专题05历史与地理【美文阅读1】SomethingwonderfulinadisasterOnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzedfromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofconveniencewithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe"haves"tothe“have-nots".Orsowethought.Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusedthemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh,ortothe"Disabled"boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou.DearChris,MyhusbandandIweresosorrytohearofyourridingaccidentlastweek.Nodoubtyourfamilyandyourfriendsaregivingyouthestrengthtofacethistechnicalchallenge.Peopleeverywherearealsogivingyoubestwisheseverydayandweareamongthosewhoarekeepingyoualive.YoursSincerely,NancyReagan灾难中的美好1995年5月27日,我们的生活突然发生了变化。就在三点过几分钟,我丈夫克里斯从马背上摔了下来,他从胸前摔下来,无法正常呼吸。当他从马背上摔下来的时候,我们进入了一个有很多意想不到的挑战的便利的生活。我们从从“有”到“无”。或者我们是这么想的。\n然而,我们后来发现,所有的礼物都来自于分享的困难。我们逐渐了解到,灾难中可能会发生一些美妙的事情。全世界的人都非常关心克里斯,以至于每天都有信件和明信片涌入。到了第三个周末,在弗吉尼亚州的一个医疗中心,大约有35000封邮件已经收到并分类。作为一个家庭,我们一封又一封地打开信,它们给了我们安慰,成为我们力量的源泉。我们用它们来鼓励自己。如果我们需要欢笑,我会去标有“有趣”字样的那一堆信,或者到“残疾人”的信箱里,向坐在轮椅上甚至床上的人们寻求建议,让他们快乐而成功地生活。这些信件,我们意识到,必须被分享,所以在这里我们提供其中一封给你。亲爱的克里斯,我丈夫和我很遗憾听到你上周的骑行事故。毫无疑问,你的家人和朋友给了你力量去面对这项技术挑战。世界各地的人们也每天都在向你致以最美好的祝愿,而我们也是那些让你活下来的人之一。谨上,南希·里根注解:1.paralyzed['pærəlaizd]adj.瘫痪的,麻痹的2.chest [tʃest]n.胸,胸腔;柜子,橱3.challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ]n挑战;质问4.pour [pɔ:r]vt.灌,倒,注vi.倾泻,流出5.pile [pail]n.一堆,一叠v.堆积6.technical [ˈteknikəl]a.技术的,工艺的语法点拨:1.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.【归纳】so…that…引导结果状语从句,表示“如此…以致…”,使用时要注意其倒装方式,如:Thisbookissointerestingthateveryonewantstoreadit.这本书很有趣,人人都想看看。==Sointerestingisthebookthateveryonewantstoreadit.注意:sothat…通常用于引导目的状语从句,表示“为了、以便…”,如:Theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.为了能赶上早班车,他们早早就起床了。2.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh.【归纳】thepileoflettersmarkedwith…其中markedwith为过去分词作定语,相当于定语从句thatweremarkedwith…。注意体会现在分词与过去分词作定语的差别:boiledwater开水boilingwater正沸腾的水\ndevelopedcountries发展的国家developingcountries发展中国家fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子changedcondition改变了的情况changingcondition变化着的情况【美文阅读2】导读:本文介绍的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一没有汽车的城市;它因水而生,因水而美,因水而兴,号称“亚得里亚海皇后”。Venice—QueenoftheAdriaticThehistoriccityofVenicestretchesacrossashallowsaltwaterlagooninnortheastItaly.Thecitywasonceamajorseapowerandanimportantcenterforpoliticsandtrade.Ithassincefadedfromgloryanddeclinedininfluence,butthe"QueenoftheAdriatic"remainsrichinbeauty,art,andtourism.①BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.Theonlytransportationintheoldcitycenterhasbeenbyboatoronfootforcenturies.TraditionalVenetianboatsstillferrytouriststhroughthenarrowcanals,thoughnowadaysmostVenetianstravelbymotorizedwaterbus.Archedfootbridgestraversethecanals,②addingtothepicturesquecharmofthisfairytalecity.VeniceisEurope'slargestcar-freeareaandaWorldHeritageSite.③Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.DuringtheRenaissance,VenicewasoneofthemostimportantmusicalcentersinEurope.Countlessbooks,plays,musicalcompositions,andworksofarthavebeeninspiredbyVenice.Presently,thecitydrawsmorethansevenmilliontouristsperyear.Sadly,thefutureofVeniceisthreatened.Sincethe20thcentury,whenwellsbegantodrawwaterfromthegroundtosupportlocalindustry,Venicehasbeensinking.Inmanyoldhouses,lowerlevelstaircasesarenowfloodedandformergroundfloorshavebecomeuninhabitable.Nevertheless,Venetianlife④goesonandthecitycontinuestocharmitsmanyvisitors.威尼斯——亚得里亚海皇后历史名城威尼斯横跨意大利东北部的一个咸水湖。这个城市曾经是一个主要的海上力量和重要的政治、贸易中心。虽然它昔日的荣耀和影响力已经褪去,这位“亚得里亚海皇后”在美景、艺术与旅游业方面依然非常富有。\n建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名,运河就是这个城市的道路。几百年来,旧城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者步行。虽然现在大多数威尼斯人乘坐电动水上巴士,传统的威尼斯船只仍然在狭窄的运河中摆渡游客。拱形的人行天桥横贯运河之上,为这座童话般的城市增加了如画般的吸引力。威尼斯是欧洲最大的无车区,也是世界遗产城市。虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝,威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。在文艺复兴时期,威尼斯是欧洲最重要的音乐中心之一。威尼斯激发了无数书籍、戏剧、乐曲和艺术品的产生。目前,这座城市每年吸引着七百多万游客。令人难过的是,威尼斯的未来受到了威胁。自从20世纪人们从水井抽取地下水支持当地工业开始,威尼斯开始了下沉。在很多老房子里,低层的楼梯浸在水中,以前的一楼已经无法住人。尽管如此,威尼斯的生活还在继续,这座城市使众多的游客为之陶醉。重点单词:1.lagoon[lə'guːn]n.咸水湖2.Adriatic[,eidri'ætik]adj.亚得里亚海的3.ferry['ferɪ]vt.(乘渡船)渡过;用渡船运送4.traverse['trævəs;trə'vɜːs]vt.穿过5.picturesque[,pɪktʃə'resk]adj.生动的;图画般的6.heritage['herɪtɪdʒ]n.遗产7.infrastructure['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施8.gem[dʒem]n.宝石,珍宝;精华9.boast[bəʊst]包含,容纳;有10.Renaissance['rɛnəsɑns]n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至16世纪)重点短语/亮点句式:1.BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名,运河就是这个城市的道路。(1)befamousfor因……而著名。如:Aschoolassuchshouldbefamousforitsteaching,itssportsandgames,anditsstrictdiscipline.一个像这样的学校,必须在教学、运动、球戏、及严格纪律训练等方面,能够著名。(2)which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词canals。如:Someoftheroadswereflooded,whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.\n有些路被水淹了,这使得我们的行程更加困难。2.addto增添;加强。如:Thebadweatheraddedtotheshipwreckedsailors’difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。3.Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝,威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。while在此意为“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:Whileheloveshisstudents,heisstrictwiththem.虽然他爱他的学生,他对他们非常严厉。4.goon继续。如:Thissituationseemedtogoonindefinitely.这种状况似乎要无限期地继续下去。名句背诵:Mostignoranceisvincibleignorance.Wedon’tknowbecausewedon’twanttoknow.(AldousHuxley,Britishwriter)大多无知是可以克服的。我们不知道只是因为我们不想知道。(英国作家 奥尔德斯•赫胥黎)【话题解读】“历史与地理”是高中英语课程标准话题之一,也是高考常考话题。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过"历史与地理"这一话题的学习和高考考查,增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣,提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养,促进学生的身心健康。 近几年的高考英语中,“历史与地理”这个话题屡见不鲜。在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中,出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等,例如2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。 \n【相关词汇】Ⅰ.写作必记单词 1.attackvt.进攻;袭击 2.disappearvi.消失→disappearancen.消失;失踪 3.escapevi.逃跑 4.feedvt.喂养;饲养;靠……为生;向……提供 5.localadj.当地的→locatevt.把……设置(在);使……坐落(于) →locationn.地点;位置 6.nativeadj.本地的;本国的 7.raisevt.饲养;提高 8.rangen.山脉;vi.排列;延伸 9.ruinvt.毁坏;毁灭;n.废墟;毁灭 10.strikev.突然侵袭;打击;打动;突然想到 11.threatenvt.威胁;恐吓→threatn.