专题04健康与饮食【美文阅读1】Mypainfulsmalldecision“Soon,you’regoingtohavetomoveout!”criedmyneighboruponseeingthelargesttomatoplantknowntomankind,oratleastknowninmyneighborhood.Onetiny9-inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.Asitis,Ihaveagardenfullofsweet-smellingrosesformostoftheyear.bushesmustbeprunedinearlyspring,leavinguglywoodybranchesuntilthenewgrowthappearsafewweekslater.Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.Abigmistake.Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.Thedailywateringcoupledwithfullsunandregularfertilizinghaveturnedthelittleplantintoatallbush.ThecageIplacedarounditastheplantgrewhaslongsincedisappearedunderthethickleaves.NowthetaskIfaceinharvestingthefruitistwofold;First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw(缩回)myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.Ifoundtwofull-blownwhiterosescompletelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune,buttheywereweakandtheleavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.HereIamfacedwithapainfulsmalldecision:Totearupawonderfulandproductivetomatoplantthatoffersupbetweentenandtwentyripesweettomatoeseachdayorsaygoodbyetoseveralexpensiveandtreasuredroses.LikeScarlettinGoneWiththeWind,I’llthinkaboutthattomorrow.我的痛苦的小决定“很快，你就得搬出去了！“我的邻居看到人类已知的最大的西红柿植物，或者至少在我的邻居那里知道的最大的西红柿时叫道。春天花了1.25美元买了一棵9英寸的小植物，它已经占据了我的大部分玫瑰花床，覆盖了其他许多植物，而且正在通往前门的路上。\n玫瑰需要很好的呵护，如果不是因为它们给人带来的快乐，它就不值得付出代价。事实上，我有一个花园，一年中大部分时间都是芳香的玫瑰。灌木必须在早春修剪，留下难看的木本树枝，直到几周后新的生长出现。正是花园里的空地让我只种了一株小番茄。一个大错误。适合玫瑰生长的土壤条件对西红柿来说更加完美。每天浇水加上充足的阳光和定期施肥，使这棵小植物长成了一棵高大的灌木。当植物生长的时候，我放在它周围的笼子早已在厚厚的叶子下消失了。现在，我收获果实的任务有两个：首先，我必须在树叶中找到红色的，这意味着我几乎要站在我的头上，一旦发现我必须伸手到下，摘下西红柿，收回我的全部拳头，而不落下如此珍贵的奖品。我在六月采摘西红柿时发现两朵盛开的白玫瑰完全藏起来了，但是它们很弱，叶子已经因为缺少光线而变黄了。在这里，我面临着一个痛苦的小决定：撕掉一株每天提供10到20个成熟甜番茄的美妙而多产的番茄，或者告别几朵昂贵而珍贵的玫瑰。就像《乱世佳人》里的斯佳丽一样，我明天再考虑这个问题。注解：1.prune[pru:n]vt.修剪，修整；删除，削减2.fertilize [ˈfə:tilaiz]vt.使肥沃；使多产3.withdraw[wiðˈdrɔ:]vt.收回，撤消，撤退vi.缩回，退出，撤退4.productive [prəˈdʌktiv]a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的语法点拨：1.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.【归纳】ifitweren’tfor表示“要不是因为…”,其主句时态为…woulddo.如果是对过去的虚拟则用ifithadn’tbeenfor…,其主句时态通常为wouldhavedone.两种用法均相当于butfor.如：Ifithadn’tbeenforhishelp,wewouldhavelostthegame.要不是因为他的帮忙，我们就输掉了这场比赛。2.Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.【归纳】此句中itwas…that…为强调句型，其强调对象为thespaceavailableinthegarden.又如：ItwasinthegardenthathefoundhislostMP4.他是在花园里找到丢失的MP4的.【美文阅读2】导读：你见过蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜吗？这些奇怪颜色的蜂蜜是怎么来的呢？ThecolorfulhoneyBlueandgreenhoneymaylookcool,butbeekeepersinnortheasternFrancearenothappyabout\ntheirstrange-lookingnewproduct.Overthepastfewmonths,beekeepersinRibeauvillé,atownlocatedintheAlsaceregion,havenoticedthatbeestherehavebeenmakinghoneyinmanystrangecolors.Beeshavebeenreturningtoapiarieswithdifferentcolorscoatingtheirbodies.Thecolorsthen①enduppollutingthehoney.ArecentresearchshowedthatanearbyM&M’sfactoryisbehindthechangeincolor.Wastefromthefactoryhasbeenexposingthebeestoanumberofchemicals.Someofthechemicalsareusedintheoutershellsofthecandies,whichcomeinmanybrightcolors.Thelocalbeekeepersdonotknowifthepollutedhoneyisdangeroustoeat,buttheyarenottakinganychances.Theyare②throwingawaythecandy-coloredhoney,whichmeansabiglosstolocalbusinesses.