专题11交通与旅游【美文阅读1】MyFirstRidetoMalaysiabyTrainThereweresmilingchildrenalltheway.Clearlytheyknewatwhattimethetrainpassedtheirhomesandtheymadeittheirbusinesstostandalongtherailway,wavetocompletestrangersandcheerthemupastheyrushedtowardsPenang.①Oftenwholefamiliesstoodoutsidetheirhomesandwavedandsmiledasifthoseonthetrainsweretheirfavoriterelatives.ThisisthesimplevillagepeopleofMalaysia.Iwasmoved.IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.②ItwasnotlongbeforethetrainwasacrosstheCausewayandinMalaysia.JohoreBaru(柔佛巴鲁——马来西亚城市）wasjustanothercitylikeSingapore,soI③wastiredoflookingatthecrowdsofpeopleastheyhurriedpast.Aswewentbeyondthecity,Iwatchedthestraightrowsofrubbertreesandmilesandmilesofgreen.Thenthefirstvillagecameintosight.ImmediatelyIcamealive,Idecidedtowaveback.Fromthenonmyjourneybecameinteresting.Ithrewmymagazinesintothewastebasketanddecidedto④joininMalaysianlife.Theneverythingcamealive.Themountainsseemedtospeaktome.Eventhetreesweresmiling.IstaredateverythingasifIwaslookingatitforthefirsttime.ThedaypassedfastandIevenforgottohavemylunchuntilIfelthungry.Ilookedatmywatchandwassurprisedthatitwas3:00pm.SoonthetrainpulledupatButterworth.Ilookedatthepeopleallaroundme.Theyalllookedbeautiful.Whenmyunclearrivedwithasmile,Ithrewmyarmsaroundhimtogivehimawarmhug.Ihadneverdonethisbefore.Heseemedsurprisedandthenhisweather-beatenfacewarmedupwithahugesmile.Wewalkedarminarmtohiscar.I⑤lookedforwardtothereturnjourney.第一次坐火车去马来西亚\n一路行来，到处可见微笑的孩子们。他们清楚地知道火车经过他们家门的时间，那个时候就会站在铁路边向那些素昧平生的驶向槟榔屿的旅客们挥手欢呼。他们还常常会全家出动，站在门外挥手、微笑，好像火车上是他们最爱的亲人。这就是马来西亚淳朴的村民，我为之感动。之前我总是乘飞机或开车去马来西亚，这是我第一次坐火车。我特别不喜欢长途火车旅行，于是带上了一堆读过的、没读过的杂志，来消磨时光。我四下环顾，车厢里没有一张熟悉的面孔。我叹了口气，坐下来继续读那本《经济学》。不久之后，火车穿越新柔长堤，进入了马来西亚半岛。柔佛巴鲁是一个像新加坡一样的城市，车外人群熙熙攘攘，我丝毫提不起兴趣。穿过这座城市之后，一排排橡胶树、绵延数里的绿地映入了我的眼帘。随后我看到了第一个村庄，这时我立刻来了精神，我决定也向他们挥手致意。从那时起，我的旅程就开始变得有趣了。我把那些杂志扔进垃圾桶，决定融入马来西亚的生活。从此一切都开始充满了生机。青山好像在和我说话，树木也好像在向我微笑。我新奇地看着车外的一切，就好像是第一次看到它们一样。时间过得很快，直到感觉到饥肠辘辘的时候，我才想起还没有吃午饭。我看了看手表，吃惊地发现已经是下午3点了。不久火车在巴特沃思停了下来。我看着周围的人们。他们看起来是那样美丽。当叔叔面带微笑出现在我面前时，我抱住他，给了他一个大大的拥抱。以前我可从没有这样做过。他似乎有些吃惊，不过很快在他饱经风霜的脸上就浮现出了温暖而开心的笑容。我们挽着手臂朝他的车走去。我已经开始期待回程之旅了。重点单词:1.Penang[pɪ'næŋ]n.槟榔屿（位于马来西亚）2.relish['relɪʃ]vt.喜爱3.theCauseway['kɔːzweɪ]新柔长堤（沟通新加坡和马来半岛的纽带）4.Butterworth巴特沃斯（马来西亚地名）5.weather-beaten['weðə,bi:tən]adj.饱经风霜的重点短语/亮点句式：1.Oftenwholefamiliesstoodoutsidetheirhomesandwavedandsmiledasifthoseonthetrainsweretheirfavoriterelatives.他们还常常会全家出动，站在门外挥手、微笑，好像火车上是他们最爱的亲人。asif意为＂好像＂，引导方式状语从句，从句的谓语动词可以用真实语气也可以用虚拟语气。如：Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up.那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。Thebossspeaksaloudasifheisangry.\n老板说话声音很高，好像他真的生气了。2.ItwasnotlongbeforethetrainwasacrosstheCausewayandinMalaysia.不久之后，火车穿越新柔长堤，进入了马来西亚半岛。Itis/wasnotlongbefore….意为＂很快……，不久之后……＂。如：Itwon'tbelongbeforehereturnstothecourt.过不了多久，他就会返回球场。Itwasnotlongbeforetheygotmarried。不久以后，他们就结婚了。3.betiredof厌烦。如：Youmaybetiredofworkingforsomeoneelse.