威胁 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 12.abolishvt.废除 13.aggressionn.侵略→aggressiveadj.侵略的;具有攻击性的 14.betrayvt.出卖;泄露机密 15.distributevt.发放;分发→distributionn.分配;配给 16.droughtn.干旱 17.dynastyn.朝代 18.eruptvi.(火山)爆发;喷发→eruptionn.爆发 19.frightenvt.使惊恐→frighteningadj.令人惊恐的,骇人的→frightenedadj.害怕的;受惊的 20.foggyadj.有雾的→fogn.雾 21.freezingadj.冰冻的;极冷的→freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻,冻僵→frozenadj.结冰的,冷冻的 22.geographyn.地理 23.historicadj.历史的;有历史意义的→historyn.历史→historicaladj.历史(上)的;与历史有关的 24.historicaladj.与历史有关的 25.incidentn.事变 26.independencen.独立 \n27.invadevt.侵略 28.monumentn.纪念碑 29.mountainousadj.多山的 30.occupyvt.占领;使忙碌 31.originn.起源;由来 32.religionn.宗教 33.religiousadj.宗教的 34.remoteadj.偏远的;偏僻的 35.racialadj.种族的 36.revolutionn.革命 37.sacrificevt.牺牲 38.shortagen.缺乏 39.showern.阵雨;淋浴 40.supplyvt.提供;供应;n.供应;供给 41.terrifyvt.使恐怖 42.urbanadj.城市的;都市的 43.weaponn.武器 III.话题相关词汇1.地理 geography2.古迹 historicalspot3.省;州 province/state4.首都;省会 capital5.矿藏,矿物质 mineral6.东南方的 southeastern7.西北方的 northwestern8.遗址 ruin9.郡/县 county10.华南 SouthChina11.华北 NorthChina12.师范大学 NormalUniversity\n13.城市建筑 urbanarchitecture14.艺术长廊 theartgallery15.依据 accordingto16.悠久历史 havealonghistory/withalonghistory17.挨近;靠近 becloseto18.矿产资源 mineralresourceIV.话题相关词组1.城市规划 urbanplanning2.城镇人口 urbanpopulation3.追溯到 datebackto4.以……为背景 setin5.独有的特色 uniquefeatures6.占地面积7434平方公里 coveranareaof7,434squarekilometres7.人口超过600万 haveapopulationofover6million/withapopulationofmorethan6million...8.2200年的悠久历史 haveahistoryof2,200years/withahistoryof2,200yearsV.实用句型1.广州,别名花城,地处珠江三角洲(thePearlRiverDelta)北部,临近港澳。ThecityofGuangzhou,nicknamedasFlowerCity,islocatedinthenorthofthePearlRiverDelta,closetoHongkongandMacao.2.广州是广东省的政治经济文化中心。Guangzhouisthepolitical,economicandculturalcentreofGuangdongProvince.3.各地气候差异很大。Theclimatedifferssharplyfromoneareatoanother.4.澳大利亚拥有极为丰富的矿产资源,且铁矿储量居世界第二。Australiahasprettyrichmineralresources,anditsironresourceisranked2ndintheworld.VI.佳作背诵假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华,母校将为高一新生举办主题为“Whattolearninseniorhighschool”的英语沙龙活动,特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提纲准备一份英语发言稿。1.学会学习:方法、习惯等;\n2.学会做人:真诚、友善等;3.其他方面:自拟。[参考范文]WhattolearninseniorhighschoolGoodmorning,everyone!Itismygreathonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.Inthecomingthreeyears,yourschoollifewillbechallenging.Firstly,youshouldlearntolearnefficiently.Personally,Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.Developingagoodhabitisalsoofimportance.Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,getactivelyinvolvedinclassandreviewwhathadbeentaughtafterclass.Inaddition,youshouldlearnhowtogetalongwithothersinschool.Forexample,Irespectedteachersandwasfriendlywithclassmates.Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.Finally,youshouldtakepartinsportsandotheroutdooractivitiesfrequently.Astheyareveryhelpfultobuildupyourbodyandenrichyourschoollife.Nopains,nogains.Iamsurethatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.Thankyou!I.阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AOnApril10,1912,theoceanlinerTitanicsetoffonitsfirstvoyagewithmorethan2,200peopleonboard.Itwasahistoricmoment.Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.ButonthenightofApril14,theTitanicstruckagianticeberg.Withinhours,itsanktothebottomoftheocean.Therewereonlyenoughlifeboatsforabouthalfthepeopleonboard.Morethan1,500passengersandcrewmembersdied.Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.Thatincludes1997’sTitanic---oneofthemostpopularfilmsinhistory.\nNow,morethanacenturylater,areplica(复制品)oftheshipisbeingbuilt.TheTitanicIIisexpectedtofollowtherouteoftheoriginalship.Itisscheduledtolaunchin2022andsailfromSouthampton,England,toNewYorkCity.Inmanyways,theTitanicIIwillbehardtotellapartfromtheoriginalship.Itwillhavethesamecabinlayouts(布局)andservethesamefancymeals.ButaccordingtotheBlueStarLine,thecompanybuildingtheship,therewillbesomeimportantdifferences.TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.Thoughtheshipitselfwillbemoremodern,sailingonitwillbeajourneybackintime,saysClivePalmer,theOwnerofBlueStarLine.“Itisatribute(致敬)tothespiritofthemenandwomenwhoworkedontheoriginalTitanic,”hesays.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheTitanic?A.Itwasthelargestpassengershipofitsday.B.Morethan2,200peoplediedwhenitsankC.ItsetsailfromNewYorkCity.D.Itsankthefirstdayafteritsetsail.2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe1997movieTitanic?A.Todescribetheship’sdesign.B.Tohighlightthepublic’sinterestintheship.C.ToexplainwhytheTitanicsank.D.Tocomparethenewshipwiththeoriginalone.3.HowwilltheTitanicIIdifferfromtheoriginalship?A.ItwillfollowanewrouteacrosstheAtlanticOcean.B.Itwillservefancymealstopassengers.C.Itwillhaveenoughlifeboatsforallpassengers.D.Itwillhavesmallercabinsforpassengers.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUnsinkableTitanicB.TheTitanicSailsAgainC.TitanicStoriesWillGoon\nD.TheReconstructionofTitanicBThefirstorganizedsystemforsendingmessagesbeganinEgyptaround1500B.C.ThissystemdevelopedbecausethepharaohsfrequentlyneededtosendmessagesupanddowntheNileRiverinordertokeeptheirempirerunningsmoothly.Later,thePersiansdevelopedamoreefficientsystemforsendingmessagesusingmenandhorses.MessagescarriersrodealongtheroadsystemstretchingfromoneendofthePersianEmpiretotheother.Alongtheseroads,freshmenandhorseswaitedatspecialstationstotakeandpassalonganymessagesthatneededtobesent.Thestationswhereriderspassedmessagesbackandforthwerebuilt23kilometersapart,sothemenandhorseswereabletotravelquicklybetweenthem.TheRomanslatertookuphisideaandimproveditbyusingamoreadvancedandextensiveroadsystem.InChina,however,KublaiKhanhadbuiltuphisownsystemfordeliveringmessages.ThissystemworkedinthesamebasicwayastheRomansystem.ThedifferencewasthatKublaiKhankept300,000horsesalongtheroadsofthisdeliverylines.Therewereover10,000stationswhereamessagewouldbepassedfromoneridertoanotherwithafreshhorse.Inthisway,KublaiKhancouldreceivemessagesfromanywhereinthecountryinonlyafewdays.Itwasnotuntilthe1500sthatawell-organizedpostalsystemappearedagaininEurope.Onefamily,thevonTaxisfamily,gainedtherighttodelivermailfortheHolyRomanEmpireandpartsofSpain.Thisfamilycontinuedtocarrymail,bothgovernmentandprivate,throughoutEuropeforalmost300years.In1653,aFrenchman,RenouarddeVelayer,establishedasystemfordeliveringpostinParis.Postalchargesatthattimewerepaidbytherecipient,butdeVelayer'ssystemwasuniquebyallowingthesendertopre-paythecharges,inasimilarwaytothemodernstamp.Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.Eventually,government-controlledpostalsystemstookoverfromprivatepostalbusinesses,andbythe1700sgovernmentownershipofmostpostalsystemsinEuropewasanacceptedfactoflife.Thethingthatalltheseearlysystemshadincommonwasthattheywerequiteexpensiveforpublicuse,andwereintendedforusebythegovernmentandthewealthy.However,in1840,aBritishschoolteachernamedRolandHillsuggestedintroducingpostagestamps,andapostalratebased\nonweight.Thisresultedinloweringpostalrates,encouragingmorepeopletousethesystemtostayintouchwitheachother,HisideahelpedtheBritishpostalsystembegintoearnprofitsasearlyas1850.SoonafterthatmanyothercountriestookupMr.Hill'sidea.Andletterwritingbecameaccessibletoanyonewhocouldwrite.Today,theRolandHillawardsaregiveneachyearto"encourageandrewardfreshideaswhichhelppromotephilately"(stampcollecting).5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Howinternationalletterstravel.B.Asurprisingmethodfordeliveringmail.C.Thehistoryofpostalsystems.D.Changesinthemethodsofcommunication.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRenouarddeVelayeristrue?A.Hiswasagovernment-controlledsystem.B.Hiscompetitorsdestroyedhisbusiness.C.Hissystemlastedforhundredsofyears.D.Inhissystem,thepersonwhoreceivedtheletterpaidthepostagefees.7.Whichofthesystemsmentionedinthepassagewasmostlikethepostalsystemtoday?A.Egyptian.B.Chinese.C.deVelayer's.D.vonTaxis's.8.WhatwasRolandHill'sgreatestachievement?A.Hemadeletterwritingaccessibletotheaverageperson.B.HemadealotofmoneyfortheBritishpostalsystem.C.Hemadestampcollectingapopularhobby.D.Hewonanawardforletterwriting.CAustraliaisasocietyofpeoplefromarichdiversity(多样)ofcultural,ethnic,linguistic(语言的)andreligiousbackgrounds.MostAustraliansareimmigrantsorthedescendants(后裔)ofimmigrantswhoarrivedoverthepasttwocenturiesfrommorethan200countries.CulturalandlinguisticdiversitywasafeatureofAustralianlifebeforeEuropeansettlementandremainsadefiningfeatureofmodernsociety.ImmigrationbeganwithEuropeansettlementin1788.Itcontinuedatasteadypace—reaching50,000ayearduringtheGoldRushPeriodofthe1850s—untilthepopulationreachedsevenmillioninthe1940s.MostsettlerswerefromaBritishbackground.SincetheSecondWorldWar,theAustraliangovernment’simmigrationprogramhas\nbroughtmorethan6.6millionmigrantstoAustralia.Today,almostoneinfourofAustralia’sestimatedresidentpopulationof24millionwasbornoverseas.Thelast50yearshaveseenasignificantchangeinthesourcecountriesofpeoplewhochoosetocomehere.Inthe1960s,45%ofallnewsettlerswerebornintheUnitedKingdomandIreland.By2006to2007,thishadfallento17%,withsettlersandlong-termvisitorsincreasingfromcountriesintheAsia-Pacificregion,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Australiarecognizes,acceptsandrespectsculturaldiversity.Therearefewcountriesintheworldwheremigrantshaveachievedthelevelofeconomic,political,socialandculturalparticipationthattheyhaveinAustralia.ForeignlanguagesaretaughtinmostmainstreamAustralianschoolsanduniversities,aswellasincommunityethnicschools,manyofwhicharefundedbytheAustraliangovernment.TheAustraliangovernmentspendsalargeamountofmoneyeveryyearsupportingtheteachingandlearningforAsian,Europeanandindigenous(本土的)AustralianlanguagesandAustraliansignlanguageforthedeafinmainstreamschoolsaswellasthroughcommunitylanguageprograms.Foreignlanguagesaretaughtinbothprimaryandsecondaryschools.ThemostpopularlanguagesstudiedareJapanese,Chinese,French,Italian,German,Indonesian,Spanish,Vietnamese,ArabicandLatin.Around50%ofstudentsstudyaforeignlanguageatsometimeduringtheirprimaryandsecondaryschooling.Almost150languagesaretaughtinmainstreamandnon-mainstreamsettings.9.Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat.A.Australiabegantohavewavesofimmigrantsfrom1788B.mostAustraliansareimmigrantsfromaBritishbackgroundC.therewasn’tanyculturaldiversityinAustralianlifeuntilmoderntimesD.about6.6millionpeopleimmigratedtoAustraliaduringWorldWarII10.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.A.Australia’sestimatedresidentpopulationB.theeffectsofAustralia’simmigrationprogramC.theincreaseinsettlersandlong-termvisitorsD.thechangeinthesourcecountriesofimmigrants11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePopulationofAustralia.\nB.TheForeignLanguagesofAustralia.C.TheimmigrationPolicyofAustralia.D.TheculturalandLinguisticDiversityofAustralia.DRecentlyaccordingtoanewresearch,humanshavehadalinktostarches(含淀粉的食物)forupto120,000years—that’smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe’vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoilduringthetimeoftheiceAge’sdrawingtoanend.TheresearchispartofanongoingstudyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,inpresent-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths(壁炉)insidethecave,theresearchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”rangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprise—butratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengeneticbiologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans’digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers(块茎),thesecavecommunitiesweregillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.”Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.12.Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?A.AftertheIceAge.B.AftertheMiddleStoneAge.C.About20,000yearsago.D.About100,000yearsago.\n13.Whatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?A.Starchdietpromotedfoodculture.B.Starchdietshapedhumans’evolution.C.Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions.D.Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?A.Theyweresmartandtough.B.Theypreferredplantstomeat.C.Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy.D.Theygotalongwitheachother.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GreatCivilizationofSouthAfricaB.TheEvolutionofFoodsinHistoryC.Starches--theImportantFoodofTodayD.BigFindings--theStarchesinAncientTimesA【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了泰坦尼克号沉船事件在当时引起了极大的公众关注,泰坦尼克2号将采用最新的技术和安全装备,确保安全。