南宁市2022高考英语一轮（暑假）阅读理解训练（13）及答案阅读理解主旨大意Passage****(典型例题冈模拟卷)Thinkingissomethingyouchoosetodoasafishchoosestoliveinwater.Tobehumanistothink.Butthinkingmaycomenaturallywithoutyourknowinghowyoudoit.Thinkingaboutthinkingisthekeytocritical(判断性的)thinking.Whenyouthinkcritically,youtakecontrolofyourthinkingprocesses(过程).Otherwise,youmightbecontrolledbytheideasofothers.Indeed,criticalthinkingisattheheartofeducation.Theword"critical"herehasaspecialmeaning.Itdoesnomeantakingoneviewagainstanotherview,aswhensomeon,criticizesanotherpersonfordoingsomethingwrong.ThenatureofcriticalthinkingisthinkingbeyondtheeasilyseenbeyondthepicturesonTV,theuntruereportsinthenewspapers,andthefaultyreasoning.Criticalthinkingisanattitudeasmuchasanactivity.Iyouarecuriousaboutlifeanddesiretodigdeeperintoit,youareacriticalthinker.Ifyoufindpleasureindeepthinkinaboutdifferentideas,characters,andfacts,youareacriticsthinker.Activitiesofthemindandhigher-orderreasoningarprocessesofdeepandcarefulconsideration.Theytaketimeanddonotgohandinhandwiththefastspeedintoday'world:fastfoods,instantcoffee,andself-developingfilmHaveyouareamongthepeoplewhobelievethatspeedismeasureofintelligence(智力),youmaylearnsomethingneyfromastoryaboutAlbertEinstein.ThefirsttimeBanesHoffman,ascientist,wastodiscusshisworkwithAlbertEirstein,Hoffmanwastoonervoustospeak.ButEinsteinimmediatelyputHoffmanateasebysaying,"Pleasegoslowly,don'tunderstandthingsquickly.”1.Criticalthinkingisimportanttousbecauseifwedontthinkcritically______.A.itwillbehardforustothinknaturallyandfastB.wemightbecontrolledbyotherpeople'sideasC.wewillfollowtheideasofothersnaturally-9-\nD.wemightbefooledbyotherpeople'sideas答案:B指导；由文章第一段中“Whenyouthinkcritically，youtakecontrolofyourthinkingprocesses．Other wise，youmightbecontrolledbytheideasofothers”可知B正确。2.Ifyouareacriticalthinker,youwill______.A.thinkdeeplyaboutdifferentideasB.trustthereportsindienewspapersC.takeoneviewagainstanotherviewD.criticizeotherpeoplefortheirmistakes答案:A指导：由文章第三段"Ifyoufindpleasureindeepthinkingaboutdifferentideas，characters，andfacts，youareacriticaithinker"，可知A正确。3.Inthelastparagraph,"somethingnew"suggeststhat______.A.thesmarteryouare,thefasteryoudothingsB.thefasteryoudothings,thesmarteryoubecomeC.speedcanimproveintelligenceD.intelligenceisnotdecidedbyspeed答案:D指导；由文章最后一句"PleaseSoslowly．Idon'tunderstandthingsquickly"可知Somethingnew暗示“thatintelligenceisnotdecidedbyspeed”，所以D正确。4.Whatwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A.ThinkingandCriticalThinkingB.UnderstandingCriticalThinkingC.ThinkingNaturalandHumanD.ThinkingFastMeansIntelligence答案:B指导：本文着重分析了批判性思考的含义，所以B项“UnderstandingCriticalThinking"做文章的题目最恰当．*******************************************************结束阅读理解主旨大意Passage****(北大附中模拟卷)BEIJING(AssociatedPress)!Chinahasagrowingmiddleclass,atraditionofexpectingeducationand21millionnewbabieseveryyear.Sellingeducationaltoys-9-\nshouldbeeasy.WhileChinamaybetheworld'sbiggesttoy-maker,muchofthebestisexported.Departmentstoresheredonothavee-noughhigh-qualitytoys.Itissaidthedemandforeducationaltoysislow.AUScompany,BabyCare,istryingtochangethatwithanewwaytoselltoysinChina.BabyCareworksbasicallytogetherwithdoctorsinBeijinghospitals.Peoplewhojointhecompany's"mother'sclub"getlecturesandnewslettersonbabyandchilddevelopmentatnoextracost--iftheyagreetospend18dollarsamonthonthecompany'seducationaltoysandchildearebooks."Wewanttobuildaseven-yearrelationshipwiththosepeople,"saidMatthewJ.Estes,BabyCare'spresident."Itstartsduringpregnancy,whentheanxietyar.dneedsarehighest."BabyCareworksonaone-to-onebasis.Doctors,nurses,andteachers--paidbyBabyCare--adviseparents,explainingtoysthataredesignedforchildrenateachstageofdevelopmenttoagesix.BabyCareopeneditsfirststoreinChinalastJuneinashoppingcenterincentralBeijingandanothernearBeijingZoo.Itplanstohave80storesinChinawithinsixyears.ItisanewmodelforChinaanddevelopsamarketinyoungchildren'seducationandhealththatnoothercompaniesarein.1.