考前提分必刷题(九)对应学生用书(单独成册)第227页Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Fromnowon，Iwillworkharderandfocusmyattentiononmystudy.2．You'llregretsoonerorlater，ifyoualwaysmakedecisionswithoutcarefulthought.3．Hisbosswassatisfiedwithhisjobanddecidedtogivehimanimportantjob.4．Ifyoucometomycity，I'llentertainyouwithagoodperformanceanddeliciousfood.5．Hearinghisconvincingexplanationabouthisabsencefromschool，theteacheragreedtogivehimasecondchance.6．Thoughheisyoung，heisstruggling(拼搏)tosupportalargefamily.7．Pleasewritedownyourname，ageandoccupation(职业)here.8．Thespecialistswillmakecomments(评论)onyourworks.9．Weshouldnevercontent(满足)ourselveswithwhatwehavelearned.10．She'sfortunate(幸运的)enoughtohaveverygoodhealth.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Unlesschildrenbelievetheycansucceed，theywillneverbecomeconfident(confidence)．2．Hetrickedherintomarryinghimbypretendingthathewasrich.3．Theheavysnowlastedforaweek，causing(cause)aserioustrafficconfusioninthearea.4．Heisaverycautious(caution)man；healwaysthinkscarefullybeforehemakesadecision.5．Forourhomeworktonight，wehavetowriteadescription(describe)ofthestreetwherewelive.Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据语境写出加黑词的词性及词义)1．expand(熟义：v.扩大，扩张)Heexpandedonhisnewtheory.v.充分阐述2．experience(熟义：[U]经验)ThebestofaKilimanjaroexperience，inmyopinion，isn'treachingthetop.[C]经历3．fail(熟义：v.失败)Wordsfailmerightatthesightofthisbeautifulscenery.vt.有负于4．favor(熟义：n.恩惠，善行)OfthetwopossibleplansIfavorthefirst.v.支持，喜欢5．fill(熟义：v.填满)Hisanswerdidnotfillourneed.vt.满足Ⅳ.重点句式1．这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。(省略)WillyoubefreethisSunday？If__so，let'sgocamping.2．正如我们所期待的那样，他们及时地来帮助我们。(as)As__was__expected，theycametohelpusintime.3．那场大火持续了近一周，没有剩下什么值钱的东西。(v.ing短语作状语)Thefirelastednearlyaweek，leaving__nothing__valuable．对应学生用书(单独成册)第228页\nⅤ.阅读理解A(2020·开封一模)Cattlemanure(粪肥)hasbecomeoneoftheworld'sgreatestenvironmentalkillers，butoneDutchartistisusingchemistrytoturnitintosomethingthatisbothecofriendlyandvaluable.Inrecentyears，scientistsaroundtheworldhavemadegreatprogressintheirattemptstorecyclecattlemanure，includingturningitintonaturalfertilizer，buttheartistJalilaEssaïdiinEindhovendidn'tthinktheywereefficientenoughtosolvetheglobalmanureproblem.Soshestartedonherveryownsolution，onethatapproachedanimalwasteasavaluablematerialthatcouldbeprocessedintousefulproducts.Shestartedbyseparatingthewaste，withthedrymanureusedtogetpurecellulose(纤维素)fromthegrassthatcowseat.Fromthewetmanure，shegotacidsusedtocreateanaturalliquidplasticwhichwasusedtomakefibersthatarelaterturnedintofabric(materialusedformakingclothes)．ThisnewmaterialwasnamedMestic，frommest，theDutchwordformanure.Essaïdiclaimsthatithasthesamefunctionasplasticfromfossilfuels，butisbiodegradable(可生物降解的)．Betteryet，thedegradabilitycanbedealtwithinthelab，makingitpossibletocreatematerialsthatlastfordifferentperiodsoftimedependingontheirpurposes.“Thisisnotthefirsttimescientistshavebeenlookingforwaystosolvethemanureproblem，butitisthefirsttimemanurehasbeenconsideredasavaluableresource，”theDutchartistsaid.Lastyear，JalilaEssaïdipartneredthecityofEindhoventoproduceafashionshowusingMesticbasedfabrics.HerMesticcollectionwassoimpressivethatclothinggiantH&MawardedhertheGlobalChangeAwardanda$1millionprize.AndcowmanureisjustthebeginningofJalilaEssaïdi'sexperimentswithanimalwaste.“Aftercows，we'lldealwithpigsandotheranimals，”shesaid.[语篇类型] 说明文[主题语境] 人与自然——环境保护——牛粪的作用[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了荷兰艺术家JalilaEssaïdi利用化学反应，将牛粪转变成做衣服的材料。1．Whyhastheauthorwrittenthetext?A．Tosuggestpracticalwaystodealwithcattlemanure.B．ToadvertisesomeclothesmadebyaDutchcompany.C．Tointroducehowanartistturnscowmanureintoclothingmaterial.D．Topersuadepeopletopurchaseproductsmadefrommanure.解析：写作目的题。根据第一段中的“butoneDutchartistisusingchemistrytoturnitintosomethingthatisbothecofriendlyandvaluable”和下文的内容可知，作者写作本文的目的在于介绍一位荷兰艺术家是怎样将牛粪转变成做衣服的材料的，故选C。答案：C2．WhichisthecorrectorderofmakingMesticbasedclothing?A．Acids→liquidplastic→manure→fabric→fibers→clothing.B．Manure→acids→liquidplastic→fibers→fabric→clothing.C．Liquidplastic→manure→fabric→fibers→acids→clothing.D．Fibers→manure→acids→fabric→liquidplastic→clothing.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Fromthewetmanure，shegotacidsusedto...turnedintofabric(materialusedformakingclothes)．”可知，B项的顺序是做以Mestic为原料的衣服的过程，故选B。答案：B3．WhatdoweknowaboutMestic?A．Itssmellisratherterrible.\nB．Itismadefromfossilfuels.C．ItsnamehasaDutchorigin.D．Itcanonlybemadeinthelab.