南宁市2022高考英语一轮（暑假）阅读理解训练（8）及答案阅读理解主旨大意Passage****Forherfirsttwenty-fouryear,she'dbeenknownasDebbie--anamethatdidn'tsuithergoodlooksandelegantmanner."MynamehasalwaysmademethinkIshouldBeacheerleader,"Shecomplained."Ijustdon'tfeellikeaDebbie!"Oneday,whilefillingoutanapplicationformforpublishingjob,theyoungwomansuddenlychangedmiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie."ThatwasthesmartestthingIeverdid,"Shesaysnow."AssoonasIstoppedcallingmyselfDebbie.Ifehmorecomfortablewithmyself..,andotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreseriously".Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowasuccessfulmagazineeditorfriendsandassociatescallherLynne.Naturally,thenamechangedidn'tcauseDebbie/I.ynne'sprofessionalachievementbutitsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitofself-confidence(自信)tohertalents.Socialscientistssaythatwhatyou'recalledcanaffectyourlife.Throughouthistory,nameshavenotonlyidentifiedpeopleButalsodescribedthem."...Ashisnameis,soishe..."saystheBible.Forbetterorworse,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorreserves,simplenessorcharmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandencourageotherpeoplebeforetheyevenmeetyou.Ofcourse,nameswithagoodsensecanworkforyouevenencouragingnewacquaintances.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAmericanmenthoughtSusantobethemostattractivefemalename,whilewomenbelievedRichardandDavidwerethemostattractivetomen.OnewomanIknowturneddownablinddatewithamannamedHarrybecause"hesoundeddull".Severaleveningslatershecameuptomeataparty,pressingforanintroductiontoaverynicemanwithwhomtheylookedateachotherallevening."Oh,'Isaid."YoumeanHarry?"Shewasillatease.1.Debbie'schanginghername______.A.hadactuallylittletodowithhercareer-6-\nB.waswhatshehappenedtodowhenfillingouttheformC.didhaveaneffectonhersuccessD.entirelycontributedtoherluck答案:C指导：由第三段第一句话可知A错，B和D不准确。2.TheauthorintroducedHarrytothewoman______.A.attherequestofthewomanherselfB.totellherthatnamesdidn'tmatterreallyC.tomakeherfeeluneasyinmindD.thepersonismoreimportantthanhis/hername答案:A指导：由最后一段中“．．．pressingforanintroductiontoaveryniceman．．．”推测可知。presssb．todosth．敦促某人做某事。3.ThenameDebbiemaybeconnectedwithsomething______.A.hugeB.quietC.dullD.attractive答案:A指导：cheerleader指带领观众欢呼的人，即常说的拉拉队队长，这样的人在生活中往往是又高又大、体格健壮的人，而作者说她的名字往往使她想起这个词。4.Thebestpossibletideforthepassagemaybe______A.NamesarethemostimportantB.YournameisyourfortuneC.Don'tcaremuchfornamesD.Namesandmakingfriends答案:B指导：本文主要通过Debbie的例子说明名字给人带来的影响，故B最符合文意。**************************************************结束【阅读理解细节事实】Passage******Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevator,operatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?-6-\nAmongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthanci-vilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetel-evisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperi-encedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningrath-erthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality______.A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothesB.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregardC.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentityD.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform答案:B指导：这篇文章主要讲述崇尚个性、崇尚多样化的美国人为何爱穿制服，以及制服所带来的利弊，是一道辨别事实题。由第一段第一句“AmericansareproudOftheirvarietyandindividuality，yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform．．．”可知应选B项。2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatarmninuniform______.A.suggestsqualitywork-6-\nB.discardshissocialidentityC.appearstobemorepracticalD.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes答案:A指导：由第二段第二句"Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform．．．”可判断A项正确。**********************************************结束阅读理解--细节事实Passage2HowLongCanPeopleLive?Shetookupskatingatage85,madeherfirstmovieappearanceatage114,andheldaconcertintheneighborhoodonher121stbirthday.Whenitcomestolonglife.JeanneCalmentistheworld'srecordholder.Shelivedtotheripeoldageof122.Sois122theupperlimittothehumanlifespan(寿命)?Ifscientistscomeupwithsomesortofpillordietthatwouldslowaging,couldwepossiblymakeitto150——orbeyond?Researchersdon'tentirelyagreeontheanswers."Calmentlivedto122,soitwouldn'tsurprisemeifsomeonealivetodayreaches130or135,"saysJerryShayattheUniversityofTexas.SteveAustadattheUniversityofTexasagrees."Peoplecanlivemuchlongerthanwethink,"hesays."Expertsusedtosaythathumanscouldn'tlivepast110.WhenCalmentblewpastthatage,theyraisedthenumberto120.Sowhycan'twegohigher?"Thetroublewithguessinghowoldpeoplecanlivetobeisthatit'salljustguessing."Anyonecanmakeupanumber,"saysRichMillerattheUniversityofMichigan."UsuallythescientistwhopicksthehighestnumbergetshisnameinTimemagazine."Won'tnewanti-agingtechniqueskeepusaliveforcenturies?Anycure,saysMiller,foragingwouldprobablykeepmostofuskickinguntilabout120.Researchersareworkingontreatmentsthatlengthenthelifespanofmiceby50percentatmost.So,iftheaveragehumanlifespanisabout80years,saysMiller,"addinganother50percentwouldgetyouto120."-6-\nSowhatcanweconcludefromthislittledisagreementamongtheresearchers?Thatlifespanisflexible(有弹性的)butthereisalimit,saysGeorgeMartinoftheUniversityofsays."Butafly'snevergoingtolive150years.'Ofcourse,ifyoubecameanewspecies(物种),onethatagesataslowerspeed,thatwouldbeadifferentstory,headds.DoesMartinreallybelievethathumanscouldevolve(进化)theirwaytolongerlife?"it'sprettycooltothinkabout,"hesayswithasmile.1.WhatdoesthestoryofJeanneCalmentprovetous?A.Peoplecanliveto122.B.Oldpeoplearecreative.C.Womenaresportyat85.D.Womenlivelongerthanmen.答案:A指导：第二段中“Shelivedtotheripeoldageofl22．Sois122theupperlimittothehumanlifespan?"告诉我们JeanneCalment的经历证明人们可以活到122岁。2.AccordingtoSteveAustadattheUniversityofTexas,_________.A.theaveragehumanlifespancouldbe110B.scientistscannotfindwaystoslowagingC.fewpeoplecanexpecttolivetoover150D.researchersarenotsurehowlongpeoplecanlive答案:D指导：根据第四段SteveAustad的论述可判断出研究人员不能确定人们的寿命有多长。3.Whowouldagreethatascientistwillbecomefamousifhemakesthewildestguessatlongevity?A.JerryShay.B.SteveAustad.C.RichMiller.D.GeorgeMartin.答案:C指导：第五段"Anyonecanmakeupanumber，”saysRichMillerattheUniversityOfMichigan。“UsuallythescientistwhopicksthehighestnumbergesthisnalneinTimemagazine．”说明RichMiller认为对人类的寿命估计最高的科学家会出名。-6-\n4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Mostofuscouldbegoodatsportsevenat120.B.Theaveragehumanlifespancannotbedoubled.C.Scientistsbelievemiceareagingataslowerspeedthanbefore.D.Newtechniquescouldbeusedtochangefliesintoanewspecies.Passage答案:B指导：根据后三段的内容可推断出人们的平均寿命不会加倍。********************************************结束-6-
