南宁市2022高考英语一轮（暑假）阅读理解训练（5）及答案阅读理解猜测词义1Passage****************Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat.Warm-bloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.Atnighttheysearchforfood.Animalsthatareoutduringtheday,suchascold-bloodedlizardsandsnakes,areactiveonlyforshortperiods.Astheirbodytem-peraturerises,thesereptilesmoveintotheshadeinordertocooldown.Intheearlyevening,whenthesungrowsweaker,thereptilesbecomemoreactiveandbegintheirsearchforfoodagain.Gettingenoughwatertosurviveisamajorproblemforalldesertanimals.Somedesertanimals,likedesertbirds,managetofindwaterholes.Otherdesertanimals,suchasthekangarooratandtherelatedjerboa,getwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat.Becausetheseanimalseatmainlydryseeds,theymustsurviveonatinyamountofwater.Mostdesertshaveonlyasmallnumberoffrogsandtoadsbecausetheseanimalsmustbenearwatertosurvive.Yeteventhesecreatureshaveadapted(适应)todesertconditions.Whensmallamountsofwatercollectintemporarystreams,thedesert-livingfrogsandtoadsbecomeactive.Afterarainfall,theylaytheireggs.Theeggsgrowintotadpolesinafewdaysandintoadultsinjustfourweeks,whenthepuddles(7](t7i;)dryup,theadultfrogsortoadsdigintotheground.Theirmetabolism(新陈代谢)slows,andtheystaybeneaththegrounduntilthenextrain,whichmaybeasgoodasayearaway.Untilthen,theirbodilyactivitiescontinueatareducedrate.Thecamel--oftencalledtheshipofthedesert--isoneofthemostsuccessfuldesertanimals.Camelscangoforlongpe-riodswithoutwater,buteventuallytheymustdrink.Whenwaterbecomesavailabletothemafteralongdrought,theymaydrink95litersofwaterormore.Whenwaterisnotavailable,whathelpscamelssurvivethedesertheatisthefatstoredintheirhumps(驼峰).Acamel'shumpcontainsabout-8-\n12kilogramsoffat.Fatisrichinhydrogen.Asthefatisdigested,hydrogenfromthefatcombineswithoxygenintheairthatthecamelbreathes.TheresultisH20,orwater.Eachkilogramoffatthatacameldigestsproducesaboutaliterofwater.1.Desertanimalsareusuallymoreactiveatnightbecause.A.itiscooleratnightB.itiseasiertofindwaterC.theylikethedarkD.theyarelesslikelytobeattackedatnight答案：A指导：文章的首句：“Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat．”A项与此信息吻合。2.Whichofthefollowingdesertanimalscangetwateronlyfromthefood?A.ThecamelB.ThekangarooC.ThefrogD.Therat.答案：B指导：第二段：“Otherdesertanimals，suchasthekangatooratandrelatedjerboa，getwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat．”本句明确告知B项是正确的。注意：D项therat指的是“田鼠”。3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthedesertanimalsrestduringtheday.B.Allthedesertanimalsdon'trestduringtheday.C.Coldbloodeddesertanimalsareoutmostoftheday.D.Noneofthecold-bloodeddesertanimalsgooutduringtheday.答案：B指导：注意本句的意思是：并不是所有的沙漠动物都在白天休息。而不是所有的沙漠动物都不在白天休息。4.Thetitleforthispassagecouldprobablybe_________.A.HotDesertsB.DesertAnimalsC.HowDesertAnimalsGetWaterD.WaysToEscapetheDesertHeat答案：B指导：本文正是介绍“沙漠动物”的。-8-\n5.Theunderlinedword"burrows"inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby_______A.holesB.cavesC.roomsD.openings答案：A指导：根据常识和burrows之前的underground一词可以作出判断。