrivehybrids,whicharepoweredbyagasenginebutalsokeepsachargeinabankofbatteries.Asaresult,theyburnlessgasandsavemoreenergy.Youmaycomplain,“Theyarenotcool.”Butwhatareyougoingtosaywhenyourplanetgetssofouledup（弄乱）thatyouneedagasmaskjusttogooutside?Well,that’swhat’sgoingtohappenifwedon’tactsoon.Hybridsmaycostmore,buttheywillendupsavingourlifeoneday.Gasolinecarsareinefficientonesthatchewupcash.Thebestonesgetonlyaround40milespergallon.Weneedtochangeourhabitsorwearegoingtorunoutoffossilfuel,andthennocarswillbetravelingdownthestreet.Gasolinecarsalsopollutetheairandcreatebreathingproblems.Someproblemswewillhaveinthefutureifwecontinueusinggasolinecarsarehighlevels\nofairpollutionandgroundwatertoxicity.Wewillalsouseupoursupplyoffossilfuels.Wemaycausealargeincreaseinthespeedofglobalwarming,whichwillresultinariseintemperatureandinturnbakeourplanetandallitslivingthings.Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.Hybridsfulfillthis.Ifenoughpeopleusedthem,wewouldn’tbeasworriedaboutglobalwarming.Weareatapointwherewecanonlydoonething:reducetheamountoffossilfuelsweuse.Ifwedon’t,wemayspellourowndoomandendupcreatingnaturaldisastersthatwecannotcontrol.5.Accordingtothepassage,hybrids______.A.maketheairsmellbadB.pollutethegroundwaterC.increasethespeedofglobalwarmingD.aremorecostly6.Theunderlinedword“doom”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“______”.A.abadfortuneB.astrongwishC.ahappymomentD.anormalneed7.Intheauthor’sopinion,weshouldbuyacarwhich______.A.runsfasterB.looksbeautifulC.isenvironmentallyfriendlyD.costsafortune8.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.A.introducewhatkindofcaruseslessgasB.givepeopleadviceonhowtobuyacoolcarC.remindpeopleofsomeproblemstheywillhaveinthefutureD.expectpeopletoconsidertheenvironmentalproblemswhenbuyingacar【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考虑到环保问题我们应该驾驶混合动力汽车。5.\n细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hybridsmaycostmore,buttheywillendupsavingourlifeoneday.”（混合动力车的价格可能更高，但终有一天它们会拯救我们的生命。）可知，混合动力汽车花费更多的钱。故选D。6.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“Ifwedon’t,wemayspellourowndoomandendupcreatingnaturaldisastersthatwecannotcontrol.”（如果我们不这样做，我们可能会招致自己的厄运，最终造成我们无法控制的自然灾害。）可知，doom意为“厄运”。故选A。7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.”（买汽车不应该看外表，而是因为它们运行良好，有助于保护环境。）可推知，作者认为我们应该买环保的车。故选C。8.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.Hybridsfulfillthis.Ifenoughpeopleusedthem,wewouldn’tbeasworriedaboutglobalwarming.”（买汽车不应该看外表，而是因为它们运行良好，有助于保护环境。混合动力汽车实现这一点。如果有足够多的人使用它们，我们就不会那么担心全球变暖了。）可推知，作者的写作目的是希望人们在购买汽车时考虑环境问题。故选D。3ElizabethfrywasthedaughterofanEnglishbanker.Whenshewasayoungbrideandmother,shegavemedicineandclothestothehomelessandhelpedestablishthesistersofDevonshiresquare,anursingschool.In1813,atage33,herattentionturnedtothefemaleprisonersinLondon’sNewgateprison.Shebegantovisittheprisonalmostdaily,andwhatshefoundtherehorrifiedher.Intheearly1800s,Englishprisonswerepitsofcrueltyandviolence.AtNewgate,womenawaitingtrialforstealingappleswereputintothesameprisonaswomenwhohadbeenconvicted(宣判)ofmurder.Womenate,defecated,andsleptinthesamecell.Ifaprisonerhadchildren,theyaccompaniedhertoprisonandlivedinthesameinhumaneconditions.Forthosewithouthelpfromfamily,friends,orcharities,theoptionsweretobegandtostealfood,ortostarvetodeath.Prisonofficialswarnedfryoftherisksshewastakinginvisitingprisons