“Forme,it’snothoney,”AlainFrieh,leaderofthetown’sbeekeepersunion,tellstheReutersnewsagency.“It’snotsellable.”ThehoneyindustryinthispartofFrancehasbeensufferingthisyear.AccordingtoFrieh,manybeesdiedlastwinterorwereunabletomakehoneybecauseofthebadweather.Thisnewproblemofcoloredhoneyishurtingthebeekeepers’wayoflifeevenmore.Theregion③ishometoabout2,400beekeepersand35,000coloniesofbees,accordingtoAlsace’schamberofagriculture.④Thebeekeepersharvestapproximately1,000tonsofhoneyeachyear,makingtheproductabigpartoftheregion’seconomy.AgrivaloristhecompanythatprocessestheM&M'sfactory'swaste.Accordingtoco-managerPhilippeMeinrad,thecompanyhasbeen⑤attemptingtostopthepollution.“Wediscoveredtheproblem⑥atthesametimetheydid,”MeinradtellsReuters.“Wequicklyputinplaceaproceduretostopit.”彩色的蜂蜜蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜可能看起来很酷，但法国东北部的养蜂人却不喜欢这种看起来怪异的产品。在过去的几个月中，位于阿尔萨斯地区的维列小镇上的养蜂人注意到那里的蜜蜂酿出了许多奇怪颜色的蜂蜜。蜜蜂身上带着不同的颜色返回养蜂场。那些颜色最终染到了蜂蜜中。一项最新研究发现附近的一家M&M’s工厂是造成蜂蜜改变颜色的根源。那家工厂排放出来的废物使蜜蜂受到那些化学物的影响。其中的一些化学物用于糖果的外包装，那是许多鲜艳的颜色的根源。\n当地养蜂者不知道吃那些被染色的蜂蜜是否有危险，但他们没有冒险。他们把那些糖果色的蜂蜜扔掉了，这对他们造成了很大损失。AlainFrieh是当地养蜂协会的一位领导人，告诉路透新闻社说：“对于我来说，这不是蜂蜜，不能出售。”今年以来，法国这部分地区的蜂蜜行业一直遭受着被染色的侵扰。据Frieh说，由于恶劣的天气，去年冬天许多蜜蜂死亡或者不能酿蜜。而现在的染色蜂蜜问题更加严重影响了养蜂者的生产。根据阿尔萨斯农业委员会，该地区是大约2,400养蜂户的基地，那里有35,000个蜂群。每年养蜂户们收获近乎1,000吨蜂蜜，这使得蜂蜜成为该地区经济的重要产业。Agrivalor是处理M&M’s工厂废物的企业。根据合作经营者PhilippeMeinrad，该公司一直在努力阻止污染。Meinrad告诉路透社，“在他们发现的同时，我们也发现了该问题。我们很快地采取了措施来防止污染。”重点单词:1.apiary['eɪpɪərɪ]n.蜂房；养蜂场2.sellable['seləbl]adj.适于销售的3.chamber['tʃeɪmbə]n.（身体或器官内的）室，膛；房间；会所4.procedure[prə'siːdʒə]n.程序，手续；步骤重点短语/亮点句式：1.endup结束；最终成为。如：Howdoesthestoryendup?这个故事是怎么结尾的?Becareful,youcouldendupbygettinghurt.当心,你可能最终会伤到自己的.2.throwaway扔掉；浪费。如：Howmuchfooddowethrowawayintothegarbageeachyear?每年我们当垃圾扔掉的食物有多少?Firesareoftencausedbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.火灾经常是由人们不小心扔掉的烟蒂引起的。3.behometo是……的所在地；……的发源地。如：TheChesapeakeusedtobehometowildoysters,but99percentofthemaregone.切萨皮克曾经是野生牡蛎的家园，但是现在99%的牡蛎都不会再生活在这里了。\n4.Thebeekeepersharvestapproximately1,000tonsofhoneyeachyear,makingtheproductabigpartoftheregion’seconomy.每年养蜂户们收获近乎1,000吨蜂蜜，这使得蜂蜜成为该地区经济的重要产业。makingtheproductabigpartoftheregion’seconomy为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且该部分为“make+宾语(theproduct)+宾语补足语(abigpartoftheregion’seconomy)结构”。如：Hecutofftheelectricityquickly,preventinganaccident.他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。Hisparentsdied,makinghimanorphan.父亲去世了，使他成为孤儿。5.attemptto尝试；企图。如：Iwouldbethelasttoattempttoanswerthequestion.我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题。Shewillattempttobeattheworldrecord.她决心要打破世界纪录。6.atthesametime同时。如：Bycoincidence,wearrivedhereatthesametime.You'vegottobefirm,butatthesametimeyoumustbesympathetic.你态度要强硬，但还必须有同情心。名句背诵：Ifyouwishtosucceed,youshouldusepersistenceasyourgoodfriend,experienceasyourreference,prudenceasyourbrotherandhopeasyoursentry.(ThomasEdison)如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。（美国发明家爱迪生）【话题解读】＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。 \n 由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷I语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。 话题单词第1组1.allergicadj.过敏的2.appetiten.食欲；胃口3.balancen.平衡4.benefitn.