***************************************结束阅读理解猜测词义1Passage****************WhenIwasabout12,Ihadanenemy,agirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings.Weekbyweekherlistgrew;Iwasverythin;Iwasn'tagoodstudent.Italkedtoomuch;Iwastooproud,andsoon.ItriedtobearalltheseaslongasIcould.Atlast,Ibecameveryangry.Irantomyfatherwithtearsinmyeyes.Helistenedtomequietly.Thenheasked,"Arethethingsshesaystrueornot?Janet,didn'tyoueverwonderwhatyouarereallylike?Well,younowhavethatgirl'sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid.Ididashetoldme.Tomygreatsurprise,Idiscoveredthatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn'tchangelikebeingverythin,butagoodnumberIcouldandsuddenlyIwantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself.IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit."That'sjustforyou,"hesaid."Youknowbetterthananyone,thetruthaboutyourself.Butyouhavetolearntolisten,notjustcloseyourearsinangerandfeelinghurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrue,you'llfinditwillbeofhelptoyou.Ourworldisfullofpeoplewhothinktheyknowyourduty.Don'tshutyourears.Listentothemall,butbearthetruthanddowhatyouknowistherightthingto~to."Daddy'sadvicehasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments.Inmylife,I'veneverhadabetterpieceofadvice.1.Whatdoes"Weekbyweekherlistgrew"mean?A.Weekbyweek,myshortcomingsgrewmoreseriousB.Shemadealistofmyshortcomingsandkeptonaddingnewonestoit.C.Iwashavingmoreandmoreshortcomingsastimewenton.-8-\nD.Shediscoveredmoreshortcomingsofmineandpointedthemouttome.答案:D指导：从文中第一句话和"Weekbyweekherlistgrow”后的一句话知D选项为最佳选项。************************************************结束阅读理解猜测词义Passage****************Didyoueverthinksomeonewasscarybecausetheylookeddifferentoratestrangefood?Well,theymightthinkthesameaboutyou!Oneofthethingsweallneedtodoistocelebratevariety.Weshouldn'tthinkbadlyofpeoplefromotherculturesbecausetheyaredifferentfromourown.Sometimeswejudgepeoplefromothercountriesunfairly,becauseonepersonfromthatculturedidsomethingbad.Well,hasyourclasseverbeenpunishedjustbecauseafewkidswerecausingtrouble?Hasyourwholefamilyeverbeenblamedforsomethingyourlittlesisterdid?Itdoesn'tseemfair,doesit?It'sjustasunfairtoblameawholecultureforwhattwoorthreepeopledo.Soherearesomethingsthatyoucandotohelpyourselfunderstandothercultures:1.Findcommonground!Rememberthateventhoughsomepeoplelookdifferentontheoutside,itdoesn'tchangewhattheylookontheinside.Theystillhavethesamefeelings!2.Don'tblameeveryonebecauseofone!'Solet's-saysomeonefromanothercultureisbeingmeanandyoudecidetoavoideveryonefromthatculture.Well,thinkaboutitWhyareyoublamingthemforsomethingtheydidn'thaveanythingtodowith?Putyourselfintheirshoes.Howwouldyoufeel?Trying,tounderstandhowapersonthinkscanbeaverygoodwaytounderstandwhytheyareactingthatway.Remember,otherpeoplemaynotthinkthesameway.3.Trytomakefriendswithpeoplefromothercultures.Youcouldaskthemwhattheyknowabouttheirculture,orwhatitwaslikeintheircountry.Tryfoodsfromthatculture,oraskthemiftheyknowanywordsinthatlanguage.Youmightbe-8-\nsurprisedathowpureotherculturescanbe!Youcallhavegreatdiscussionsandhavelotsoffundoingnewthings.4.Knowthatpeoplealwaysjudgeotherpeople.Ifyouknowwhatyouarethinkingthenyoucanhelpmakethingseasier.Payattentiontowhatyouthinkaboutotherpeople.Ithelps!1.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?A.Whytherearedifferencesbetweenpeople.B.Whattodotounderstandothercultures.C.Howpeoplefeelwhentheymeetpeoplefromothercultures.D.Wheredifferencesbetweenpeoplelie.答案：B指导：主旨大意题。本文第一段总起提出面对文化差异人们所产生的错误认识的问题，然后就此提出建议。2.Intheauthor'sopinion,onemistakeabouthowwetreatculturaldifferencesisthatwe_________.A.cannotseeandsharewhatpeoplehaveincommonB.believethatotherpeoplemaycertainlythinbadlyofusC.don'twanttolearnanythingvaluableinotherculturesD.trytofindthereasonforthedifferences答案：B指导：细节理解题。作者在第四段建议我们要findcommonground．