(exposureto\nviolenceanddisease),butshewavedthewarningsaside.Besidescomfortingwomen,shetaughtthembasichygieneandtosewandquiltsotheymightearnalivingwhentheywerereleased.Sheintervened(介入)forwomenondeathrow,andifherpleaswereunsuccessful,shecomfortedthemintheirlastmoments.Toexpandherefforts,in1816shefoundedtheassociationfortheimprovementofthefemaleprisonersofNewgate“toprovidefortheclothing,instruction,andemploymentofthewomen,andtoforminthem,asmuchaspossible,thosehabitsoforderandindustry,whichmaymakethempeaceablewhileinprison,andrespectablewhentheyleaveit.”Specificreformsshecampaignedforincluded:separationofmenandwomenprisoners,paidworkforprisoners,womenguardsforwomenprisoners,andthehousingofcriminalsbasedontheircrimes.9.Englishprisonsintheearly1800scouldbedescribedas__________.A.inhumaneandhorrifyingB.cruelandorderlyC.violentandjustD.efficientandpeaceable10.Elizabethfrytaughtfemaleprisonerssomelivingskills__________.A.towintheirrespectB.tohelpthemkilltimeinprisonC.tohelpthemmakealivinginprisonD.tolivearespectablelifewhentheywerereleased11.WhatwouldbethepossibleinfluenceofthereformsElizabethfrycampaignedfor?A.Womenprisonerswouldgetapayrise.B.Womenprisonerswouldbewellattendedbywomenguards.C.Thehumanrightsofwomenprisonerswouldbebetterrespected.D.Thehousingofthethieveswouldbemuchbetterthanthemurders’.【答案】9.A10.D11.C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作为一位英国银行家的女儿ElizabethFry平时爱帮助无家可归的人。在19世纪初期她倡导了监狱改革，维护女囚犯的权利，让她们的人权得到更好的尊重。9.\n细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Intheearly1800s,Englishprisonswerepitsofcrueltyandviolence.(在19世纪早期，英国的监狱是残忍和暴力的场所)”可知，在19世纪早期英国监狱可以形容为不人道的和恐怖的。故选A项。10.推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“Toexpandherefforts,in1816shefoundedtheassociationfortheimprovementofthefemaleprisonersofNewgate“toprovidefortheclothing,instruction,andemploymentofthewomen,andtoforminthem,asmuchaspossible,thosehabitsoforderandindustry,whichmaymakethempeaceablewhileinprison,andrespectablewhentheyleaveit.”(为了扩大自己的努力，在1816年，她成立了纽盖特女囚犯改良协会，“为女囚犯提供服装、教育和就业，并尽可能地培养她们的秩序和勤奋习惯，使她们在狱中和平相处，在出狱时受到尊敬。”)”可知，作者成立协会的目的就是让这些囚犯们改邪归正，并且有一技之长，这样当他们被释放后过上体面的生活。故选D项。11.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Specificreformsshecampaignedforincluded:separationofmenandwomenprisoners,paidworkforprisoners,womenguardsforwomenprisoners,andthehousingofcriminalsbasedontheircrimes.(她所倡导的具体改革包括：男女囚犯的隔离，囚犯的有偿工作，女狱警为女囚犯提供服务，以及根据罪犯的罪行为他们提供住房)”可知，作者倡导的这些改革内容都是站在囚犯人权的角度，都是为了囚犯的人权能得到更好的尊重。故选C项。4LightpollutionisblockingastarryviewofthenightskyformorethanhalfofpeopleacrossEngland,aresearchhasfound.Fifty-sevenpercentofstargazersstruggledtoseemorethan10stars,whilejust2%ofparticipantssaidtheyexperiencedatrulydarkskymakingthembeabletocountmorethan30,accordingtotheresearchbytheCampaigntoProtectRuralEngland(CPRE).PeopleinthecountrysidewereencouragedtocounthowmanystarstheycouldseewitheyeswithintheconstellationofOrion,whichisvisibleonlyinthewintermonths.Campaignerssaidtheresultsofthestarcount,supportedbytheBritishAstronomicalAssociation,showedtheproblemoflightpollutionandhowitaffectedoneofthecountryside'smostmagicalsights-adark,starrynightsky.TheysaidtheresultsoftheresearchtomapEngland'snightskiessuggestedmorecouldbedonebythegovernment,localcouncilsandthegeneralpublictoreducethenegativeeffectsofartificiallightfromstreetsandbuildings.