利益 v.受益5.bleedvi.出血；流血6.cafeterian.自助餐厅7.candyn.糖果8.canteenn.餐厅；食堂9.comfortableadj.舒服的；安逸的10.curen．&vt.治疗；治愈11.deliciousadj.美味的；可口的12.desperateadj.绝望的；拼命的13.dietn.日常饮食 vi.节食14.diseasen.疾病第2组1.dizzyadj.头晕目眩的2.energyn.精力；活力3.harmn．&v.伤害；损伤harmfuladj.有害的；致伤的harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤的4.healthn.健康；卫生healthyadj.健康的；健壮的unhealthyadj.不健康的；不卫生的5.injurevt.伤害；损害6.necessaryadj.必需的；必要的7.nutritionn.营养；滋养8.operatev.做手术；运转；实施；经营；管理operationn.手术；操作\n9.overweightadj.太胖的；超重的10.painfuladj.痛苦的11.patientn.病人12.physiciann.内科医生13.poisonn.毒药14.randomadj.随意的；未经事先考虑的15.rangev.变化；变动；排序第3组1.recipen.烹饪法；食谱2.recovervi.痊愈；恢复3.reducevt.减少；缩减4.reliefn.轻松；解脱；缓和；救济5.reservationn.预订6.servevt.招待(顾客等)；服务servicen.服务7.snackn.小吃8.stomachn.胃；胃部stomachachen.胃疼9.strengthn.强项；长处；力量10.supplyvt.&n.供给；供应11.symptomn.症状12.tasten.品尝；味道 vt.品尝；尝味tastelessadj.无滋味的tastyadj.味道好的13.virusn.病毒14.vitaminn.维生素话题短语第1组1.acquireagoodhabit养成好习惯2.begood/badfor对……有益/有害3.behigh/lowin含……高/低4.beingoodhealth身体健康5.beonadiet节食6.berich/abundantin富含\n7.besickof...对……厌倦8.beworriedabout对……担心/焦虑第2组1.breakdown(身体)垮掉；(精神)崩溃；(机器或车辆)出毛病2.buildupone'sbody增强某人的体质3.curesb.of...治愈某人……4.diefrom由于……而死5.getoverweight变得肥胖6.haveapainin某处疼痛7.keepabalanceddiet保持均衡的饮食8.keepfit保持健康9.loseweight减肥第3组1.operateonsb.给某人做手术2.performanoperationonsb.给某人动手术3.physicalexamination体检4.putonweight增加体重5.recoverfrom从……中恢复6.sendforadoctor派人去请医生7.sufferfrom遭受；患上8.takeexercise进行运动；锻炼9.workout解决；锻炼话题佳句1．SomeofusthinkthatSenior3studentsshouldtakeexerciseafterschoolbecausethey'reconvincedthatprogressorsuccessdependsongoodhealth,whiletheothersholdquitedifferentviews.我们中一些人认为高三学生课余时间应该参加体育锻炼，因为他们坚信进步与成功依赖于健康的体魄；而另一些人持不同意见。2．Abalanceddietandregularexercisecanhelpuskeephealthybothphysicallyandmentally.均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼能帮助我们保持身心健康。3．Notonlydoesexerciseimproveourhealthbutalsomakesuscheerfulandraisesourlearningefficiency.锻炼不仅能改善我们的健康状况，而且使我们精神愉悦并提高学习效率。\n4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,weshoulddevelopahealthyeatinghabittobuildupourstrength.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveenoughenergytostudy.我认为，为了增强体质，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯。只有这样我们才能有足够的精力学习。5．Accordingtoasurvey,morethanhalfofChinesestudentsareshortsighted,rankingfirstintheworld.根据一项调查，中国学生半数以上患有近视，位居世界第一。6．Themajorityofpeopletakeintoomuchfatandnotenoughfiber,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.大多数人摄入太多的脂肪，纤维不够，这对他们的健康很有害。7．Thedoctoradvisedthatweshouldhaveabalanceddietandgetintothegoodhabitofgettingupearly.医生建议我们应该均衡饮食并养成早起的好习惯。8．Infact,wehavetoadmitthefactthatthequalityoflifeisasimportantaslifeitself.事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。9．Nothingismorepreciousthanyoukeepfit.再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵的了。10．Wecan'temphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。I．阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AScientistshavelearnedalotaboutthekindsoffoodpeopleneed.Theysaythatthereareseveralkindsoffoodthatpeopleshouldeateveryday,theyare:(1)greenandyellowvegetablesofallkinds;(2)citrus(柑桔)fruitsandtomatoes;(3)potatoesandotherfruitsandvegetables;(4)meatofallkinds,fishandeggs;(5)milkandfoodsmadefrommilk;(6)breadorcereal(谷类),riceisalsointhiskindoffood;(7)butter,orsomethinglikebutter.Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworldeatdifferentkindsofthings.Foodsarecookedandeateninmanydifferentkindsofways.Peopleindifferentcountrieseatatdifferenttimesoftheday.Insomeplacespeopleeatonceortwiceaday;inothercountries\npeopleeatthreeorfourtimesaday.Scientistssaythatnoneofthedifferencesisreallyimportant.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherfoodsareeatenraworcooked,canned(罐装的)orfrozen(冷冻的).Itdoesn’tmatterifapersoneatsdinnerat4o’clockintheafternoonorateleveno’clockatnight.Theimportantthingiswhatyoueateveryday.Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberofpeopleontheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaystofeedtheworld’spopulationsothatnooneishungry.Thesecondistomakesurethatpeopleeverywherehavetherightkindsoffoodtomakethemgrowtobestrongandhealthy.1.Accordingtothescientists,whichofthefollowingisthehealthiestforyourlunch?A.Chicken,apples,cerealandcabbages.B.Potatoes,carrots,riceandbread.C.Oranges,bananas,fishandtomatoes.D.Beef,pork,fishandmilk,2.Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworld_________.A.havetherightkindsoffoodtoeatB.cooktheirfoodinthesamewayC.havetheirmealsatthesametimeD.eatfoodindifferentways3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Peopleinsomeplacesdon’thaveenoughtoeat.B.Therearetoomanypeopleintheworld.C.Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneishungry.D.Thescientistsaretryingtomakepeoplegrowtobestrongandhealthy.4.IfthereisParagraph4,whatdoyouthinkisgoingtobetalkedabout?A.Whattodowiththetwoproblems.B.Whenpeopleeattheirlunch.C.Howtocookfoodindifferentways.D.Whypeopleeatdifferentkindsoffood.BTechnically,manyofthehealthyfoodsweeatareprocessed,butnotinthewayyoumightthink.Forexample,ifyouhaveaMasonjarfulloforganicdriedbeans,youhaveprocessedfoodinyourfridge.Frozenvegetablesareprocessed,evenifyoupickedthevegetablesfromyourgarden,blanched(焯水)themandputthemthefridge.Themomentyoublanchedthem,youprocessedthem.Whenwesayweshouldn’teatprocessedfoods,whatwereallymeanisultra-processedfoods.Whatareultra-processedfoods?IfImadeflatbreadathome,Iwouldmakeitwithmaterials\nlikeflour,yeast,milk,butterandsalt.Ikeepwhole-grainflatbreadinmyfreezerbecauseitdeterioratesquickly.Healthymealsforsure.ButInormallybuythemfromthegrocerystore,andwhilethebrandIbuycontainsalmostthesamematerialsasahomemadeversion,italsoincludesthedextrose,typeofsugar,andsomeotheradditives(添加剂).Thenitcanbecalledanultra-processedone.Ifweateultra-processedfoodsonlyoccasionally,itwouldn’tbeasbigofaproblem.However,researchersindicatedthatalmost58%ofthecaloriesAmericansconsumearefromultra-processedfoods.Astudyfoundpeoplewhoincreasedtheirdailyintakeofultra-processedfoodby10%increasedtheirriskofdevelopingoverallcancerby12%andbreastcancerby11%.Whilethestudydidn’tidentifytheexactreasonwhyultra-processedfoodscauseahigherriskofcancer,researchersdidhaveseveraltheories.Onetheoryisthatthefoodscontainhighlevelsofsalt,sugarandfat.Thosematerialshavebeenlinkedtooverweight,whichcanalsoleadtoagreaterriskofcancer.Asecondtheoryisthatsomeultra-processedfoodscontaincertainadditivesthatleadtocancers.Alsoanothertheoryishightemperaturesusedtoprocessthefoodcancreatenewlyformedpollutant.Finally,bpa(BisphenolA)iscommonlyusedinfoodpackagingandcanleakintothefood.Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoknowtheexactreasonswhyultra-processedfoodscanhavesuchanimpactonhealth,it’ssafetosaythattheconsequencesofeatingthemoutweighthebenefits.5.Whichofthefollowingisanultra-processedfood?A.Flatbreadfromstores.B.Frozenvegetables.C.OrganicdriedbeansD.Homemadeflatbread.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorates”inparagraph2mean?A.Runsout.B.Breaksout.C.Goesbad.D.Getsround.7.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.Alltheadditivesinthefoodcancausedeadlydiseases.B.Foodpackagewillnotbeaconstantmatterofconcernforus.C.Reasonsforcancerscausedbyultra-processedfoodsaredefinite.D.Toomuchsugar,saltandfatcontributetooverweight,andevencancers.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheultra-processedfood?\nA.Supportive.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned.CThelatestdiettrendinAmericaisalsoanancienthumanactivity.Theactivityisfasting,ornoteatingfoodforasetamountoftime.SocialmediaappsandFacebookgroupsareappearingforpeoplewhodo“intermittentfasting,”orfastingonapart-timebasis.Likeotherdiets,intermittentfastinghelpsyouloseweightbysettinglimitsoneating.Butinsteadoflimitingwhatyoueat,itlimitswhenyoueat.MelissaBreauxBankstonisaCrossfitinstructorinNewOrleans,Louisiana.Shetriedintermittentfastingasawaytoreducehersnacking.“IwantedtolimittheamountoftimethatIwaseating,”shesaid.However,fornow,limitedresearchsuggestsitmaynotbeanybetterforweightlossthanreducingcalorieintakeoverthelongterm.“It’sreallyanotherwayoffoolingyourbodyintoeatinglesscalories,”saidKristaVarady,whostudiesintermittentfastingattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago.CourtneyPeterson,oftheUniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,alsostudiesintermittentfasting.Shesuggestedthebenefitsofintermittentfastingarenotasgreatassomemightsuggest.“Unfortunately,intermittentfastinggetsalittlehyped,”shesaid.Somehealthexpertssayintermittentfastingmightbetoodifficultformanypeople.Theypointtoastudyof100peoplewherethoseplacedinafastinggrouplostaboutthesameamountofweightasthoseondietsthatrestrictedcalories.Thefastinggrouphadadropoutrateof38percent,comparedwith29percentforthecaloric-restrictiondietgroup.Butintermittentfastingmaybeeasierforpeoplewhoalreadyskipmealswhentheyaretoobusy,saidVarady.Peopleinterestedinintermittentfastingshouldtalktotheirdoctorbeforetryingit.Healthexpertsdonotrecommendintermittentfastingforchildren,peopleonsomemedicationsandpeoplewithahistoryofeatingdisorders.9.Whatdointermittentfastingandotherdietshaveincommon?A.Theylimitwhatyoueat.B.Theylimitwhenyoueat.C.TheyhelppeopleloseweightD.Theyareonapart-timebasis.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hyped”inparagraph6mean?A.Ignored.B.Overstated.C.Welcomed.D.Rejected.\n11.Whichstatementisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Intermittentfastingisveryeffective.B.Intermittentfastingisdifficultforallpeople.C.Peoplecantryintermittentfastingastheylike.D.Allpeoplearenotadvisedtodointermittentfasting.DLONDON(Reuters)–Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarketbuyingorganicfood.“Organicproductisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(杀虫剂),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocallygrownandseasonal,soitistasty.”Goldisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainaredependingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduct?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproduct.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimportedtomeetgrowingdemand.”Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast-growingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.12.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause__________.A.theyaregettingricher.B.theycangetthefoodanywhere.C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution.D.theylikehome-grownfruit.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutmostorganicproductsoldinBritain?A.Itgrowsindoorsthroughouttheyear.B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.\nD.Itisproducedonlargefarms.14.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“theorganictrend”inthesecondparagraph?A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.B.BetterqualityoforganicfoodC.Risingmarketfororganicfood.D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?A.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood.B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain.C.Organicfood—toimportornot?D.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?A【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕饮食为话题，讲述了科学家提出的人们每天必须的7类食品，而世界上不同国家和不同地方的人吃不同种类的东西，食物的烹饪和食用方式有很多种，同时提出了在饮食方面面临的需要解决的问题。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Theysaythatthereareseveralkindsoffoodthatpeopleshouldeateveryday,theyare:(1)greenandyellowvegetablesofallkinds;(2)citrusfruitsandtomatoes;(3)potatoesandotherfruitsandvegetables;(4)meatofallkinds,fishandeggs;(5)milkandfoodsmadefrommilk;(6)breadorcereal,riceisalsointhiskindoffood;(7)butter,orsomethinglikebutter.”可知，有几种人们每天应该吃的食物，它们是：（1）各种各样的绿色和黄色蔬菜；（2）柑橘类水果和番茄；（3）土豆和其他水果和蔬菜；（4）各种各样的肉，鱼和鸡蛋；（5）牛奶和食物牛奶制成；（6）面包或谷物，大米；（7）黄油，或者类似的黄油。选项A“Chicken,apples,cerealandcabbages.”提到的食物为“鸡肉、苹果、麦片和卷心菜”包含在内。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Peopleindifferentcountriesanddifferentplacesoftheworldeatdifferentkindsofthings.Foodsarecookedandeateninmanydifferentkindsofways.”可知，世界上不同国家和不同地方的人吃不同种类的东西，食物的烹饪和食用方式有很多种。故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberof\npeopleontheearth.Thefirstistofindsomewaystofeedtheworld’spopulationsothatnooneishungry.”可知，要养活地球上这么多的人需要解决的第一个问题是找到一些方法来养活世界人口，这样就没有人挨饿了。由此可知，还是有人挨饿的。因此选项C“Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneishungry.(其中一个问题是没有人挨饿。)”表述错误。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中心主旨句“Therearetwoproblems,then,infeedingthelargenumberofpeopleontheearth.”可知，第三段提及了要养活地球上这么多的人就有两个需要解决的问题。由此推知，第四段应是谈论如何解决这两个问题。故选A项。B【答案】5.A6.C7.D8.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是超加工食品，以及研究人员指出，美国人摄入的卡路里中有近58%来自于超加工食品。一项研究发现，每天摄入超加工食品10%的人患癌症的风险会增加12%，患乳腺癌的风险会增加11%。同时分析了过度加工食品导致癌症风险升高的确切原因，建议人们不要吃太多超加工食品。5.细节理解题。