可见他认为不能做到这一点是人们的错误所在。故选A3.Theunderlinedword"celebrate"heremostprobablymeans_________.A.tofeelproudofB.toexpressideastoC.topraiseandenjoyD.topayattentionto答案：C指导：词义猜测题。celebrate通常的意义是“庆祝”，但这里应是“赞赏”之意。celebratevariety意即要把文化的差异看作是一件好事。4.Bysaying"...thenyoucanhelpmakethingseasier."theauthormeansyouwill_________.A.makemorefriends-8-\nB.knowmoreabouttheworldC.havemorefuninlifeD.findfewerdifferencesbetweenyouandothers答案：D指导：猜测句意题。从作者的总体论述中不难看出，他的观点是“只要我们能换位思考，有文化包容心理，那么一切事情都好办”，换言之，“你就会发现不同文化间无所谓有什么差别了。”*************************************************结束【阅读理解推理判断】Passage****************Governors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.Yetourscienceteachingofnon-scientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthecommonboast,"Ineverdidunderstandscience.'Eventhosestudentswhoarriveatcollegewithplanstobecomescientistsusuallybringamistakenpictureofscience:somehaveacollectionofunorganizedfactsaboutscience,andsomeregardthestudyofscienceasagamewhichincludesgettingtherightanswer.Thefirstoftheseattitudesseemstocomefromakindofcoursewhichprovidesvariouskindsofinformation;thesecond,fromatrainingcourseonhowtopassexaminationsthatdonotaskaboutthestudent'sunderstandingbutsimplyrequirehimtoputthenumbersintherightformulas(公式).Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsandunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthinkhowthefactsaregathered,howdiscoveriesaremade,andwhattheymean.Youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience,notsomuchagreatwealthofknowledgeasahealthyunderstandingofthenatureofscience.Theyneedanun-derstandingofknowledgeleadingtosympathywithscienceandaneagernessofthewayscientistswork.Giventhese,itiseasytoencouragelaterreadingandlearning.1.Oneofthereasonsthatcausemistakenideasofscienceis.A.amistakenpictureinstudents'mindB.theunscientificwayofteachingofscience-8-\nC.thefactthatstudentsfailtoseetheinfluence(影响)ofscienceD.thefactthatstudentshaveacollectionofunrelatedfactsaboutscience答案:B指导：由文中第一段第二句"Yetourscienceteachingofnon-scientists，inschoolandincollege．．．”可知教育方式是错的，所以B为正确答案。2.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythatthesubjectofthepassageis_______.A.needforgoodscienceteachingB.everyperson,includinggovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersshouldstudyscienceC.youngpeopleshouldformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.studentsmustknowwhatscienceisandhowscientistsworkandthink答案:A指导：根据文章先说明教育的失误，再分析为何不正确，最后在结尾解决问题"youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience．．．”。所以A为正确答案。3.Agoodcourseofscienceis_______.A.toteachstudentstodothingsaccordingtoformulasB.toprovidestudentswithallkindsofinformationC.tohelpstudentshaveagoodunderstandingandformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.toencouragestudentstohaveagoodcommandofknowledge答案：C指导：根据文中第二段中第五行"Neithertypeofcoursesseemstogivestudentsanunderstanding“science…Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthink．．．”可知C为最佳选项。4.Peoplesuchasgovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersdealwithscientistsmainlybecause_______.A.scientistsaregreatpersonsB.scientistsmakediscoveriesandapplythemtohelppeopleliveamorecomfortable,stableandsafelifeC.theyowemuchtoscientists'contributionsD.theycanbeaffectedbyscientistswhentheyaretogether答案：B指导：由文中第一段第一句"andeveryeducatedpersonfidshisviewaffectedbyscience'’可知与上一句构成并列关系，所以B为最佳选项。-8-\n******************************************结束-8-