\nEmmaMarrington,darkskiescampaignerattheCPRE,said"We'rehugelygratefultothepeoplewhotookthetimetogetoutandtakepartinourstarcount.Butit'sdeeplydisappointingthatthevastmajoritywereunabletoexperiencethenaturalwonderofatrulydarkskyblanketedwithstars."Withoutanyaction,ournightskywillcontinuetobelostunderacoveringofartificiallight,ruiningthehealthofthenaturalworld.Sheadded:"Thestarcountresultsshowjusthowfar-reachingthelightfromstreetlightsandbuildingscanbeseen.Lightdoesn'trespectboundaries,andcarelessusecanseeitspreadfor,milesfromcities.”Shesuggestedbetter-designedlighting,streetlightdimmingsystemsandpart-nightlightingwheresomestreetlightsareturnedoffduringthesmallhoursshouldprovidean,opportunitytolimitthedamagecausedbylightpollution,reducecarbonemissionsandsavemoney.12.Whatcausesthelightpollutionaccordingtothetext?A.Moreandmorebuildings.B.Lessandlessoutdooractivities.C.Theoveruseofartificiallight.D.Thespreadoflightinthecountryside.13.HowdoesEmmafeelaboutthestargazers'efforts?A.Disappointed.B.Surprised.C.Regretful.D.Appreciative.14.WhatisEmma'ssuggestionfordealingwiththelightpollution?A.Usingstreetlightswisely.B.Turningofflightsatnight.C.Spreadinglightfurther.D.Changingthestreets'design.【答案】12.C13.D14.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文是一篇关于光污染的文章，一项研究发现，光污染阻碍了英国一半以上的人观赏星空。介绍了光污染是如何产生的,它的危害，以及减轻光污染的一些措施。12.细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheysaidtheresultsoftheresearchtomapEngland'snightskiessuggestedmorecouldbedonebythegovernment,localcouncilsandthegeneralpublictoreducethenegativeeffectsofartificiallightfromstreetsandbuildings.\n(他们说，绘制英格兰夜空图的研究结果表明，政府、地方议会和公众可以采取更多措施来减少来自街道和建筑物的人造光的负面影响)”以及第四段中“Withoutanyaction,ournightskywillcontinuetobelostunderacoveringofartificiallight,ruiningthehealthofthenaturalworld.(如果不采取任何行动，我们的夜空将继续在人造光的覆盖下消失，破坏自然界的健康)”可知，导致光污染的是人造光的过度使用。故选C。13.推理判断题。根据第四段中“We’rehugelygratefultothepeoplewhotookthetimetogetoutandtakepartinourstarcount.(我们非常感谢那些花时间参加我们的星空计数活动的人)”可知，Emma对观星者的努力是感激的。故选D。14.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Shesuggestedbetter-designedlighting,streetlightdimmingsystemsandpart-nightlightingwheresomestreetlightsareturnedoffduringthesmallhoursshouldprovideanopportunitytolimitthedamagecausedbylightpollution,reducecarbonemissionsandsavemoney.(她建议，设计更好的照明系统、路灯调暗系统以及在凌晨关闭部分路灯的部分夜间照明，应该能够减少光污染造成的损害、减少碳排放并省钱)”可知，Emma对处理光污染的建议是“明智地使用路灯。”故选A。5Onsocialmedia,youmaysee"BMgirls",whowearsmallskirts,tinyT-shirtsandskinnyjeans.ThegroupisnamedaftertheItalianfashionbrandBrandyMelville.Itsaysitsclothesare“onesizefitsall”.However,mostclothesthebrandprovidesforgirlsareinsmallsizes,accordingtoBritishnewspaperTheSun.Thebrand’sideaof“onesizefitsall"hasmademanygirlsfeeluncomfortable."Forme,theproblemwasnotthefactthatIcouldn'tpurchaseyourclothes.TherootofmyfrustrationisinthehumiliationIfeltwhenIrealizedthat...Ijustwasn'tgoodenoughfortheMelvillebrand,"younggirlAndyEsmondwroteonthewebsiteOdyssey."Igotthemessageloudandclear:Ifyoudon'thaveanidealbodytype,wewouldratheryounotwearourclothing."Esmondisoneofmanygirlsaroundtheworldwhoaredissatisfiedwiththeirbodyshapes.Accordingtoa2018surveyconductedbyYouthSelectCommitteeintheUK,8in10teenagegirlsintheUKwanttochangetheirweightorbodyshape.TnChina,morethanhalfofteenagerswanttoloseweighttomakethemselveslookbetter,accordingtoa2018surveybySouthernWeekly.ButfashiontrendsliketheBrandyMelvilleclothinglinedonothingtoeasetheanxietyof\nnegativebodyimage.Instead,theyfeeditfurther,notedCoppellStudentMedia.Inordertoachievesuchan"ideal”image,somegirlsdevelopeatingdisorders.Evenworse,thistrendmayleadtolowself-esteem,depressionandhopelessness.“Theidealizationofthinnesscanbeakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandpreventingrecovery,andfashionretailersshouldrespectdiversityinpeople'snaturalbodyshapesandsizes,“Beat,theUK'sleadingeatingdisordercharity,toldFabulousDigital.Afterall,beautydoesn'tcomeinabox,orinoneform.Justrecognizethatwearealldifferentandthatissomethingtobecelebrated.Infact,acceptingyourtrueselfcandisplayanaturalbeautythatcannotbeignored.15.Whatcanweknowaboutthegroup"BMgirls"?A.TheyareanAmericanfashionbrand.B.TheyonlybuyBrandyMelvilleclothes.C.Theylovetowearsmall-sizedclothes.D.Theyalwayssharewhattheywearonline.16.WhyaremanygirlsdissatisfiedwiththebrandBrandyMelville?A.Becauseitofferslimitedsizesinclothing.B.Becauseitproducestooexpensiveclothesforthem.C.Becauseitprovidesallcustomersmiddle-sizedclothes.D.Becauseithaspoorcustomerservice.17.Howdofashiontrendslikeone-size-fits-allinfluenceconsumers?A.Theyhelppeopletoimprovetheirbodyimage.B.Theysetnewstandardsforclothingproduction.C.Theyencouragepeopletoaccepttheirbodyimage.D.Theycausesomegirlstodevelopunhealthybodyimages.18.WhatshouldfashionretailersdoaccordingtoBeat?A.Promotetheideaofwearingcomfortableclothes.B.Helpcustomersrecoverfromtheirillnesses.C.Valuedifferencesinbodyshapesandsizes.D.Encouragecustomerstoweardifferentclothes.【答案】15.C16.A\n17.D18.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今类似BrandyMelville这样的时尚品牌以“一码通吃”为理念，导致了一些女孩追求不健康的身体形象，说明了这种趋势的危害以及人们对此的看法。15.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Onsocialmedia,youmaysee‘BMgirls’,whowearsmallskirts,tinyT-shirtsandskinnyjeans.ThegroupisnamedaftertheItalianfashionbrandBrandyMelville.(在社交媒体上，你可能会看到‘BM女孩’，她们穿着小短裙、小t恤和紧身牛仔裤。该集团是以意大利时尚品牌BrandyMelville命名的)”以及第二段中“However,mostclothesthebrandprovidesforgirlsareinsmallsizes,accordingtoBritishnewspaperTheSun.(然而，据英国《太阳报》报道，该品牌为女孩提供的大部分衣服都是小号的)”可知，“BM女孩”喜欢穿小号的衣服。故选C。16.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thebrand’sideaof‘onesizefitsall’hasmademanygirlsfeeluncomfortable.(该品牌的‘一码通吃’的理念让很多女孩感到不满)”可知，许多女孩对BrandyMelville这个牌子不满意，因为它的衣服尺码有限。故选A。17.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ButfashiontrendsliketheBrandyMelvilleclothinglinedonothingtoeasetheanxietyofnegativebodyimage.Instead,theyfeeditfurther,notedCoppellStudentMedia.Inordertoachievesuchan‘ideal’image,somegirlsdevelopeatingdisorders.Evenworse,thistrendmayleadtolowself-esteem,depressionandhopelessness.(但是像BrandyMelville服装系列这样的时尚趋势并不能缓解人们对身体负面形象的焦虑。科佩尔学生媒体指出，相反，他们会进一步加剧这种焦虑。为了达到这样的‘理想’形象，一些女孩患上了饮食失调。更糟糕的是，这种趋势可能会导致低自尊、抑郁和绝望)”可知，“一码通吃”的时尚趋势导致一些女孩不健康的身体形象认识。故选D。18.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theidealizationofthinnesscanbeakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandpreventingrecovery,andfashionretailersshouldrespectdiversityinpeople'snaturalbodyshapesandsizes(对苗条的理想化可能是导致疾病恶化和阻碍康复的一个关键因素，时尚零售商应该尊重人们自然体型和尺寸的多样性)”可知，时尚零售商应该重视身材和体型大小的差异。故选C。