专题03自然与环境【美文阅读】TogiveornotWhenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeggars.Certainly,mostoftheworld’sgreatreligionsorderustobeopen-heartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?Maybewhatwasmorallyrightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil.Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone’ssenseofprideandself-dependence.Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakewaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.给还是不给当一个脏兮兮、衣衫褴褛的人跪在你脚下，伸出双手乞求几枚硬币时，你是匆匆忙忙忙地不知如何是好，还是伤心地匆匆递上一些钱？我们对乞丐应该持什么态度？毫无疑问，这个世界充满了可怕的悲伤故事。不知道下一顿饭从哪里来一定很可怕。不给乞丐钱似乎很残忍。\n当然，世界上大多数伟大的宗教都要求我们敞开心扉，与那些不如我们自己幸运的人分享我们所拥有的，但是世界改变了吗？也许在过去，当一个人确切地知道村里谁遭受了不幸并需要帮助时，道德上正确的做法不再是最好的主意。不少人不肯给乞丐，让我们看看他们的论点。首先，有人认为许多城市乞丐故意打扮成可怜的样子以乞讨为生。给予乞丐只会鼓励这种行为邪恶。其次有人担心你给的钱会花在啤酒、酒或毒品上。第三，有人认为乞讨没有真正的借口。一个人可能很穷，但这并不是丧失自豪感和自立感的理由。与此相关的是，这个问题应该由政府而不是普通人来解决，一些人认为乞丐应该去当地政府部门接受帮助。很难得出最后的结论，有各种各样的情况，我们必须区别对待。在某些情况下，几枚硬币可以拯救一条命，即使浪费了金钱，也不能取代给予者的道德良善。注解：1.religion[riˈlidʒən]n.宗教，宗教信仰2.morally['mɔ:rəli]adv.道德上地，道义上地3.misfortune[misˈfɔ:tʃən]n.不幸，厄运，逆境；不幸事故，灾难4.pitiable[ˈpitiəbl]a.引人怜悯的，可怜的5.evil[ˈi:vəl]a.邪恶的，坏的n.邪恶，罪恶，祸害语法点拨：Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?分析：句中poorlydressed为过去分词作定语，修饰person，相当于apersonwhoispoorlydressed.notknowingwhattodo为现在分词否定式作伴随状语。体会下列现在分词作状语的用法：1)"Can'tyouread?"Marysaidangrily，pointingtothenotice.（伴随）“难道你不识字吗？”玛丽指着通知愤怒地说。2)Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.（原因）读过信后，她变得很兴奋。3)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.(原因)不知道她的地址，我们无法与她取得联系。4)Hisparentswerekilledintheaccident,leavinghimanorphan.（结果）他的父母在事故中遇难，他成了孤儿。5)Whencrossingtheroad,pleasebecareful.（时间）\n过马路时千万小心。6)Workinghard,you’llgetagoodachievement.（条件）努力学习你就能取得好成绩。7)Workingsohard,hefailedagain.（让步）尽管他如此努力还是失败了【话题阅读】导读：中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食的危险之中。赶快行动起来保护他们吧！Pandasfacebambooshortagethreat①Alreadythreatenedbyaslowbreedingrateandrapidhabitatloss,China'sendangeredgiantpandasnowalsorisklosingtheirmainfood,bamboo,toclimatechange,claimscientists.AstudyinChina'snorthwesternQinlingMountains,hometoaround270pandas—aboutafifthoftheworld'swildpopulation—predictsabigbamboodeclinethiscenturyastheglobewarms."Thepandasmayfaceashortageoffoodunlesstheycanfindalternativefoodresources;thegiantpandaisapickyeater."Ninety-ninepercentofitsdiet②consistsofbamboo—beingdestroyed③upto38kilogramsperday.Bambooitselfalsohasaslowreproductiverate,floweringonlyevery30to35years,whichmeansitwouldbeslowtoadapttoachangeinlocalclimate.Basedonthedatagatheredforthisstudy,researcherspredictthatthreebamboospecieswhich④makeupalmosttheentiredietoftheQinlingpandaswillallbutdisappearinawarmerclimate."Resultssuggestthatalmosttheentirepandahabitatintheregionmaydisappearbecauseofclimatechange⑤bytheendofthe21stcentury,"thestudy'sauthorswrite.Already,deforestationisthreateningthesurvivalofabouthalfofallbamboospeciesworldwide.Theresearcherssaybamboodistributionhashistoricallychanged⑥inresponsetochangesintheclimate.Inthemodernera,though,evenifotherareasweretobecomeclimaticallymoresuitedforbamboogrowth,thesewouldbe⑦faraway.Thefindingsshouldbeusedforplanningaheadtoprotectareasthathaveabetterclimaticchanceofprovidingenoughfoodsourcesorbegincreatingnaturalbridgestoallowpandasanescape\nfrombamboofamine.