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.这艘船是世界上最大的客船。”可知在当时泰坦尼克号是最大的客船,故答案为A。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.这一悲剧成为全世界的头条新闻。这艘船的故事激发了许多书籍、戏剧和电影的灵感。”可知泰坦尼克号沉船这件事在当时引起了极大的公众关注,结合选项可知答案为B。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.泰坦尼克2号将拥有最新的技术和安全装备,包括足够的机动救生艇供船上所有人使用。”可知泰坦尼克2号有足够的救生艇,更加安全,故答案为C。4.主旨大意题。文章的主要内容是:泰坦尼克号沉船事件在当时引起了极大的公众关注,泰坦尼克2号将采用最新的技术和安全装备,确保安全。由文章的主要内容可知本文着重强调泰坦尼克2号的诞生,结合选项可知答案为B。B【答案】5.C6.B7.C.A\n【解析】本篇是说明文。主要介绍了世界邮政体系形成的来龙去脉。5.主旨大意题。文章介绍了世界邮政体系的雏形,新发明及在各国的发展详情。选项A大意与本文无关;B涉及,但不能概括全文;D面太广,communicationmethods有很多种,不能切中大意。故选C。6.推理判断题。第四段的第三句Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.可知他对手把活老鼠放入信箱导致他生意失败。故选B。7.推理判断题。根据第四段第二句inasimilarwaytothemodernstamp可知,文章中提到的deVelayer's系统最像今天的邮政系统。故选C。8.细节理解题。根据第五段第五句becameaccessibletoanyonewhocouldwrite可知,罗兰·希尔最大的成就是他使一般人都能写信。故选A。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定的推理判断,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话,也可能是某几句话,所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等标志性词语。本题第2小题,第四段的第三句Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.可知他对手把活老鼠放入信箱导致他生意失败。故选B。C【答案】9.A10.D11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的文化,语言,宗教背景的多样性,其原因是澳大利亚被欧洲侵略过,并且制定了全球性的移民政策。不同地区的文化,语言相融合构成了多样的澳大利亚文化。9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“ImmigrationbeganwithEuropeansettlementin1788.”可知,澳大利亚的移民潮始于1788年欧洲人在这里的定居。故选A项。10.主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第三段内容可知,本段的中心主旨句应是“Thelast50yearshaveseenasignificantchangeinthesourcecountriesofpeoplewhochoosetocomehere.(过去50年来,移民来源国发生了重大变化。)”,并在后文内容用数字列举和时间顺序陈述了该主题。选项D“thechangeinthesourcecountriesofimmigrants”与该主题表达一致,合理概括该段内容。故选D项。11.主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,首段提出本文的中心话题“Australiaisasocietyofpeoplefromarichdiversityofcultural,ethnic,linguisticandreligiousbackgrounds.(\n澳大利亚是一个有着丰富的文化、种族、语言和宗教背景的人们的社会。)”,后文段落对该主题从其原因方面进行了详细的分析和介绍。选项D“TheculturalandLinguisticDiversityofAustralia.(澳大利亚文化和语言的多样性。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义,与主题表达一致。故选D项。D【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现人类和含淀粉类食物的关系可追溯到120,000多年前。比我们种植淀粉类植物的历史还要早100,000多年。12.细节理解题。根据文章第1段Recentlyaccordingtoanewresearch,humanshavehadalinktostarches(含淀粉的食物)forupto120,000years—that’smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe’vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoil可知,人类种植含淀粉食物晚了100,000多年。故时间大约是在20,000年前左右。故选C项。13.细节理解题。根据第3段Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans’digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch可知,原先对淀粉的猜测是人类的消化基因是为了适应不断增加的淀粉消化而逐渐进化的。故选B项。14.推理判断题。根据第4段ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers(块茎),thesecavecommunitiesweregillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals可知,早期人类可以与恶劣的环境作斗争,他们找到了适合他们的食物,并且知道了如何尽可能地平衡自己的饮食,食用当地鱼类和其他动物的脂肪。由此可知,他们很辛苦也很聪明。故选A项。15.主旨大意题。文章第1段说,研究发现人类和含淀粉类的食物关系可追溯到120,000多年前。比我们种植淀粉类植物的历史还要早100,000多年。后文还提到了,含淀粉类食物促进了人类的演化。综合分析可知,本篇讲述的是一个关于古代淀粉的发现。故选D项。