你可能厌倦了为别人工作。4.joinin加入；参加。如：Myparentsjoinmeinwishingyouahappyfuture.我和我父母都祝你未来幸福。Soonthewholecrowdjoinedintosingthesong.很快整个人群都加入进来唱这支歌。5.lookforwardto盼望，期待。这个词组中的to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。如：Ilookforwardtoyourguidance.我期待获得您的指导。Welookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.我们盼望着不久能收到您的回信。【美文阅读2】Thebiggestcruiseshipintheworld导读：关于世界之最你肯定知道不少，但你了解世界上最大的游轮吗？现在一起去游览一下吧。TheOasisoftheSeasistheworld’slargestcruiseship.Itcancarry①upto6,200passengers,whoareservedbyover2000crewmembers.②Thevesselis40%biggerthananyothercruiseshipintheworld,hasaweightof225,000tonsandisfivetimesthesizeoftheTitanic.Ithasatotalof15decksandisashighasatwenty-storeybuilding.TheshipwasbuiltinFinlandandisownedbyRoyalCaribbeanInternational.Its③maidenvoyagewasscheduledforearlyDecember2009.TheshipwasstationedinFortLauderdaleFlorida,\nfromwhereitwentonweek-longcruisesoftheCaribbeanSea.TheOasisoftheSeashasvirtuallyeverythingatouristcandreamof.Biggestattractionisagiantopen-airtheatrefor750passengersthatisaswimmingpoolbydayandanentertainmentarenaatnight.Passengerscanwanderthroughaparkfullofrealtreesandexoticplants,eatanddrinkin24restaurantsortravelupanddownbetweendecksinamovablebar.Thereissomethingforeveryone:asmallgolfcourse,abasketballcourt,anicerinkandtworock-climbingwalls.Motherscanleavesmallchildreninnurserieswhiletheygoshoppingintheship’sboutiques.ThebestandlatesttechnologymakestheOasisoftheSeasoneofthemostmodernshipsontheseas.But,thecaptainsays,it’sveryeasytomanoeuvrebecauseeverythingisautomatedandrunswithcomputers.TheownershopethattheOasisoftheSeaswillearnthemalotofmoney.Thevesselcostover1.5billiondollarstobuildandwithastartingpriceofabout1,700Eurosforaninedaycruiseitisnotexactlycheap.Butspendingaholidayontheworld’sbiggestshipshouldbeworthsomething.世界上最大的游轮海洋绿洲号是世界上最大的游轮。它最多可搭载6200名乘客。由2000多名机组人员为这些游客服务。该船大于世界上任何其他游轮的40％，重达225,000吨，是泰坦尼克号的5倍大。它共拥有15层甲板，高达二十层高的大楼。该船在芬兰建造，属于皇家加勒比国际游轮。它于2009年12月初进行了首航。该船驻扎在佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡，从那里继续为期一周的加勒比海巡航。海洋绿洲号上几乎有游客所梦想的一切。它的最大的吸引处是一个可以容纳750乘客的巨大的露天剧场。在白天它是一个游泳池，而在夜间它是娱乐竞技场。乘客可以漫步在充满了真正的树和异国情调的植物的公园中，吃喝在24家餐馆中或旅行在甲板之间一个可移动的酒吧中。船上有为每人提供的小型的高尔夫球场、篮球场、溜冰场和两堵攀岩墙。母亲可以把孩子留在托儿所，而他们却去船上的精品店去购物。最好的和最新的技术使海洋绿洲号成为海洋上最现代化的船舶之一。但是，船长说，它非常容易操纵，因为一切都是自动化的，在计算机上运行。该船的所有者希望海洋绿洲号赚很多钱。超过150亿美元建造的船舶成本，起拍价约1700欧元，一个9天的巡航，它并不便宜。但是，在世界上最大的船上度过假期，应该是值得的。【重点单词】1.arena[ə'riːnə]n.舞台；竞技场\n2.exotic[ɪg'zɒtɪk;eg-]adj.异国的；外来的3.boutique[buː'tiːk]n.精品店；专卖流行衣服的小商店4.manoeuvre[mə'nuːvə]v.操纵【重点短语/亮点句式】1.upto多达；直到。如：Thehotelcanaccommodateupto500guests.这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。Herclothesarealwaysrightuptotheminute.她的衣服总是式样最新的。2.Thevesselis40%biggerthananyothercruiseshipintheworld,hasaweightof225000tonsandisfivetimesthesizeoftheTitanic.该船大于世界上任何其他游轮的40％，重达225000吨，是泰坦尼克号的5倍大。该句子中biggerthananyother为比较级结构表示最高级含义；形容词或副词的比较级＋than+any(other)+单数可数名词/anyoftheother+复数名词/theothers/anyoftheothers.”