考前提分必刷题(二)对应学生用书(单独成册)第211页Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Ifwehaveapositiveattitudetowardslife，wecanovercomewhateverdifficultywemeet.2．Shepreferstoshoponlineratherthangotostores.3．Heisadeterminedman.Oncehemakesuphismind，henevergivesup.4．Iwanttoexpressmythankstoyouforyourkindhelp.5．I'mwritingtoexpressmycongratulationstoyouforyourpassingtheexam.6．Itwasyouwhopersuaded(说服)metogiveupsmoking.7．Asamonitor，Iorganized(组织)manyactivitiesandgainedmuchexperience.8．Theactivityisscheduled(时间安排在)onMay15th.9．Iamextremely(极度地)excitedtohearthenewsthatIhavebeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.10．Maryisalwaysburied(埋头于)inherstudy.Ⅱ.单句改错(请按照高考要求在原句上修改)1．Onaverage，howmanytimedoyouspendonsportsactivitieseachweek?答案：Onaverage，howtimedoyouspendonsportsactivitieseachweek?2．Whendeeplyabsorbinginwork，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.答案：Whendeeplyinwork，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.3．Iapproveyourtryingtoearnsomemoney，butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.答案：Iapproveyourtryingtoearnsomemoney，butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.4．Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachtofindworkmustchangeaswell.答案：Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachtoworkmustchangeaswell.5．Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccusedforcheatingcustomers.答案：Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccusedcheatingcustomers.Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据语境写出加黑词的词性及词义)1．appeal(熟义：v.恳求，呼吁)Theideaofcampinghasneverappealedtome.v.对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣2．arm(熟义：n.手臂)Laydownyourownarms，orwe'llfire！n.武器3．available(熟义：adj.可得到的；可找到的)Couldyouputforwardsomesuggestionstousonourpresentplanwhenyouareavailable？adj.(人)有空的\n4．back(熟义：n.背)Whatsatisfiedhimwasthatmanyofhisfriendsbackedhisplan.v.支持5．badly(熟义：adv.差)Sinceourschoolisanewone，Englishteachersarebadlyneededinourschool.adv.迫切，很Ⅳ.重点句式1．就我个人而言，这项计划很难实施。(be＋adj.＋不定式)AsfarasIamconcerned，the__plan__is__difficult__to__carry__out．2．经过长期的战乱之后，利比亚人民迫不及待地想过上平静的生活。(canhardly/notwaittodosth./forsth.)ThepeopleofLibyacould__hardly/couldn't__wait__to__live__a__peaceful__lifeafteralongwar.3．这些电视节目并非全都受人们的欢迎。(部分否定)AlltheseTVprogramsare__not__popular__withpeople.对应学生用书(单独成册)第212页Ⅴ.阅读理解Chinesescientistsappliedaspeciallydevelopednewtechnologytolaserranging(激光测距)telescopes，whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacewastemoreeffectivelythanprevioustechniques，accordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofLaserApplications.“Afterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescopethroughaneural(神经的)network，spacedebris(碎片)withacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeter(10squarefeet)andadistanceof1，500kilometers(932miles)canbeidentified，”TianmingMa，anauthorofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping，BeijingandLiaoningTechnicalUniversity，Fuxin，saidinastatement.Debriscanincludenonfunctionalspacecraft，abandonedlaunchvehiclestages，andothermissionrelatedspacewaste.ItisverydangerousforastronautsandspacecraftinorbitabovetheEarthastheytravelveryfast—upto18，000milesperhour.Worryingly，thereareprobablymanymillionsoftinydebrispiecesinlowEarthorbit，andtensofthousandslargerthanasoftball，NASAsaid.Fortunately，therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.Laserrangingtechnologyhaspreviouslybeenusedtofindspacewaste.However，thesesystemshavetheirlimitationswhenitcomestoaccuratelyidentifyingsmall，fastmovingpieces.Infact，previouslaserrangingmethodshaveonlybeenaccuratetowithinabout0.6miles.Inanattempttoovercometheinaccuraciesinlaserrangingtechniques，theChineseteamusedsocalledneuralnetworkstoimprovetheeffectivenessoftheirtelescopesystem.Neuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhichareinspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrain.Theycanlearntobecomebetterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.MaandhisteamtestedthismethodagainstmoretraditionaltechniquesattheBeijingFangshenlaserrangetelescopestation.Accordingtotheteam，thisisthefirsttimethatneuralnetworkhasbeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethepointingaccuracyofalaserrangingtelescope.Theysaythatthelatestfindingscouldhavesignificantmeaningforguidingspacecraftinorbit.[语篇类型] 说明文[主题语境] 人与社会——科技与生活——用新技术识别太空垃圾[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了中国科学家在激光测距望远镜上应用了新技术，从而能更有效地识别太空垃圾。\n1．Whatarelaserrangingtelescopesdesignedtodo?A．Setupaneuralnetworkinspace.B．Findouttheprecisepositionofspacewaste.C．Helpthetelescopesworkmoreaccurately.D．Confirmtheamountandsizeofspacewaste.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacewastemoreeffectivelythanprevioustechniques”和第三段中的“Laserrangingtechnologyhaspreviouslybeenusedtofindspacewaste.”可知，激光测距望远镜被用来识别和确定太空垃圾的位置，这种新技术让太空垃圾的识别和位置确定更为精确，故答案为B。答案：B2．Whichcanberegardedasspacedebrisaccordingtothetext?A．Uselessmanmadeobjectsinspace.B．Fasttravellingsoftballs.C．LaunchvehiclestagesinlowEarthorbit.D．Satellitesmovingtoofast.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Debriscanincludenonfunctionalspacecraft，abandonedlaunchvehiclestages，andothermissionrelatedspacewaste.”可知，太空碎片包括不运转的航天器、废弃的运载火箭段和其他与太空任务相关的太空垃圾。由此可知，太空中无用的人造物体也是太空碎片。答案：A3．Whatcanbeusedtodescribethefunctionofneuralnetworks?A．Rulefollowers.B．Biologicalcomputing.C．Machinelearning.D．Spacecraftguidance.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Neuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhichareinspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrain.Theycanlearntobecomebetterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.”可知，神经网络是受大脑生物网络启发的数据处理系统，它们可以在不被给予特定规则的情况下学会更好地完成任务，由此可推知，神经网络具有“机器学习”的功能。答案：C4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．NewTechnologyUsedtoFindSpaceWasteB．TheFirstTelescopetoHandleSpaceDebrisC．AnInventionforAstronautsandSpacecraftD．TheSubstituteforLaserrangingTelescopes解析：标题归纳题。根据上下文可知，文章主要介绍了中国科学家使用新技术使得激光测距望远镜能更有效地识别太空垃圾。故答案为A。答案：AⅥ.阅读七选五(2020·河北九校二次联考)September23marksthestartofanewseason.__1__InGreatBritain，thethirdseasonoftheyearusuallyhasonlyonename:autumn.ButifyoutravelacrosstheAtlantic，you'llfindthatpeopleusebothfallandautumninterchangeablywhenreferringtothistimeofyear，makingittheonlyseasonintheEnglishlanguagewithtwowidelyacceptednames.__2__AccordingtoDictionary.com，fallisn'tamodernnamethatfollowedthemoretraditionalautumn.Thetwotermsareactuallyfirstrecordedwithinafewhundredyearsofeachother，withthetermfallbeingusedevenabitearlier.__3__ThewordisofGermanicoriginandmeant“picking”or“collecting”，anodtotheactofgatheringandpreservingcropsinthefieldbeforewinter.Inthe1500s，Englishspeakersbeganreferringtotheseasonseparatingthehotandcold\nmonthsaseitherthefalloftheleaforthespringoftheleaf，orfallandspringforshort.