大熊猫面临着食物短缺的威胁科学家们声称，由于一直以来受到低繁殖率和栖息地快速流失的威胁，中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今又因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食——竹子的危险之中。大约270只大熊猫栖息于中国西北部的秦岭山脉地区，这占世界野生大熊猫总数的五分之一。据这一地区的调查研究推测，随着全球变暖本世纪竹子的产量将平稳下滑。“除非大熊猫能够找到另外一种食物资源来代替竹子，否则它们将很可能面临食物短缺的困境。大熊猫可是个挑剔的食客。”大熊猫的食物中99%都是竹子，它们平均每天吃掉的竹子达到38千克。竹子本身再生率低，每30年至35年为一个生长周期，这也就意味着竹子适应当地气候变化的过程很慢。根据这个调查得出的数据，调查者预测随着气候越来越暖，三种竹子将濒临灭绝。而这三种竹子正是几乎秦岭地区的大熊猫的全部食物源。调查研究的发起者们写道：调查结果表明到21世纪末秦岭地区基本上所有大熊猫的栖息地将很可能消失。滥伐森林正在在并且已经威胁着世界上将近一半种类的竹子的生存。调查者说到自古以来竹子的分布状况都随着气候的变化而波动。不过在现代，即使其他地区从气候因素上来讲更适合竹子的生长，但是这些地区与目前大熊猫保护区相隔太远，没有重合区。这些调查结果应该用于主动保护计划中，保护那些有更好的气候条件提供充足的食物资源的地区，或者为大熊猫搭建起快速摆脱饥荒的自然通道。重点单词:1.breeding['briːdɪŋ]n.繁殖，饲养2.picky['pɪkɪ]adj.挑剔的；吹毛求疵的3.deforestation[,di,fɔrɪ'steʃən]n.采伐森林；森林开伐4.famine['fæmɪn]n.饥荒；饥饿，奇缺重点短语/亮点句式：1.Alreadythreatenedbyaslowbreedingrateandrapidhabitatloss,China'sendangeredgiantpandasnowalsorisklosingtheirmainfood,bamboo,toclimatechange,claimscientists.科学家们声称，由于一直以来受到低繁殖率和栖息地快速流失的威胁，中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今又因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食——竹子的危险之中。threatenedbyaslowbreedingrateandrapidhabitatloss为过去分词短语作原因状语。bamboo作their\nmainfood的同位语。如：Inspiredbywhathesaid,wearedeterminedtostudyharder.在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。Tom,myuncle,willcomeheretomorrow.我的叔叔——汤姆明天来这里。2.consistsof包含，包括。如：Thecourseconsistsoftencoremodulesandfiveoptionalmodules.这门课程包括十个必修单元和五个选修单元。3.upto多达；该由……决定；胜任；直到。如：Thehotelcanaccommodateupto500guests.这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。Herclothesarealwaysrightuptotheminute.她的衣服总是式样最新的。It'suptoyoutodecidewhethertogoortostay.是去是留该由你决定。Heisnotuptothiswork.他不胜任这项工作。4.makeup弥补；和解；编造；整理；化妆；拼凑成。如：Itriedtomakeupformyloss.我力图补偿我的损失。Let'smakeup.让我们言归于好吧。Theboymadeupastory,itisnottrue.这个故事不是真的,是那个男孩编造出来的。Leavethisnoticehangingonyourdoor,askingtheservanttomakeupyourroom.留张便条挂在你房门上,请服务员把你的房间整理一下。Idon'tliketoseewomenmakingupinpublic.我不喜欢看见女人在公开场合化妆打扮。Farmworkersmakeuponlyasmallsectionofthepopulation.农民只占人口的一小部分。5.bytheendof到……为止。如：Allreportsmustbesentinbytheendofthisweek.\n所有的报告必须在本星期以前交齐。6.inresponseto回应。如：Inresponsetotheirhospitality,wewroteathank-younote.为回报他们的热情，我们写了一封感谢信。7.faraway遥远。如：Wecantalktothosewholivefarawaybytelephone.我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。名句背诵：Amancanfailmanytimes,butheisn'tafailureuntilhebeginstoblamesomebodyelse.(J.Burroughs)一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。(巴勒斯)【话题解读】“自然与环境”是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。 是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。【关键词汇、短语、句式】1.全球的关注globalconcern2.越来越糟getworseandworse/getfrombadtoworse/getmoreandmoreserious3.环境的破坏thedestructionofourenvironment4.改善环境刻不容缓It’shightimethatwedidsthtoimprovetheenvironment5.