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。fivetimesthesizeof为倍数的表达法。如：TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。3.maidenvoyage初航；首航。如：In1912,theTitanicsankonhermaidenvoyage.1912年，“泰坦尼克”号在处女航中失事沉没。【练习】1.—HowareyourrecenttriptoSichuan?—I’veneverhad__________onebefore.A.apleasantB.amorepleasantC.amostpleasantD.themostpleasant2.What’sthemostattractivepartofTheOasisoftheSeas?【答案】\n1.B句意：“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？——从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与amorepleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。2.Itisagiantopen-airtheatrefor750passengersthatisaswimmingpoolbydayandanentertainmentarenaatnight.“交通与旅游”话题包括国内外旅游、交通规则、指路与问路、咨询与预订食宿、行程描述等方面。这些话题与学生的日常生活关系密切。世界上的交通方式多种多样——雪橇、马车、自行车、汽车、轮船等等。轮子的发明和使用使人们的出行速度发生了翻天覆地的变化，轮子也是社会进步的推进者。远在天南地北、千里之外的新鲜果品，快速运到各地供人们尝鲜；上学、上班、旅游、物资运输、传递信息，可以风雨无阻，这些都是公共交通带给我们的好处，它既方便了人们的出行，又对减轻环境污染有重要的意义。高考英语通过这些话题让学生了解旅游的相关知识，培养学生热爱生活的健康情操。 “交通与旅游”这个话题常与阅读理解、完形填空、七选五、语法填空等相结合进行考查，分值所占比重较高。例如，写作可以才能够如下角度来命题：(1)酒店、景点、票务等的订购及费用；(2)太空旅游、生态旅游；(3)私家车激增的利与弊；(4)度假方式的变化及其原因；(5)旅游计划的拟订、准备及注意事项；(6)交通安全；(7)交通方式的变化及其对人们生活的影响；(8)问路与指路；(9)国外旅游注意事项、护照、签证的申办及其费用；(10)描述旅游经历。2018~2020的高考试题均涵盖有这一话题，其他年份的高考试题中，2017年北京卷书面表达，2017年浙江卷短文改错，2016年全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇；2016全国卷Ⅰ语法填空；2015年新课标卷I语法填空，2015年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇，2015年江苏卷阅读理解A篇，2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ完形填空；2014年江西卷阅读理解B篇，2014年安徽卷完形填空；2010四川卷完形填空等。【话题词汇】1.aboardprep.在(船、飞机、火车、汽车等)上2.abroadadv.在/到国外3.acceleratevt.&vi.(使)加速，加快4.accommodationn.膳宿5.adventuren.冒险；奇遇6.aeroplanen.(英)飞机\n7.agentn.代理人，经纪人8.aircraftn.飞机(单复数同形)9.airlinern.班机10.airportn.机场11.alternativen.选择；adj.可供选择的12.amazingadj.惊人的13.attractvt.吸引；引起14.attractiveadj.迷人的，有吸引力的15.baggage/luggagen.行李16.boardn.木板；布告牌；委员会；vt.上(船、火车、飞机等)17.bookvt.预订；预约18.braken.闸；vt.&vi.刹车19.cabn.(美)出租车20.carriagen.四轮马车；(火车)客车厢21.castlen.城堡22.canaln.运河23.crowdedadj.拥挤的24.delayvi.&n.拖延，延误，延迟，延期；耽搁25.destinationn.目的地，终点26.disadvantagen.不利条件；弱点27.fantasticadj.(口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的28.ferryn.渡船29.flightn.航班30.fountainn.喷泉31.guidancen.引导，指导32.guiden.向导，导游33.helicoptern.直升飞机34.impressiveadj.给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的35.insurancen.保险36.journeyn.旅行；路程37.landvi.着陆，登岸(陆)；降落38.lorryn.(英)运货汽车，卡车39.monumentn.纪念碑，纪念物40.museumn.博物馆，博物院\n41.obeyv.遵守42.outingn.郊游，远足43.packn.包，捆；vt.打包，包装44.palacen.宫，宫殿45.passengern.乘客，旅客46.passportn.护照47.passerbyn.过客，过路人48.pedestriann.步行者，行人49.pilotn.飞行员50.platformn.站台51.port/harborn.港口，码头52.pyramidn.金字塔53.queuen.行列，长队54.receptionn.接待55.reservevt.预订；保留56.routen.路线；路程57.satisfyvt.满足；使满意58.scenen.风景；景色59.sceneryn.风景，景色，风光60.secureadj.安全的；有把握的，牢靠的61.sightn.情景，风景；视力62.sightseeingn.游览，观光63.signn.符号，标记65.siten.地点；遗址66.spotn.地点；场所；vt.认出；发现67.stewardn.