根据第二段Whatareultra-processedfoods?IfImadeflatbreadathome,Iwouldmakeitwithmaterialslikeflour,yeast,milk,butterandsalt.Ikeepwhole-grainflatbreadinmyfreezerbecauseitdeterioratesquickly.Healthymealsforsure.ButInormallybuythemfromthegrocerystore,andwhilethebrandIbuycontainsalmostthesamematerialsasahomemadeversion,italsoincludesthedextrose,typeofsugar,andsomeotheradditives(添加剂).Thenitcanbecalledanultra-processedone.可知什么是超加工食品？如果我在家里做面饼，我会用面粉、酵母、牛奶、黄油和盐来做。我把全麦面包放在冰箱里，因为它会很快变质。这当然是健康的饮食。但我通常是从杂货店买的，虽然我买的牌子和自制的几乎含有相同的材料，但它也含有葡萄糖、糖和一些其他添加剂。这样就可以称为超加工。由此可知，A选项“商店里的面包”属于超加工食品。故选A。6.词义猜测题。根据划线词上文Ikeepwhole-grainflatbreadinmyfreezerbecauseit可知作者把全麦面包放在冰箱里，因为面包很容易变质，需要冰箱来保存更长时间。由此可知，划线词意思为“变质”。A.Runsout.耗尽；B.Breaksout.爆发；C.Goesbad.变质；D.Getsround.到处走走。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据第四段中Onetheoryisthatthefoodscontainhighlevelsofsalt,sugarandfat.Thosematerialshavebeenlinkedtooverweight,whichcanalsoleadtoagreaterriskofcancer.可知一种理论认为，这些食物含有高水平的盐、糖和脂肪。这些物质与超重有关，超重也会导致患癌症的更大风险。由此可知，过多的糖、盐和脂肪会导致超重，甚至癌症。故选D。8.推理判断题。根据最后一段Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoknowtheexactreasonswhy\nultra-processedfoodscanhavesuchanimpactonhealth,it’ssafetosaythattheconsequencesofeatingthemoutweighthebenefits.可知虽然还需要进一步的研究来了解为什么超加工食品会对健康产生如此大的影响，但可以肯定地说，吃这些食品的后果大于其好处。由此可推知，作者对于超加工食品持不支持的态度。故选C。C【答案】9.C10.B11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的新饮食趋势——间歇性禁食。9.细节理解题。根据第二段Likeotherdiets,intermittentfastinghelpsyouloseweightbysettinglimitsoneating.可知，与其他节食方法一样，间歇性禁食通过限制饮食来帮助你减重。故选C。10.词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句Shesuggestedthebenefitsofintermittentfastingarenotasgreatassomemightsuggest.可知，她表明间歇性禁食的好处并不像有些人建议的那么大。再结合划线单词所在句Unfortunately,intermittentfastinggetsalittlehyped,可知，因为间歇性禁食的好处并不像有些人建议的那么大，由此可知划线单词“hyped”的意思是“夸大陈述”。故选B。11.细节理解题。根据第6段Shesuggestedthebenefitsofintermittentfastingarenotasgreatassomemightsuggest.（她表明间歇性禁食的好处并不像有些人建议的那么大）可知，选项A的描述错误；根据倒数第二段Somehealthexpertssayintermittentfastingmightbetoodifficultformanypeople.（一些健康专家说，间歇性禁食对很多人来说可能太难了。）可知，选项B的描述错误；根据最后一段Peopleinterestedinintermittentfastingshouldtalktotheirdoctorbeforetryingit.（对间歇性禁食感兴趣的人在尝试之前应该和他们的医生谈谈。）可知，选项C的描述错误；根据文章最后一句Healthexpertsdonotrecommendintermittentfastingforchildren,peopleonsomemedicationsandpeoplewithahistoryofeatingdisorders.（健康专家不建议儿童、服用某些药物的人以及有饮食失调史的人间歇性禁食。）可知，选项D.Allpeoplearenotadvisedtodointermittentfasting.(不建议所有人都做间歇性禁食。)的描述正确。故选D。D【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国越来越多的人买有机食品，是因为他们认为这样的食物没有污染，并介绍了有机食品背后一些鲜为人知的事实。12.细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Organicproductisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(杀虫剂),…”可知，Gold说有机食品总是更好的，这种食物中没有杀虫剂，由此可知越来越多的英国人买有机食品是因为他们认为这种食品没有污染。故选C项。\n13.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimportedtomeetgrowingdemand.(英国大约四分之三的有机食品不是当地产的，而是进口以满足增长的需求)”可知，英国市场上销售的多数有机产品不是在英国生产的，故选B项。14.短语猜测题。根据划线词后面一个分句“supermarketsacrossBritainaredependingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness(在英国超市的有机生意快速增长时，他们依靠更多像他这样的人)”可知，划线词所在句“Goldisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend”意为“Gold是对购买有机食品感兴趣的众多购买者之一”，所以划线词“theorganictrend”意为“对有机食品日益增长的兴趣”。故选A项。15.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先提出英国越来越多的人购买有机食品，结合第二段中“Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduct?(但是又多少购买者真的知道他们买的是什么，他们为什么愿意付更高的价钱买有机食品)”可知，文章接着介绍了关于有机食品背后的一些鲜为人知的事实，所以D项“有机食品——健康还是仅仅针对有钱人？”适合作为文章标题，故选D项。