提高..的意识raiseawarenessthat/ofsth6.承担保护环境的责任beartheresponsibilitytoprotectourenvironment7.呼吁某人做某事callon/callfor/appealtosbtodosth8.时间不等人theclockisticking9.努力做某事makeallefforts/endeavor/makeone’sutmosteffort/goallout/tryallmeanstodosth\n10.采取行动/措施去takeaction/takemeasurestodo11.改善目前的状况improvethepresentsituation12.关注payattentiontodoing/showconcernforsth13.伤害/损害..causeharm/damageto14.不惜任何代价atallcost15.只要so/aslongas16.承担做某事的责任taketheresponsibilityofdoingsth17.以牺牲..作为代价atthecost/expenseofourenvironment18.保护环境Protecttheenvironment19.环境污染Environmentalpollution20.释放有毒气体Giveoff/releasepoisonousgas21.受到严重污染Beseriouslypolluted22.对…有害Doharmto/beharmfulto23.(不)注意环保Pay(no)attentionto24.灭绝dieout25.多植树Plantmoretrees26.把垃圾分类Sorttherubbish27.回收垃圾Recycletherubbish28.受益良多Benefitalot29.保持生态平衡Keepthebalanceofnature30.防止人们污染河流Preventpeoplefrompollutingtherivers31.为了提高生活质量，环境保护变得越来越重要Inordertoimprovethequalityofourlife,itbecomesmoreandmoreimportantto…32.随着科技的进步，环境污染越来越严重Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmorepollutionisproduced33.我们应该立刻采取措施与污染作斗争Weshouldtakeimmediateaction/stepstofightagainst…34.唯有这种方式我们才能享受新鲜空气，活得健康Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoyfreshairandliveahealthylife.【写作必备句型】\n1.Tocherishtheenviromentistoloveourselves.爱护环境就是爱护我们自己2.Imakeanurgentappealthatmeasuresshouldbetakentocopewiththesituation我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状3.Wearesurethatwe''llwinthebattle.我们坚信我们能赢得战斗4.Keepourmountainsgreen,thewateclean,andtheskyblue.使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝5.Ourearth'sdaysarenumberedwithouturgenthelp.没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了.6.（Sth.）areboundtogeneratesevereconsequencesifwekeepturningablinkeyetothem.如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，......一定会有恶劣的后果7.近来环保已经引起了全球的关注。Environmentalprotectionhascausedglobalconcernrecently.8.我们应该马上采取措施来保护我们的环境免受污染。It’shightimewetookimmediatemeasurestoprotectourearthfrombeingpolluted.9.每个人都应该提高保护地球的意识。Everybodyshouldraisetheawarenessthatit’sourdutytoprotectourmotherearth.10.你不难发现每个人都在伤害地球，然而他们可能自己都没有意识到这一点。Youcannotdifficultlyseethateverybodyactuallyiscausingdamagetothemotherearth,which,however,theymaynotberealizing.I．阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheinsectsareimportanttofarmers.Whenahoneybeelandsonaflowerinplant,pollen(花粉)stickstoitslegs.Whenthebeelandsonanotherflower,someofthepollenfallsoffandfertilizesthesecondplant.Theactofspreadingpollenisresponsibleformanyfruits,vegetables,nutsandothercrops.\nYetabout30percentofhoneybeesintheUnitedStatesandotherareashavediedinrecentyears.MikeLeggettisaresearcherattheUniversityofMaryland.Hewantstolearnwhysomanybeesaredying.“Thenumberofcolonies(蜂群)thatdieeverywinterhasbeenoneinthree.Soonaverage30percentofthecolonieshavediedeverywinteroverthelastsixwinters.Andthat’sahugenumber.”Hisresearchteamexaminedthepollenthathoneybeescarriedtotheirhomes.Theyfoundthatthepollencontainedhighlevelsof35differentpesticides(杀虫剂),whicharechemicalsusedtoprotectplants.