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ThisnewmaterialwasnamedMestic，frommest，theDutchwordformanure.”可知，Mestic这个材料的名字来源于荷兰语中的mest这个单词，故选C。答案：C4．WhatdoJalilaEssaïdi'swordsinthelastparagraphmean?A．Somethingmoreneedstobedoneaboutcowmanure.B．Shewillswitchtootheranimalswasteinthefuture.C．Whatexperimentstodonextreallypuzzlesher.D．Thefutureoffashionableclothingisoptimistic.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“Aftercows，we'lldealwithpigsandotheranimals”可知，JalilaEssaïdi在未来会将关于动物粪便的实验转向猪和其他动物，故选B。答案：B词汇积累：Para.1：ecofriendlyadj.环保的 Para.2：fertilizern．肥料 Para.5：partnerv．做搭档，结成伙伴难句分析：Fromthewetmanure，shegotacidsusedtocreateanaturalliquidplasticwhichwasusedtomakefibersthatarelaterturnedintofabric(materialusedformakingclothes)．(Para.3)分析：“whichwasusedtomakefibers”为定语从句，修饰先行词anaturalliquidplastic；“thatarelaterturnedintofabric”为定语从句，修饰先行词fibers。译文：她从湿粪中得到了酸，这种酸被用来制造一种天然的液态塑料，这种液态塑料被用来制造后再被转变成布料(用来做衣服的材料)的纤维。B(2020·南昌NCS20200607项目联考)Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists，theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之处)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature，theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme，wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumaï.Boehme，alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria，CanadaandtheUnitedStates，examinedmorethan15，000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete，anadultmale，likelystoodabout1metertall，weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomoderndaybonobos，aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans，DanuviushadanSshapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans，though，ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor，apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon，calledthe\nfossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers，notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.[语篇类型] 说明文[主题语境] 人与社会——考古发现——科学家发现了古猿遗骨[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了科学家新发现的古猿遗骨的相关情况，并指出这可能会刷新人们关于人类的祖先在何时开始直立的观点。5．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany. B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya.D．Brazil.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”可知，科学家在德国发现了古猿遗骨，故选A。答案：A6．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeSshapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanToumaï.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumaï.”和第五段中的“Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimatefossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.”可推知，Danuvius生活的时期比Toumaï早得多，故选D。答案：D7．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．Itmaycausemuchdebate.C．Itisafantasticfinding.D．Itdeniesthepreviousideas.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“theywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers”可推知，Spoor认为这项发现可能会引起很多争议，故选B。答案：B8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheSecretsRevealedfromFossilsB．LegendofHumans'AncestorsC．FindingsAgainsttheTheoryofEvolutionD．TheOldestExampleofUprightApeFoundinaBavarianClaySite解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项考古发现，通读全文内容可知，第一段概括了全文的主要内容，由此可知，D项最适合作本篇文章的标题。答案：D词汇积累：Para.1：remainsn．剩饭菜；遗址；遗骸 catchsb.'seye吸引某人的注意 renewv．更换；更新 Para.2：fossilizev．使变成化石，石化 skeletonn．骨骼；骨架 humidadj.湿热的 bearv．显示；带有 strikingadj.引人注目的；显著的；异乎寻常的 Para.3：fundamentaladj.根本的；十分重要的；基本的 Para.4：fascinatev．深深吸引→fascinatingadj.迷人的；极有吸引力的 Para.5：moderndayadj.现代的 Para.7：findn．发现物 notleast特别，尤其难句分析：AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblancetomodernhumanbones.(Para.2)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中said后的内容为省略了that的宾语从句；宾语从句的主干为“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapeboreastrikingresemblancetomodern\nhumanbones”，而“thatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词amaleape。译文：一个国际研究者团队说，生活在现在德国南部湿热森林中的雄猿的化石骨骼酷似现代的人类骨骼。[更上层楼]语篇与命题(一)分析历届阅读理解题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型(主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等)相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。下面，将这些考点的规律及对应题型归纳如下：考点规律(1) 举例子、打比喻处常考为了使自己的观点更明确、更有说服力，作者经常用具体的事例打比方，句中常由as，suchas，forexample，forinstance等引导的短语或句子作为举例，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实型”题型和“推断型”题型出现，但倾向于“推断型”题型。考点规律(2) 引用人物论断处常考作者为了正确表达出自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人或文中某人的话、最新发明/现作为论证，命题人常常在此处设题，多以“推理判断题”为主，有时也会设置“细节理解题”，如阅读理解A中的第4题，B中的第7题。