(火车、飞机、轮船等)男服务员；男乘务员68.subwayn.地铁69.suitcasen.(旅行用)小提箱，衣箱；行李箱70.templen.庙宇，寺院71.terminaln.终点站72.tipn.&vi.(给)小费73.tourn.参观，观光，旅行74.tourismn.旅游业；观光75.touristn.旅行者，观光者\n76.travellern.旅行者77.tripn.(短途)旅行，旅程78.truckn.卡车，运货车79.undergroundn.地铁；adj.地下的80.vehiclen.机动车81.visan.签证82.voyagen.航行；旅行1.adreamtrip梦想之旅2.aplaceofinterest名胜3.asummerresort避暑胜地4.amustseeplace必游之地5.appealto对……有吸引力7.beaimedat针对；旨在8.bestruckby被……迷住9.be/getstuckin被困在10.beyonddescription难以形容11.bookasingle/doubleroom预定一个单人/双人房间12.canceltheflight取消航班13.checkin登记入住14.checkout结账离开15.catchone’seye吸引某人的眼球16.contributeto引起；导致17.doubledeckertrain双层火车18.drivinglicense/permit驾照19.expresstrain特快列车20.economicclass经济舱21.goaboard上船、飞机、火车、汽车等22.haveagoodtime/havefun玩得很开心23.highspeedrail高铁24.holdup耽搁，推迟25.nonstopflight直达航班26.passengerplane客机\n27.putup投宿28.railwaystation火车站29.sailingboat帆船30.selfdrivingtravel自驾游32.travelagency旅行社33.travelbrochure旅行指南1.AsisknowntousallAsisknowntousall，MountHuashanisfamousforitsbreathtakingcliffsanditsuniquecharacteristics.正如大家所知道的，华山以它险峻的悬崖和它独一无二的特征而出名。2.on/upon＋名词或动名词Onarrivingatthetopofthehill，weweredeeplyattractedbythebeautifulscenery.一到达山顶，我们就深深地被这里美丽的风景所吸引。3.themoment引导时间状语从句Themomentwearrived，weweregivenawarmwelcomebythelocalpeople.我们一到达就受到了当地人的热烈欢迎。【写作必备】1.旅游与探险(tourismandadventure)(1)相关名词：travel,journey,trip,tour,travelagency(旅行社),guide,airlines/airways,flightticket,passport,visa,identity(ID)card(身份证),tent,camp,hotel,touristattraction(旅游景点）,placesofinterest,scenicspots(景点),nationalpark,DIYtour(自助游),spacetourism(太空旅游),group/organizedtour(团体游),aself-driventrip(自驾游)(2)相关动词短语：goonawildlifetour/ahikingtrip参加野生动物之旅/去远足；beonholiday/avisit度假/旅行；seesboff送行exploreaforest/adesert/anotherplanet森林/沙漠探险；外星球探险(3)相关形容词：interesting,exciting,attractive,fantastic,boring/dull,tiring,comfortable,funny,well-organized2.交通方式(methodsoftransportation)(1)walk/onfoot走路，步行(2)rideabike/bybike骑自行车(3)driveacar/bycar开小轿车(4)takeabus/bybus乘公共汽车\n(5)takeataxi/bytaxi乘出租车，打的(6)byboat/ship/water/sea坐船/走水路(7)transfer(在旅途中)转乘、换乘3.指路(showingtheway)(1)It’saboutfiveminutes’walk.(2)TakebusNo.2andgetoffatthenextstop.坐2路车，在下一站下车。(3)Turnrightatthesecondturning./Takethesecondturningontheright.(4)Go/Walkdown/alongtheroadandturnright.You’llseethepostoffice.4.交通安全(safetyrulesandwarnings)(1)safetyfirst安全第一(2)trafficlight交通灯，红绿灯(3)trafficrules/regulations交通规则(4)keepleft/right靠左/靠右(5)crossroad/crossing十字路(6)waituntilthegreenlight等到绿灯再走(7)trafficjam交通堵塞(8)trafficaccident交通事故I．阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMymotheralwayssaid,"Youyoungmenshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforesteppingoutintotheworld."Itseemedlikeatoughtask.