“Pesticidesareused,andhavebeenused,prettywidely,forcenturies,toprotectplantsfromdiseases,”saysMrLeggett.KeithOhlinger,afarmerandbeekeeperinMaryland,haswatchedmanyofhisbeesdieeverywinter.MrOhlingerthinkswidespreadbeedeathiscausedbyseveralthingshappeningatonce.Buthedoesnotfeelsurethatpesticidesareapartoftheproblem,“Ifeltitwastheresultofalotoflittlethings.Ididn’tfeelthattherewasprobablyonesmokinggun.Butthere’sadivision(分歧)there,somepeoplefeelthatitisjustonething.”Honeybeesareimportanttoagriculture.ThismakesthesearchforananswertotheirdeathveryimportantforMrLeggett’steam.Asheknows,oneineverythreebitesoffoodweeatissomehowpollinatedbyhoneybees.1.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyAreHoneybeesImportant?B.HowDoHoneybeesMakeHoney?C.PesticidesMightHarmHoneybeesD.HoneybeeProtectioninMaryland2.HowdoesMrLeggettsoundinparagraph3?A.Worried.B.Happy.C.Surprised.D.Hopeful.3.WeknowfromthefifthparagraphthatKeithOhlinger________.A.hasbecomerichbykeepingbeesB.careslittleaboutthedeathofhisbeesC.hasneverusedpesticidesonhisfarmD.doubtswhetherpesticideshavekilledhisbees4.Inwhichpartofawebsitecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?\nA.Agriculture.B.Health.C.Food.D.Technology.BBecarefulwhatyousayaroundyourdog.Itmightunderstandmorethanyouthink.AbordercollienamedLuckyrecognizesthenamesofabout200objects,sayresearchersinGermany.Thedogalsoappearstobeabletolearnnewwordsaseasilyasa3-year-oldchild.Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotorchimpanzee(黑猩猩).Inoneexperiment,theresearcherstookall200itemsthatLuckyissupposedtoknowanddividedtheminto20groupsof10objects.Thentheownertoldthedogtogoandfetchoneoftheitemsandbringitback.Infourtests,Luckygot37outof40commandsright.Asthedogcouldn’tseeanyonetogetclues,thescientistsbelieveLuckymustunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwords.Inanotherexperiment,thescientiststookonetoythatLuckyhadneverseenbeforeandputitinaroomwithseventoyswhosenamesthedogalreadyknew.TheownerthentoldLuckytofetchtheobject,usingawordthedoghadneverheardbefore.Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutofl0tests,suggestingthatthedoghadworkedouttheanswerbyprocessofelimination(排除法).Amonthlater,Luckyrememberedhalfofthenewnames,whichisevenmoreimpressive.Luckyisthoughttobesmarterthantheaveragedog.Foronething,Luckyisabordercollie,abreed(品种)knownforitsmentalabilities.Inaddition,the9-year-olddoghasbeentrainedtofetchtoysbytheirnamessincetheageofninemonths.It’shardtoknowifalldogsunderstandatleastsomeofthewordswesay.Eveniftheydo,theycan’ttalkback.Still,itwouldn’thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowandthen.Youmightjustgetabig,wetkissinreturn!5.Fromparagraph2,wecaninferthat_________.A.chimpanzeeshaveverygoodword-learningskillsB.dogsaresmarterthanparrotsandchimpanzeesC.animalsareascleverashumanbeingsD.dogshavesimilarlearningabilitiesas3-year-oldchildren6.Thetwoexperimentsshowthat_________.