考前提分必刷题(八)对应学生用书(单独成册)第225页Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thesurroundingsachildgrowsupinhaveaneffectonhisdevelopment.2．Ithinkweshouldtakemoremeasurestofightagainstillegalhunting.3．Ifeveryoneobservestrafficrules，thenumberoftrafficaccidentswillreducegreatly.4．Recentlytheyhaveheldafierceargumentabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofads.5．Personally，Isupportyourproposal，forIthinkitwillworkwell.6．Youareonlyslightly(稍微)overweightforyourheight.7．Whathedidtothepoorimpressed(给……留下深刻印象)medeeply.8．Hedidallhecantoplease(使高兴)hisboss.9．Sheisawomanofgreatachievements(成就)．10．Weallhopethatyoucandeliver(发表)aspeechtous.Ⅱ.单句改错(请按照高考要求在原句上修改)1．Thesupermarketoffersvariousgoodstochoose，somoreandmorepeopleprefertoshopthere.答案：Thesupermarketoffersvariousgoodstochoose，somoreandmorepeopleprefertoshopthere.2．Ateam，consistedoftwodoctorsandthreepolicemen，wassenttosearchforthelostexplorers.答案：Ateam，或oftwodoctorsandthreepolicemen，wassenttosearchforthelostexplorers.3．Ifyou'refreeattwoo'clockonFriday，Ishallbedelightfultoshowyouaroundthecity.答案：Ifyou'refreeattwoo'clockonFriday，Ishallbetoshowyouaroundthecity.4．Hehasgotatelescope，butdoesnotknowhowtodowithit.答案：Hehasgotatelescope，butdoesnotknowtodowithit.5．Devotingtohisscientificwork，hehasnotimetocareforhisfamilyaffairs.答案：或tohisscientificwork，hehasnotimetocareforhisfamilyaffairs.Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据语境写出加黑词的词性及词义)1．engage(熟义：vt.从事)Apersonalcomputerengageshisinterestnow.vt.吸引2．escape(熟义：v.逃跑；逃脱)Hisnameescapesmeforthemoment.v.被忘掉；被忽视3．excuse(熟义：n.借口v．原谅)Whaleyrecallshowatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.v.允许……离开4．express(熟义：v.表达)\nIsthereanexpressfromNanjingtoShanghai？n.快车5．explode(熟义：v.爆炸，爆裂)I'mabouttoexplode！Hebrokemyviolin.v.勃然大怒；大发雷霆Ⅳ.重点句式1．据说这里的大部分人骑自行车上班而不是开车。(ratherthan)Itissaidthatmostpeopleheregotoworkbybicyclerather__than__by__car．2．直到河里的鱼都死了农民们才意识到污染的严重性。(not...until...)Thefarmersdidn't__realizehowseriousthepollutionuntil__all__the__fish__in__the__river__had__died．3．只有当警察到来时，兴奋的人群才平静下来。(only引导状语从句位于句首)Onlywhenthepolicecamedid__the__excited__crowd__calm__down．对应学生用书(单独成册)第226页Ⅴ.阅读理解(2020·河北“五个一名校联盟”二模)ThenumberofBritishstudentsgoingtoUSuniversitieshasbeenclimbingsteadilyoverthepastdecade.From8，861in2009－2010，thelatestavailablefigures(from2017－2018)，show11，460BritishstudentsarechoosingtostudyintheUnitedStates.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3percent)fromthepreviousyear，showingthat，evenwiththeweakpound，Americandegreesremainapopularoption.AmongthemostpopularAmericanuniversitiesforBritishstudentsaresomeofthemostinfluential—Harvard，Yale，Princeton，Stanford—andalsoinstitutionswithenviablelocations—NewYorkUniversityinNewYorkCity，ortheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles，forexample.Twothingsseemtomotivateyoungpeopletoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincreasingavailabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstudents.AnthonyNemecek，aneducationexpert，explains，“WhiletherearemanyreasonsBritishstudentsconsiderhighereducationstudyintheUS，withoutquestiontheprimaryreasontheyidentifyisthebreadth(广度)ofchoiceonoffer，bothsubjectsandinstitutions，aswellasnothavingtocommittotheir‘major/course’untiltheendofthesecondyear.”OnereasonwhyBritsmaybeunwillingtopursue(追求)aUSdegreeisthecostdifferential，butthisproblemismorecomplexthanitmayatfirstappear.TheUniversityofOxford，forexample，estimates(估算)livingcostsof￡14，850in2020，alongwithcoursefeesof￡9，250，soatotalof￡24，100.