\n6Itwasabout10:15p.m.JaniceEspositogotoffthetrainattheBellport,NewYork,gotintohercarandbegandrivinghome.Shehadtraveledtheroutesomanytimesthatshealmostdroveautomatically:aleftontoStationRoad,thenaleftonMontaukHighway,andthen—bang!OutofnowhereacarcrashedintoEsposito’scar,pushingherbackwardsome100feetontotherailroadtracks.Injuredbutmostlyshockedbythecrashandbytheairbagsthatpoppedup,shegotstuckinthevehicle.Asithappened,PeteDiPintowasgettingreadyforbedwhenheheardthecrashcomingfromnotfaroutsidehisbedroomwindow.Avolunteerfirefighterandretiredteacher,DiPinto,64,neverstoppedtothink.Hegrabbedaflashlightandrushedout.“AnyfirefighterwouldhavedonewhatIdid,”hesaid.“We’realwaysonduty.”Thefirstcarhecameupon,2,000feetfromhisfrontyard,wastheonethathadhitEsposito.OncemakingsurethedriverwasOK,helookedaroundandspottedEsposito'scarstraddling(骑跨)therailroadtracks.Andthenheheardabellsound,whichsignaledacomingtrain.DiPintorushedtoEsposito’scarandhitonthedriver’ssidewindow.Shejustlookedathim,“Idon’tknowwhereIam,”shesaid.“You’reontherailroadtracks,”DiPintoyelled.“Wehavetogetyouoffrightnow!”Thetrainwastravelingataspeedof65milesperhourtowardthem.Thedriver’sdoorcouldn’tbeopenedduetothecrash,soDiPintorantothepassengerside.Hethrewopenthedoor,pushedasidetheairbags,seizedEsposito’sarms,andpulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilhefinallygotheroutandwalkedhertosafetyasquicklyashecould.Withinseconds,thetraincrashedintothecar.“ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie,”DiPintotoldreportersthenextday.“Lastnight,”saidGregMiglinoChiefoftheSouthCountryAmbulance,“theheroarrivedinpajamas,notinafiretruck.”19.Whatcanweknowabouttheaccidentfromthefirstparagraph?A.Espositowasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.B.Espositowasdrivingtoofast.C.Thecrashwasviolent.D.Itshouldhavebeenavoided.20.Whywasthesituationsodangerous?\nA.Espositowasbadlyinjured.B.Espositowastobehitbythetrain.C.Espositowasfirmlystuckinthecar.D.Thedriver’sdoorcouldn’tbeopened.21.WhatdoesGregMiglinoreallymean?A.HeispraisingDiPinto’sheroicaction.B.DiPintodidn’tactasprofessionally.C.Afirefightershouldbereadyanytime.D.Firetrucksarenotenoughforemergencies.22.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Awomanhadanaccidentonthewayhomeatnight.B.Awomanhadanarrowdeathescape.C.Afirefightermanagedtobecomeaheroovernight.D.Afirefightersavedawomanfromafurtheraccident.【答案】19.C20.B21.A22.D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JaniceEsposito在回家的路上出了车祸，被卡在火车铁轨上，幸亏住在附近的志愿消防员DiPinto听到车祸的撞击声后，来不及换衣服就穿着睡衣赶到了现场，并且在火车撞到Esposito之前，救下了她。事后，南方救护车的负责人GregMiglino形容DiPinto是穿着睡衣的英雄。19.细节理解题。根据第一段中“OutofnowhereacarcrashedintoEsposito’scar,pushingherbackwardsome100feetontotherailroadtracks.Injuredbutmostlyshockedbythecrashandbytheairbagsthatpoppedup,shegotstuckinthevehicle.(突然一辆车撞上了Esposito的车，把她向后推了100英尺，倒在铁轨上。她受伤了，但主要是被碰撞和弹出的安全气囊震惊了，她被卡在了车里)”可知，车祸很惨烈。故选C。20.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Andthenheheardabellsound,whichsignaledacomingtrain.(这时，他听到了一声火车钟声，表明火车来了)”以及倒数第三段中“Thetrainwastravelingataspeedof65milesperhourtowardthem.(火车正以每小时65英里的速度向他们驶来)”可知，Esposito快被火车撞了使得情况万分危急。故选B。\n21.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Withinseconds,thetraincrashedintothecar.(几秒钟后，火车就撞上了那辆汽车)”以及最后一段中“theheroarrivedinpajamas,notinafiretruck.(英雄是穿着睡衣来的，而不是坐在消防车里)”结合上文讲述了穿着睡衣就赶到车祸现场的DiPinto，在火车撞到Esposito之前，救了Esposito，因此是穿着睡衣的英雄。即GregMiglino真正的意思是在赞扬DiPinto的英雄行为。故选A。22.主旨大意题。根据主要讲述了JaniceEsposito在回家的路上出了车祸，被卡在火车铁轨上，幸亏住在附近的志愿消防员DiPinto听到车祸的撞击声后，来不及换衣服就穿着睡衣赶到了现场，并且在火车撞到Esposito之前，救下了她。事后，南方救护车的负责人GregMiglino形容DiPinto是穿着睡衣的英雄。可知，D选项“一名消防员从一起车祸衍生意外中救出一名女子”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