\nA.LuckyissmartenoughtogetallcommandsrightB.LuckycanrecognizedifferentthingsincludingtoysC.LuckyhasdevelopedtheabilityoflearningmathematicsD.Luckywon’tforgetthenamesofobjectsoncerecognizingthem7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Totrainyourdog.B.Totalktoyourdog.C.Tobecarefulwithyourdog.D.Tobefriendlytoyourdog.CWECOMBATANIMALDISEASESTOGETHER!Wewanttopreventseriousanimaldiseasessuchasfootandmouthdisease,classicalswinefeverandAfricanswinefeverfromspreadingtoFinland.Theseandotheranimaldiseasescanbetransmittedfromonecountrytoanotherbyanimalsorbymeatanddairyproductseveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.Don’tbringmeat,meatproducts,milkanddairyproductsfromnon-EUcountriestoFinland!AbanonpersonalimportsappliestomeatanddairyproductsbroughtintoFinlandbytravelersororderedandsentthroughthepost.Thebanappliestofoodstuffsintendedforpersonalconsumptionorasgiftsandtopetfood.Ifyouhavefoodproductsofanimaloriginwithyou,throwtheminawastecontainerinthepointofentryorcontactCustoms!Bringingmeat-containingproductsaspresentsandforpersonalusefromanEUcountrytoFinlandAtthemoment,thereareEUcountrieswithcasesofAfricanswinefever.Inthosecountriestherearerestrictionareasand,asarule,porkandwildbearmeatorproductscontainingthesemeatsmaynotbeimportedfromtheseareasintoFinland.Importisallowedonlyunderverystrictcriteriacontrolledbylocalauthorities.However,thesalesofthesemeatproductswithinthecountrymaybeallowed.IntheEU,thediseasehasbeendetectedinEstonia,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Hungary,Romania,Bulgaria,BelgiumandItaly(Sardinia),forinstance.Itisdifficultfortravelerstoknowandprovefromwhichareameatproductsoriginateandwhethertheproductsonsalemeetallcriteria.Thisisthereasonwhywerecommendthatpeopleavoidimportinganymeatproductscontainingporkorwildbearmeataspresentsorforpersonalusefromcountries\nwithAfricanswinefever.PLEASENOTE!Neverleaveanyfoodwasteorleftoverintheenvironmentorplaceswheretheymaybeeatenbywildlife.Nevergivefoodwasteorleftovertoproductionanimalsortopetpigs.Thankyouforhelpingustopreventthespreadofanimaldiseases.Wewishyouapleasantjourney!8.Whomisthisnoticeintendedfor?A.FoodimportersinFinland.B.TravelerstoFinland.C.CitizensinEUcountries.D.Medicalstafffromnon-EUcountries.9.WhydoestheFinnishFoodAuthorityissuethenotice?A.Toprotectendangeredwildlife.B.Tosecurethedomesticeconomy.C.Topromotevegetarianlifestyle.D.Topreventtheinfectiousdiseases.10.WhichofthefollowingbehaviorsisIMPROPER,accordingtothenotice?A.ARussianofficialthrewabeefburgerinadustbinattheFinnishairport.B.AFinnishgirlfedmilktopigeonattheparkinherneighborhood.C.AJapanesetravelerboughtsomeHungarianhomemadesausagesinFinland.D.AGermanbroughtGermancheesestohisFinnishgirlfriendasagift.DNewresearchhasfoundthatgreysealscansimulate(模仿)humanspeechandsongs.ThestudycarriedoutbyDrAmandaStansburyandProfessorVincentJanik,attheUniversityofStAndrews,foundthatgreysealsusethesamesoundproductionsystemashumansduetohavingsimilarvocaltracts(声道).Threeyounggreyseals—Zola,GandalfandJanice—weremonitoredfrombirthbyStansburyandJaniktodeterminetheirnaturaltalents.Oncethisprocesswascomplete,theresearchersbeganteachingthesealstosimulatecommonsealsoundsornoisesasealmightnormallyhearfromaherdmateinthewild.Fishwasusedtoencouragethesealstocomeoutofthewaterandsingaseriesofnotes.Stansburywouldrecordtheseals’ownsoundsandplaythemback.Theseals\nquicklylearntthatiftheysangbackthesamenotes,theywouldberewardedwithfish.Oncethesealswerefamiliarwiththisprocessandcouldeasilycopythesebasicsounds,StansburyandJanikusedhigherandlongertones(音调)andunfamiliarvowels(元音)fromhumanspeech.Thesealswerethenrewardedformatchingthesenewsounds.Stansburyevenusedsomecombinationstosimulatesongsthatnosealwouldbeexpectedtoproduceundernaturalcircumstances.ZolahadagiftforcopyinguptotennotesofsongssuchasTwinkle,Twinkle,LittleStarandthethemesongofStarWars.GandalfandJanicewerebetterataccuratelyreproducingcombinationsofhumanvowelsounds.Stansburysaid,“Iwasamazedhowwellthesealscopiedthemodelsoundsweplayedtothem.Copieswerenotperfect,butgiventhatthesearenottypicalsealsounds,itisprettyimpressive.Ourstudyreallyshowshowflexiblesealvoicesare.”Afteroneyearofworkingwiththeresearchers,thesealpupswerereleasedbackintothewild.“Thisstudygivesusabetterunderstandingofthedevelopmentofvocallearning,askillthatisimportantforhumanlanguagedevelopment.”Janikbelievesthisknowledgecanhelptodevelopnewmethodstostudyspeechproblems.11.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Aresearchfindingongreyseals.B.Greyseals’learningenvironments.C.Humans’soundproductionsystem.D.Acomparisonofhumansandgreyseals.12.Inthestudy,fishwouldbegivenwhentheseals.A.madefunnynoisesB.cameoutofthewaterC.repeatedthesamenotesD.copiedtypicalfishsounds13.WhatcanwefindaboutZolabasedontheresearch?A.Itcancopysomemusicalsoundsplayedtoher.B.Itisgoodatcopyinghumanvowelsounds.C.ItissmarterthanGandalfandJanice.D.Itlikessingingchildren’ssongs.14.WhatdoesJanikthinkoftheresearchresult?A.Itshowsthelivingenvironmentsofgreyseals.B.Itleadstoabetterunderstandingofhumanevolution.C.Itraisesanawarenessoftheneedtoprotectgreyseals.D.Itinspiresnewmethodsforresearchonspeechproblems.\nA【答案】CADA【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了近年来很多地区有近百分之三十的蜜蜂死亡，而对于它们的死因，有研究表明是由农药造成的，有人认为农药不是死亡因素之一。1.主旨大意题。本文主要讲了近年来很多地区有近百分之三十的蜜蜂死亡，而对于它们的死因，有研究表明是由农药造成的，有人认为农药不是死亡因素之一。所以短文的最佳标题为“杀虫剂可能会伤害蜜蜂”。故C选项正确。2.推理判断题。由第三段中Leggett说的话“Thenumberofcolonies(蜂群)thatdieeverywinterhasbeenoneinthree.Soonaverage30percentofthecolonieshavediedeverywinteroverthelastsixwinters.Andthat’sahugenumber.”可知，Leggett认为每年百分之30的蜂群死亡是一个巨大的数字，由此判断出他对于蜜蜂的死亡数字是很担心的。故A选项正确。3.推理判断题。由文中第四段的MrOhlingerthinkswidespreadbeedeathiscausedbyseveralthingshappeningatonce.Buthedoesnotfeelsurethatpesticidesareapartoftheproblem,可知Ohlinger先生认为蜜蜂大面积死亡是由几件事同时发生造成的。但他不确定农药是不是导致原因的一部分。由此判断出从第五段我们可以知道，KeithOhlinger怀疑杀虫剂是否杀死了他的蜜蜂。D选项正确。4.推理判断题。文中最后一段讲到Honeybeesareimportanttoagriculture.，也就是说蜜蜂对于农作物很有用，所以研究蜜蜂的死亡很有必要，所以这篇文章可能来自农业部分，故A选项正确。B【答案】ABD【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些科学家们的有趣的最新发现：小狗能够理解人们的意思，并有作出相应判断的能力。5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段末尾句内容“Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotorchimpanzee.”