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJulyin2017.Ijumpedattheopportunityandsecuredaninexpensiveticket.ExcitementwasatitspeakasIapproachedthetrainstationonthemorningwhenmy22-dayadventurewastobegin.Ijumpedonboardthepassengervessel(车厢)likeitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.Thetrainheadedwestinsearchofourfirstdestination—thescenictownofBanff,Alberta.Afterjustanhouronthetrain,desperationalreadycameonme.Thethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetracksbrokemyspirits.AsIgazedouttowardsLakeSuperior'sglistening(闪闪发亮)waves,IdecidedifIwastobestuckinhere,Iwouldneedtoenjoymy\ntime.Thosethreedaysturnedintoasummercamponrails.Realfriendshipswiththecrewwerebornwithinthattrain.Stopsweremadeinsmall,remoterailroadvillages.Alargegroupofstrangersturnedtravellingcompanionswouldrushtowardsthevillagestorewardourendlesspatiencewithlocalcuisine.Atnight,wewouldwalktotheglass-domed(玻璃穹顶)traincar,whichgaveascenicviewofthenightsky,untouchedbylightpollution.Afterthreedays,wearrivedinBanff.BeforemyadventureoftakingthetrainacrossCanada,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,Iwouldhave.Butthatisnolongertrue.I'velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.1.Whatmadetheauthor'straintrippossible?A.Theattractionofthesplendidscenery.B.Atime-limitedticketofferforyouths.C.Theencouragementfromhismother.D.Hisdeterminationtofacethetoughtasks.2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorasayoungman?A.Considerate.B.Determined.C.Smart.D.Adaptable.3.Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisadventure?A.Toenjoytravellingonhisown.B.Toskiptothefinaldestination.C.Toexploremoreintheprocess.D.Tobecontentwithtrainservice.BFifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimage\ninteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.4.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A.Hercamerastoppedworking.B.Awomanblockedherview.C.Someoneaskedhertoleave.D.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.5.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably___________.A.enjoyingherselfB.losingherpatienceC.waitingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpast6.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C.Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.7.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand____________.A.theneedtobeclosetonatureB.theimportanceofprivatespace\nC.thejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbeautyCIfyouhaven’theardorseenanythingaboutRoadRageinthelastfewmonths,you’veprobablybeenavoidingthemedia.Therehavebeencountlessstoriesaboutthisscaryphenomenon,consideredatypeofaggressivedriving.YouhavemostlikelyencounteredaggressivedrivingorRoadRagerecentlyifyoudriveatall.Whiledrunkdrivingremainsacriticalproblem,thefactsaboutaggressivedrivingaresurelyasdisturbing.Forinstance,accordingtotheNationalHighwayTransportationSafetyAssociation,41,907peoplediedonthehighwaylastyear.Ofthosedeaths,theagencyestimatesthatabouttwo-thirdswerecausedatleastinpartbyaggressivedrivingbehavior.Whyisthisphenomenonoccurringmorethanevernow,andwhyisitsomethingthatseemedalmostnonexistentafewshortyearsago?Expertshaveseveraltheories,andallareprobablypartiallycorrect.Onesuggestionisovercrowding.Inthelastdecade,thenumberofcarsontheroadshasincreasedbymorethan11percent,andthenumberofmilesdrivenhasincreasedby35percent.However,thenumberofnewroadmileshasonlyincreasedby1percent.Thatmeansmorecarsinthesameamountofspace;andtheproblemismoreseriousinurbanareas.Also,peoplehavelesstimeandmorethingstodo.Withpeopleworkingandtryingtofitextrachoresandactivitiesintotheday,stresslevelshaveneverbeenhigher.Stresscreatesanxiety,whichleadstoshorttempers.Thesefactors,whencombinedincertainsituations,canspellRoadRage.Youmaythinkyouarethelastpersonwhowoulddriveaggressively,butyoumightbesurprised.Forinstance,haveyoueveryelledoutloudataslowerdriver,soundedthehornlongandhardatanothercar,orspeduptokeepanotherdriverfrompassing?Ifyourecognizeyourselfinanyofthesesituations,watchout!Whetheryouaregettingangryatotherdrivers,oranotherdriverisvisiblyupsetwithyou,therearethingsyoucandotoavoidanymajorconflict.Ifyouaresusceptible(易受影响的)toRoadRage,thekeyistodischargeyouremotioninahealthyway.Ifyouarethetargetofanotherdriver’srage,doeverythingpossibletogetawayfromtheotherdriversafely,includingavoidingeyecontactandgettingoutoftheirway.8.ThefirstsentenceinPara.1impliesthat______.\nA.onemaybeangeredbymediareportsandwantstoavoidthemB.themediainventedtheterm“RoadRage”onlyafewmonthsagoC.peoplenotinterestedinthemediaknowlittleaboutrecenthappeningsD.RoadRagehasreceivedmuchmediacoverageinthelastfewmonths9.Theunderlinedword“spell”inPara.3means________.A.relieveB.preventC.spreadD.cause10.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesaggressivedriving?A.Talkingwhiledriving.B.Drivingathighspeed.C.Soundingthehornwhenpassing.D.Shoutingatanotherdriver.11.Thelastparagraphisintendedto_________.A.tellpeoplehowtodealwithRoadRageB.informpeoplehowaggressivedriverscouldbeC.showpeoplehowtocontrolthemselveswhenangryD.warnpeopleagainsteyecontactwithanotherdriverDAnewstudyhasfoundthatride-sharingservicesresultinmuchmorepollutionthanotherkindsofprivateandpublictransportation.Ride-sharingtripsalsodrawpassengersawayfrommoreenvironmentfriendlymethodsoftravel,likepublictransportation,walkingorbiking,thestudyfound.Severalstudiesinrecentyearshavesuggestedthatride-sharingserviceslikeUberandLyftcanworsentrafficproblemsincities.Thenewstudyrepresentsanattempttocenteronhowride-sharingservicesaffectpollution.Overall,theresearchersreportedthatride-sharingtripsnow"resultina69percentmoreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthetripstheyreplace."Thestudynotesthatthesamepassengerscouldhavechosentotravelbybus,train,bikeoronfoot.Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatride-sharingvehiclesareoftendrivenwithnopassengersinthecar.Thishappenswhendriversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers.Thissituation,knownas"deadheading,"takesupabout42percentofallride-sharingdrivingactivity,thestudyfound.Theresearcherssaidthatdeadheadingresultsinabout50percentmorecarbondioxidethanonepersondrivinginaprivate\nvehicle.BothUberandLyfthavesaidinthepastthatmoststudiesonthesubjectoverstate(夸大）theeffectsoftheirservicesonpollution.UbertoldReutersnewsagencyinastatementithadnocommentonthelatestreportandthatthestudymademisleadingclaimsaboutride-sharing.Meanwhile,thecompanysaiditwouldworkdirectlywithcitiestoaddressclimatechanges,promotingsharingtripsandothermeansoftransportation.12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Ride-sharingbecomesanewtrendthatcan’tbeavoided.B.Ride-sharingindustryismetwithcriticism.C.Ride-sharingservicesincreasepollution.D.Ride-sharingservicesneedimprovement.13.Theterm“deadheading”inthepassagerefersto________.A.adrivingprocesswherethedriverisnotcarryingpassengersB.apotentialriskthatthedrivermaylosecontrolofthevehicleC.aperiodofdrivinghourswhenvehiclesproducemorecarbondioxideD.asituationinwhichadriverhastoomanypassengerstopickup14.IntheeyesofUber,thelatestreportisactually________.A.barkingupthewrongtreeB.notseekingthetruthfromfactsC.killingtwobirdswithonestoneD.beatingaroundthebush15.Fromthestudyofride-sharingservices,wecaninferthat________.A.Ride-sharingattractsexactlythesamenumberofpeopleastraditionalmeansoftransport.B.thestudywasconductedtoprovetheinfluenceofride-sharingservicesonmoderncitiesC.ride-sharingserviceisnotanenvironmentallyfriendlywaytotravelD.thenewreporthasforcedUbertomakebigchangestoachieveitsgoalA【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】\n本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者的旅行经历，作者的心态从盼望快速到达目的地转变为关注旅途中的快乐。1.细节理解题。根据第一段的Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJulyin2017.Ijumpedattheopportunityandsecuredaninexpensiveticket.(但我很幸运，加拿大的ViaRail为18到25岁的青年提供在2017年穿越加拿大的火车旅行。我听到这个机会很高兴，并且获得了一张便宜的车票)可知，加拿大ViaRail为年轻人提供的限时低价车票让作者穿越加拿大的旅行成为可能。B.Atime-limitedticketofferforyouths.(一张为青年人提供的限时车票)符合以上说法，故选B项。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的AsIgazedouttowardsLakeSuperior'sglistening(闪闪发亮)waves,IdecidedifIwastobestuckinhere,Iwouldneedtoenjoymytime.(当我凝视苏必利尔湖畔闪闪发光的海浪时，我决定如果要呆在这里，我需要享受我的时间。)和第三段中的Thosethreedaysturnedintoasummercamponrails.Realfriendshipswiththecrewwerebornwithinthattrain.(那三天变成了铁轨上的夏令营。与乘务员的真正友谊源于那列火车。)可知，作者想办法度过在火车上的时间，使自己充满快乐。由此推测作者的适应性强。D.Adaptable.(有适应能力的)符合以上推测，故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I'velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.(我明白了关注旅途中的快乐比盼望到达目的地更有趣。)可知，作者明白了要在旅行中去探索更多的快乐。C.Toexploremoreintheprocess.(要在过程中探索更多的快乐)符合以上说法，故选D项。B【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。4.考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview可知作者正准备拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视野，选B。5.考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.可知这位女士可能玩儿的很开心，选A。6.考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.可知照片儿中这位女士的存在，使得这张照片儿更有生气。选C。7.考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeand\nthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.可知卧室墙上的照片儿能够让作者更好地明白分享的美好，选D。C【答案】8.D9.D10.D11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今收到广泛报道的路怒症现象。路怒症也被称为攻击性驾驶，虽然酒后驾驶仍然是一个严重的问题，但有关攻击性驾驶的事实同样令人不安。文章列举了美国因为攻击性驾驶导致的事故数据，以及分析了路怒症产生的原因、某些特征和应对措施。8.推理判断题。根据第一段中Therehavebeencountlessstoriesaboutthisscaryphenomenon,consideredatypeofaggressivedriving.可知关于这种可怕的现象有无数的故事，被认为是一种攻击性驾驶。由此可推知，第一段的第一句话表明，近几个月来，路怒症受到了媒体的广泛报道。故选D。9.词义猜测题。根据划线词上文Withpeopleworkingandtryingtofitextrachoresandactivitiesintotheday,stresslevelshaveneverbeenhigher.Stresscreatesanxiety,whichleadstoshorttempers.可知随着人们工作，并试图在一天中安排额外的家务和活动，压力水平从未如此之高。压力产生焦虑，导致脾气暴躁。由此可知，在某些情况下，这些因素结合在一起就会导致路怒症。即划线词意思为“造成，导致”。A.relieve减轻；B.prevent阻止；C.spread传播；D.cause造成，导致。故选D。10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Forinstance,haveyoueveryelledoutloudataslowerdriver,soundedthehornlongandhardatanothercar,orspeduptokeepanotherdriverfrompassing?Ifyourecognizeyourselfinanyofthesesituations,watchout!可知例如，你有没有对慢速驾驶的司机大声喊叫，对另一辆车猛按喇叭，或者加速以阻止另一名司机通过？如果你发现自己处于上述任何一种情况，请小心！由此可推知，D选项“对另一个司机大喊大叫”是攻击性驾驶的特征。故选D。11.推理判断题。根据最后一段Whetheryouaregettingangryatotherdrivers,oranotherdriverisvisiblyupsetwithyou,therearethingsyoucandotoavoidanymajorconflict.Ifyouaresusceptible(易受影响的)toRoadRage,thekeyistodischargeyouremotioninahealthyway.Ifyouarethetargetofanotherdriver’srage,doeverythingpossibletogetawayfromtheotherdriversafely,includingavoidingeyecontactandgettingoutoftheirway.可知无论你是对其他司机生气，还是其他司机明显对你生气，你都可以做一些事情来避免任何重大冲突。如果你易患路怒症，关键是用一种健康的方式发泄你的情绪。如果你是另一个司机愤怒的目标，尽一切可能安全地离开另一个司机，包括避免眼神接触和让路。由此可推知，最后一段目的在于告诉人们如何处理路怒症。故选A。D\n【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。研究发现，共享汽车的使用反而增加了污染。12.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewstudyhasfoundthatride-sharingservicesresultinmuchmorepollutionthanotherkindsofprivateandpublictransportation”。一项新的研究发现，共享汽车服务比其它类型的私人或公共交通造成的污染要大得多。第一段点明了文章的主旨，即共享汽车造成的污染更大，故选C项。13.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatride-sharingvehiclesareoftendrivenwithnopassengersinthecar.Thishappenswhendriversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers.Thissituation,knownas"deadheading,"”他们给出的导致这一结果的最大原因之一是共享汽车经常会空驶。这种情况要么发生在司机等单时，要么发生在前去接乘客时。这种情况被称为“空驶”。所以deadheading指的是司机没有载乘客情况下的驾驶。故选A项。14.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BothUberandLyfthavesaidinthepastthatmoststudiesonthesubjectoverstatetheeffectsoftheirservicesonpollution.”Uber和Lyft公司过去都曾说过，关于这一主题的大多数研究都夸大了其服务对环境污染的影响。所以Uber公司认为这个研究不实事求是。故选B项。15.推理判断题。根据第三段“Overall,theresearchersreportedthatride-sharingtripsnow"resultina69percentmoreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthetripstheyreplace.”研究人员报告称，总体而言，目前共享汽车出行比它们所替代的出行服务平均多产生了69%的污染。可知，共享汽车并不是环保的出行方式。故选C项。