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)，aworldleadingspecialistinscience，costs$73，160(￡59，447；morethantwiceasmuchasOxford)—butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.MITishometoafinancialaidprogrammeforinternationalstudents，makingitagreatplacetoapplyifmoneyisnotenough.BritishstudentsalsopraisethelongtermbenefitsofanAmericanuniversitydegree.StudyintheUSoffersachancetobeinvolvedinalongexistinginternship(实习)system.[语篇类型] 议论文[主题语境] 人与社会——教育——去美国读大学的英国学生的人数上升的原因[语篇解读] 近年来，选择去美国读大学的英国学生的人数不断上升。为何呢？文章主要分析了学业机会选择、助学金等方面的原因。1．HowmanyBritishstudentswenttoUSuniversitiesin2016－2017?A．11，495. B．11，460.C．11，425.D．14，898.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，\n2017－2018年度到美国大学留学的英国学生有11460人，第三句中的“Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3percent)fromthepreviousyear”提到，这比上一年度的人数少了0.3%，由此可知，上一年度要高出0.3%。故选A。答案：A2．WhyisNewYorkUniversityattractivetoBritishstudents?A．Itchargeslowfees.B．ItisinNewYorkCity.C．Itisamongthemostinfluential.D．Ithassometopinstitutions.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，NewYorkUniversity是对“andalsoinstitutionswithenviablelocations”的举例，其位于纽约市，拥有令人羡慕的地理位置。故选B。答案：B3．WhatmayhappentoaBritattendingMITinsteadofOxford?A．Hewillsufferfinancialproblems.B．Thefinancialaidisnoteasytoget.C．Thelivingcostswillbetwiceasmuch.D．Heislikelytopaylessthanrequired.解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)，aworldleadingspecialistinscience，costs$73，160(￡59，447；morethantwiceasmuchasOxford)—butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid...makingitagreatplacetoapplyifmoneyisnotenough.”可知，从数据上来说，在麻省理工学院上学的费用很高(59447英镑)，但来这里留学的外国学生有机会申请助学金，大多数留学生实际花的费用要少些。答案：D4．Whichcanserveasthebesttitleforthetext?A．BritishStudentsStudyinginUSUniversitiesB．DifferencesbetweenUSandBritishUniversitiesC．WhyAreBritishStudentsGoingtoUSUniversities?D．WhichAreMoreAttractive，USUniversitiesorBritishOnes?解析：标题归纳题。本文第一段提出话题——越来越多的英国学生选择到美国上大学。接下来几段就此分析原因。C项作为标题最合适。答案：C词汇积累：Para.4：onoffer提供的，可买到，可使用Thefollowingisalistofcoursescurrentlyonoffer.以下是目前所开设课程的清单。熟词生义：Para.1：pound常用义：n.英镑；磅 文章义：n.英镑与外币的比值thestrength/weaknessofthepound(againstothercurrencies)英镑坚挺/疲软难句分析：WhiletherearemanyreasonsBritishstudentsconsiderhighereducationstudyintheUS，withoutquestiontheprimaryreasontheyidentifyisthebreadthofchoiceonoffer，bothsubjectsandinstitutions，aswellasnothavingtocommittotheir“major/course”untiltheendofthesecondyear.(Para.4)分析：这是个主从复合句。while“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。主句中reason后跟省略了关系词的定语从句theyidentify，主句中aswellas连接并列成分。译文：尽管英国学生考虑在美国接受高等教育的原因有很多，但毫无疑问他们认为最主要的原因是美国大学提供的课程和学院选择自由度高，而且直到第二学年结束时才需要选择专业或主修科目。\nⅥ.