__4__Bytheendofthe1600s，autumn，fromtheFrenchword“automne”andtheLatin“autumnus”，hadovertakenfallasthestandardBritishtermforthethirdseason.AroundthesametimeEnglandadoptedautumn，thefirsteverBritishAmericancolonists(殖民者)werevoyagingtoNorthAmerica.__5__Whiletheformerfelloutoffashionoverseas，itestablisheditselfinthelocalvocabularybythetimeAmericawonitsindependence.Today，usingbothwordstodescribetheseasonbeforewinterisstillauniqueAmericanbehavior.A．TheAmericanspreferusingfalltousingautumn.B．Withthemtheybroughtthewordsfallandautumn.C．Sowhatisitabouttheseasonthatmakesitsospecial?D．Butforsomereason，onlyspringhadstayingpowerinBritain.E．Itistimetogatherapples，riceandotherthingsforthefarmers.F．However，whatexactlyyoushouldcallthatseasondependsonwhereyouare.G．Beforeeitherwordappeared，theseasonbetweensummerandwinterwasknownasharvest.[语篇类型] 说明文[主题语境] 人与社会——文化——秋天在英语中的叫法[语篇解读] 文章介绍了秋天在英语中两种不同的叫法及其历史渊源。1．解析：考查细节支撑句。空前提到了anewseason，空后讲大不列颠和大西洋彼岸对这一季节叫法的不同，故F项符合语境，选项中的thatseason和dependsonwhereyouare分别与文中内容对应。答案：F2．解析：考查承上启下句。空前提到秋天有两种叫法，下文是对此的解释，C项“那么是什么让这个季节变得如此特别”连接上下文，符合题意。答案：C3．解析：考查段落主旨句。上文提到了一个季节的两种叫法，结合下文的theword可知，空处所填句中应用一个有关秋季另一种叫法的单词，G项“在两个词出现之前，夏季和冬季之间的季节被称为harvest”符合题意。答案：G4．解析：考查细节支撑句。上文讲到在16世纪，以英语为母语的人开始用树叶的落下(简称fall)或生长(简称spring)来指代炎热和寒冷的月份之间的那个季节，空后提到了17世纪末，autumn取代fall成为指代第三个季节的标准英国用词，由此推断，空处应说明spring该词的情况，故选D。答案：D5．解析：考查细节支撑句。空前讲大约在英格兰采用autumn来指代秋天的同一时间，第一批去美国的英国殖民者开始漂洋过海到了北美，空后提到前一个词虽然在大洋彼岸不再流行，但却在美国独立后站稳了脚跟。B项中的them、they对应了空前的thefirsteverBritishAmericancolonists，B项中的fall对应了空后的theformer。答案：B难句分析：Inthe1500s，Englishspeakersbeganreferringtotheseasonseparatingthehotandcoldmonthsaseitherthefalloftheleaforthespringoftheleaf，orfallandspringforshort.(Para.3)分析：本句主干是“Englishspeakersbeganreferringtotheseasonaseitherthefalloftheleaforthespringoftheleaf.”。现在分词短语separatingthehotandcoldmonths作后置定语修饰theseason。forshort意为“简称”。译文：在16世纪，以英语为母语的人开始用树叶的落下(简称fall)或生长(简称spring)来指代炎热和寒冷的月份之间的那个季节。[更上层楼]\n破解长难句之“插入、同位和分割”插入语：从命题角度来看插入语的两个逗号或两个破折号就相当于两个括号，表示对插入语前面的解释和说明。从长难句的处理角度来看，插入语扮演的角色就是可以作为整体提出来放到一边最后处理，例如：She，Ithink，hasnofeelingforyourtrouble.我想，她对你的遭遇无动于衷。同位语：一般情况下，跟在某些名词后表示该名词内容或身份的词或句都叫同位语。例如：Peoplehere，menandwomen，oldandyoung，supportedtheproject.这儿的男女老少都支持这项工程。分割：在句子本该连在一起的成分中间加入其他成分，常见的分割有：主谓分割、动宾分割、定语(从句)分割等。例如：Thetheory，formedthousandsofyearsago，whichpeoplebelievedin，isnowprovedtobewrongbymanyscientists.分析：formedthousandsofyearsago是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰thetheory；whichpeoplebelievedin是非限制性定语从句，也修饰thetheory。本句主干是“Thetheoryisnowprovedtobewrongbymanyscientists.”。译文：几千年前人们深信不疑的理论现在被很多科学家证明是错误的。 “Afterimprovingthepointingaccuracyoftelescopethroughaneuralnetwork，spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeter(10squarefeet)andadistanceof1，500kilometers(932miles)canbeidentified，”TianmingMa，anauthorofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping，BeijingandLiaoningTechnicalUniversity，Fuxin，saidinastatement.(阅读理解Para.1)分析：直接引语部分是一个复杂的简单句，主语是spacedebris，谓语是canbeidentified，with介宾短语withacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeter(10squarefeet)andadistanceof1，500kilometers(932miles)作后置定语修饰主语，after介宾短语为时间状语。anauthorofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping，BeijingandLiaoningTechnicalUniversity，Fuxin是TianmingMa的同位语。句意：位于北京的中国测绘科学研究院和位于阜新市的辽宁工程科技大学进行了联合研究，该研究的作者之一马天明在一份声明中说，“在通过神经网络提高望远镜的指向精度之后，我们可以探测到横截面积1平方米(10平方英尺)和1，500千米(932英里)远的空间碎片。”