可知，这里将这只狗的词汇学习能力与鹦鹉，黑猩猩相比较，提及它的词汇学习技能和鹦鹉或黑猩猩一样好。由此可知，黑猩猩有很好的词汇学习能力。故选A项。6.推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Asthedogcouldn’tseeanyonetogetclues,thescientistsbelieveluckymustunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwords.(由于狗看不到任何人来获取线索，科学家们认为Lucky一定理解某些单词的意思。)”和文章第五段内容“Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutofl0tests,suggestingthatthedoghadworkedouttheanswerbyprocessofelimination.(在\n10次测试中，有7次选择了正确的对象，这表明狗通过排除法找到了答案)”可知，第一个实验表明Lucky能够理解某些单词含义才能在执行指令方面很成功；第二个实验则证明了Lucky在已认知的基础上利用排除法识别未认识的物体。因此可推知这两个实验表明Lucky能够识别不同的东西，包括玩具在内。故选B项。7.推理判断题。文章末尾段落内容提出了作者的目的意图“Still,itwouldn’thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowandthen.Youmightjustgetabig,wetkissinreturn!(不过，偶尔对你的狗说些甜言蜜语也无伤大雅。你可能会得到一个大大的湿吻作为回报!)”呼应话题，呼吁对自己的狗要友好，狗会给与回报。选项D“Tobefriendlytoyourdog.(对你的狗友好。)”符合文意，表达了作者的心声。故选D项。C【答案】BDB【解析】这是一篇应用文，本文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知（具有强制性质），信中对相应的法规进行了普法宣传，并对人们进行了建议和指引。8.推理判断题。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…eveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。9.推理判断题。题目要求判断本文的写作目的、意图，这是一份官方通知，直接根据其题目“WECOMBATANIMALDISEASESTOGETHER!”（我们携手与动物疾病战斗！），并结合全文内容可知，题目中的“动物疾病”具体指的是“动物传染性疾病，如非洲猪瘟”，文章写作目的在于防止动物传染性疾病的传播，故选D。10.推理判断题。本题要求判断选项中的行为哪一项是错误的，根据原文倒数第二段“PLEASENOTE!Neverleaveanyfoodwasteorleftoverintheenvironmentorplaceswheretheymaybeeatenbywildlife.Nevergivefoodwasteorleftovertoproductionanimalsortopetpigs.”可知，要特别注意不要留任何食物垃圾或残渣在可能被野生动物发现并食用的环境中，也禁止用这些食物去投喂动物或者宠物猪，根据这条规定，B选项中“一个芬兰女孩用牛奶喂食附近的鸽子”显然不合法，故选B。D【答案】ACAD【解析】\n这是一篇说明文。科学家对灰海豹的研究发现，海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。最后提到这个研究的结果对现实意义的指导作用。11.主旨大意题。根据第一段Newresearchhasfoundthatgreysealscansimulate(模仿)humanspeechandsongs.ThestudycarriedoutbyDrAmandaStansburyandProfessorVincentJanik,attheUniversityofStAndrews,foundthatgreysealsusethesamesoundproductionsystemashumansduetohavingsimilarvocaltracts(声道).可知一项新的研究发现，灰海豹可以模仿人类说话和唱歌。圣安德鲁斯大学的AmandaStansbury博士和VincentJanik教授进行了这项研究，他们发现灰海豹和人类有同样的发声系统，因为它们有相似的声道。由此可知，第一段的主要内容是科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现。故选A。12.细节理解题。根据第二段中Fishwasusedtoencouragethesealstocomeoutofthewaterandsingaseriesofnotes.Stansburywouldrecordtheseals‘ownsoundsandplaythemback.Thesealsquicklylearntthatiftheysangbackthesamenotes,theywouldberewardedwithfish.可知鱼被用来鼓励海豹从水里出来并唱一系列的音符。Stansbury会录下海豹的声音然后播放回来。海豹很快就学会了。如果它们唱回同样的音符，就会得到鱼的奖赏。由此可知，在这项研究中，当海豹重复同样的音符时，会喂它们鱼。故选C。13.细节理解题。根据第三段中ZolahadagiftforcopyinguptotennotesofsongssuchasTwinkle,Twinkle,LittleStarandthethemesongofStarWars.可知Zola有可以模仿多达十个音符的歌曲的天赋。如Twinkle,Twinkle,LittleStar和StarWars的主题曲。由此可知，Zola能很好地模仿播放给它们听的声音。故选A。14.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thisstudygivesusabetterunderstandingofthedevelopmentofvocallearning,askillthatisimportantforhumanlanguagedevelopment.”Janikbelievesthisknowledgecanhelptodevelopnewmethodstostudyspeechproblems.可知“这项研究让我们更好地了解了声乐学习的发展，这是一项对人类语言发展非常重要的技能。”Janik相信这些知识可以帮助开发研究语言问题的新方法。由此可知，Janik认为研究结果为语言问题的研究带来了新的方法。故选D。