阅读七选五(2020·长沙四校联考)HowtoAvoidDistractions(使人分心的事)Nowadays，itcanbetougherthanevertofocuswithoutgettingdistracted.Manyofthethoughts，behaviorsanddevicesthatplayanimportantroleindailylifeturnouttobedistractions.Herearesometipsonhowtoavoiddistractions.Createadistractionfreeenvironment.Shutoffyourphoneandotherelectronicequipment.Beforeyoudiveintoworking，cleaning，writingorwhateverelseyouneedtodo，turnofforsilenceyourcellphoneandanythingelsethatmightprovetobeadistraction.ThisincludestheTV，videogames，etc.__1__Findoutwhereyouworkbest.Pickaplacewhereyoucanworkcomfortablyforlongperiodsoftime.Thiscouldbeasmallcornerdesk，awelllitsunroomoryourfavoritecoffeeshop.Thepointistosurroundyourselfwithanatmospherethatmakescompletingtaskseasier.__2__Forexample，tryingtoworkinaquietbedroommayjustmakeyousleepy.Makesureyouwon'tbeinterrupted.Whenyouhavebigprojectsthatdemandfocus，stayinaquietplace.Ifyouworkinanoffice，forinstance，shuttingthedoorcanrelaythemessagethatyou'dprefernottobebothered.__3__However，youshouldatleastbeabletosingleoutwhichinteractionsarenecessaryandwhicharen't.Focuswithintention.__4__Manypeoplenevertrulylearnhowtostayfocusedandfinditdifficulttokeeptheirmindsfromwandering.Trytoshutoffyourownmentaldistractionssothatyoucanconcentrateoncheckingitemsoffyourtodolist.__5__Mostpeopleareonlyabletostayfocusedforafewhoursaday，sobesurethatyou'remakingthebestuseofthattime.Ifyou'reamorningperson，wakeupandgetbusyasearlyasyoucan.Nightowlscandividetheirtasksupbetweenregularworkinghoursandfreetimeaftereveryoneelsehasgonetobed.A．Setasidespecifictimestowork.B．Dothemostimportantworkfirst.C．Youhavetoremindyourselftoactivelyfocussometimes.D．Technologymaybethebiggestdistractioninmodernsociety.E．Becarefulofsurroundingsthatcandullyourfocusinotherways.F．Thismaynotalwaysbepossibleifyoushareaspacewithcoworkers.G．Anidealworkingenvironmentisonewhereyoucanworkmosteffectively.[语篇类型] 说明文[主题语境] 人与自我——日常生活——如何避免自己被干扰[语篇解读] 文章介绍了避免自己被干扰的小贴士，比如创造无干扰的环境、找到适合自己的工作地点等。1．解析：考查细节支撑句。上文提到“yourphoneandotherelectronicequipment”“theTV，videogames”，这些会造成干扰，故D项“科技可能是现代社会最大的干扰”符合语境。D项中的technology是对上文电子产品的概括。答案：D2．解析：考查细节支撑句。根据空后所举的例子可知，在安静的卧室里工作可能会犯困，故可推测空处应为E项“小心那些会在其他方面分散你注意力的周围环境”。答案：E\n3．解析：考查承上启下句。空前提到，如果在办公室工作，关上门可以传递你不想被打扰的信息。空后however表示转折，指出“我们至少可以区分必要和非必要的互动”，故可知F项“如果你和同事共用一个空间，这也许不总是可能的”符合语境。F项中的this指代空前的shuttingthedoor。答案：F4．解析：考查细节支撑句。C项“有时你必须提醒自己要积极地集中注意力”与本段小标题“Focuswithintention.”对应。答案：C5．解析：考查段落主旨句。本段主要描述了适合不同时间安排的人可以结合自己的特点，在最高效的时段里工作，故A项最能概括本段内容。答案：A词汇积累：Para.4：singlesb./sth.out单独挑出Hewassingledoutastheoutstandingperformerofthegames.他被评选为这次运动会表现最出色的运动员。Para.5：concentrate(sth.)onsth.把注意力集中于，全神贯注于Doctorsareaimingtoconcentratemoreonthepreventionthanthecure.医生打算把更多的精力放在疾病的预防而非治疗上。熟词生义：E选项：dull常用义：adj.枯燥的，暗淡的 文章义：v.减轻；(使)变麻木Thetabletstheygavehimdulledthepainforawhile.他们给他的药片暂时缓解了疼痛。Herfearandanxietydulledhermind.恐惧和焦虑使她的头脑变得麻木了。\n[更上层楼]语篇框架及主旨考试和学习都离不开语篇分析，语篇分析就是我们通过分析文章的段落和句子的排列方式、文章中的衔接、文章的语言特点以及文章的组织结构，与作者进行交流的过程。在这个过程中，我们需要站到作者的角度去理解问题并表达观点。一、关注作者的预先设定。预先设定指的是作者在写作过程中的构思，即文章的结构组织形式，如：作者是怎样引出话题的？怎样论证的？怎样结尾的？这样，我们在读文时就会高瞻远瞩，促进对文章的整体理解及主旨的迅速把握。二、关注文章的转承启合，读懂作者的观点态度。作者的态度或明或暗地体现在文章的转承启合上。只有正确把握了转承启合，才能正确聚焦文本内容，从而正确地理解作者的观点态度。另外，关注重点词汇的感情色彩可以辅助我们了解作者的观点及想法，重点词汇主要指动词、形容词及副词。三、关注语篇的体裁。不同的体裁有不同的行文方式。如议论文通常先提出论点，然后进行论证(多数会结合论据展开)。判定了体裁，阅读时就可采用针对性的阅读方式(略读、扫读、跳读等)进行阅读，达到省时高效的目的。例如，根据以上知识而做出的本节阅读理解框架的梳理如下：