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Educationaltoysand,foreigntoymarkets.B.ProblemswithChina'stoymarketandeducation.C.ReasonsforpushingsalesofeducationaltoysinChina.D.BabypopulationandvariouskindsoftoysmadeinChina.答案:C指导：直选题，从前两段中知：Sellingeducationaltoysshouldbeeasy，departmentstoresheredonothaveenoughhigh-qualitytoys．2.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Mother'sClubinChinaB.BabyCareandDoctors-9-\nC.American.CompanyModelD.OnEducationalToysPassage答案:D指导：纵观全文，文章主要是关于educationaltoys的一篇报道，中心意思不言自明。*************************************************结束阅读理解主旨大意Passage****YangYongfangusedtotakethebustowork.But,thesedays,whenshetakesalookatthebus,allsheseesis"abigboxfullofpeople,allbreathinginthere.Itseemsveryunsafe."AndthatmeansSARS.SoYanggotoutherbicycleanddusteditoff.OtherChinesewho,untilrecently,appearedtobemovingawayfromtheoldmodeoftransportation,seemtohebackridingaswell.Ofcourse,there'snoshortageofbikes.TherewereplentylongbeforeSARSshowedup.Butinrecentyears,privatecarehavebeengrowinginlargenumbers,crowdingbicyclesoffthestreetsinsomeofthebiggestcities.NowSARShasbroughtthebicycletrafficback.Crowdedtrainsandbuseslooklessattractive(吸引人的).InShanghai120,000morebicycleswereregistered(登记)inApril,wellabovelastyear'smonthlyaverageof50,000.People'sDailyrecentlyreportedthat"bicycle"hadsuddenlybecomethethirdmostfrequentlysearchedtermonthenation'slargestWebsearchengine.However,ifbikesalescontinueupward,itcouldbecomeanightmare(噩梦)fortrafficplanners,whohadtocontendwiththeoftendeadlyclashbetweenbikesandmotorizedvehicles.Shanghaiofficiallyseesnearlyonetraffic-relatedbicycledeathaday,afigurethatmanypeopleheresayisprobablyanunderstatement(少报).1.BeforeSARSbrokeout,YangYongfang______.A.wastiredofgoingtoworkbycarB.wenttoworkbybikeC.hadalreadysoldherbikeD.wenttoworkbybus-9-\n答案:D指导：由文章第一句可知。2.MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaiarebeginningtoride,because______.A.ridingabikeismuchmoreconvenientB.ridingabikecostslessthantakingthebusC.theycaremoreabouttheirhealthD.thegovernmenthasbeenencouragingthemtodoexercise答案:C指导：由于SARS的影响，越来越多的人愿意骑自行车而非乘车是从身体健康方面考虑。3.Thewriterofthepassage______thephenomenon(现象)thatbikesalescontinueupward.A.isstronglyagainstB.isforC.showsnoopinionofD.isworriedabout答案:D指导：由“ifbikesalescontinueupward，itcouldbecomeanightmare．．．可知。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BikesSellWellinShanghai.B.TheNewFashion.C.BacktoNature.D.ShanghaiTakesonaNewLook.答案:A指导：为了躲避SARS，人们又重新选择了自行车，从而导致了自行车的旺销。因此，将A作为标题，可以揭示出“triffic"与"SARS'，之间在这一特定时期的关系。*********************************************结束【阅读理解细节事实】Passage******(世纪报模拟)ThemodernOlympicGameswerefoundedwiththeintentionofimprovinghealthandeducation,promotingworldpeace,andencouragingfairandequalcompetition.Butovertheyears,theolympicsaying,"faster,higher,stronger",haspushedscientistsaswellasathletestodoeverythingpossibletoreachnewlevels.Doctors,engineersandcoachesalluseeverytingsciencehastooffertoachievethatlittlebitextraincompetition.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple:winningisjustasimportantasitwas2,500yearsagoat-9-\ntheolympicsofancientGreece.Developmentsintechnologyhaveoftenbeenreflectedinthemethodsoftrainingandper-formanceattheolympicsthroughhistory.Thistechnologyfallsintotwomaingroups:improvinganathlet'sperformanceincompetition,andallowingresultstobemeasuredmoreaccurately.Oneofthecreationsthathasdrawnthemostattentionisthenewhigh-techswimsuitfromSpeedo,whichwasusedbymanyUSswimmersinAthens.UntilSydney2000,itwasthoughtthatthesmallertheswimsuit,thefastertheswimmerwouldtravel."However,thefactthatattheSydneyOlympics,28ofthe33goldmedalistswerewearingthebodycoveringFastskinsuitprovedthetheorywasoutofdate,"saidAndyThomas,vicepresidentofSpeed.Thecompany'sfullbodysuitissupposedtomakeswim-mers3to4percentfaster,particularlywhenturningordivingintothewater.Itisbelievedthatthesuitcreateslesswaterre-sistanceasitmoves,behavingmorelikeasharkskinthanahumanskin.Theintroductionofhigh-techequipmentmeansthatathletesinallsports,from100-metresprinttothepolevault,cannowtrainmoreeffectively.Meanwhile,scientificdevlopmentalsomeansperformancescanbemeasuredandstudiedmoreaccurately.Notonlyarewinningtimesmoreaccuratelyrecorded,butcheatingathletesareeasiertocatchout.Athens20典型例题nizerspromisedtouseonlytheverylatestequipmenttomeasuredistanceandspeed.1.WhichisnotthefirstaimofthemodernOlympicGames?A.Improvinghealthandeducation.B.Promotingworldpeace.C.Encouragingfairandequalcompetition.D.Winningmedals.答案:D由文章第一句“．．．theintentionofimprovingbealthandeducation，promotmgworldpreace，andencouragingfairandequalcompetition"知，winningmedals不包括在内，故选D.2.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisthatpeople______.-9-\nA..makeeveryefforttowinmedalsB.dotheirbesttoinventnewsportsequipmntC.trytotesttheirabilitiesD.wanttoimprovetheirconditionofcompetition答案:A由第二段第二句"Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple：winningisjustasimortantasitwas2，500yearsagoattheOlympicsofancientGreece”知，A选项(努力赢得奖牌)最符合文章。3.Inthepassageitmentionsthathightechnologyisinvolvedin______aspects.A.1B.2C.3D.4答案:B从文章第二段最后一句知：高科技应用于运动的目的有二；提高运动员在竞赛中的表现能力，使比赛结果更准确。************************************************结束阅读理解--细节事实Passage3Ifyouarearecentsocialsciencegraduatewhohashadtolistentojokesaboutunemploymentfromyourcomputermajorclassmates,youmayhavehadthelastlaugh.Therearemanyadvantagesforthesocialsciencemajorbecausethishigh-tech"InformationAge"demandspeoplewhoare{lexible(灵活)andwhohavegoodcommunicationskills.Therearemanysocialsciencemajorsinlargecompanieswhofillimportantpositions.Forexample,anumberofre-searchstudiesfoundthatsocialsciencemajorsbadachievedgreatermanagerialsuccessthanthosehowhadtechnicaltrain-lngorpre-professionalcourses;Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,whichistheleadingfeatured(特点)ofthekindofhigh-speed,high-pressure,high-techworldwenowlivein.Socialsciencemajorsarenotonlyexperiencingsuccessintheirlongtermcompanyjobs,buttheyarealsofindingjobsmoreeasily.Astudyshowedthatmanycompanieshadfilledalargepercentageoftheirentrylevelpositionswithsocialsciencegraduates.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthemostsought-afterqualityinaperson-9-\nwhowaslookingforajobwascommunica-tionskills,notedas"veryimportant"by92percentofthecompanies.Socialsciencemajorshavetheseskills,oftenwithoutknowinghowimportanttheyare.Itisprobablyduetotheseskillsthattheyhavebeenofferedawidevarietyofpositions.Finally,althoughsomesocialsciencemajorsmaystillfinditmoredifficultthantheirtechnicallytrainedclassmatestolandthefirstjob,recentgraduatesreportthattheydon'tregrettheirchoiceofstudy.1.Bysayingthat"youmayhavehadthelastlaugh"inthefirstparagraph,theauthormeansthatyoumayhave______.A.sharedthejokeswithcomputermajorsB.earnedasmuchascomputermajorsC.foundjobsmoreeasilythancomputermajorsD.stoppedjokingaboutcomputermajors答案:C指导：这是一道推断作者意图题。从第一段"Therearemanyadvantagesforthesocialsciencemajor．．．”可知，灵活和好的交际技巧在“信息社会中”是十分重要的，所以学习社会科学的毕业生比学习计算机的毕业生可能更容易找到工作。2.Comparedwithgraduatesofothersubjects,socialsciencegraduates______.A.arereadytochangewhensituationschangeB.arebetterabletodealwithdifficultiesC.areequallygoodatcomputerskillsD.arelikelytogiveotherspressure答案:A指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段中“Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemaiorsare．．”可判断出与其他专业的毕业生相比，社会科学的毕业生在形势改变时，他们更乐意改变。3.Theunderlinedword"land"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans______.A.keepforsometimeB.successfullygetC.immediatelystartD.loseregretfully答案:B指导：这是一道猜义题。根据land后的宾语thefirstjob可判断出它的意思是“-9-\n成功地获得”。4.Accordingtothetext,whathasmadeiteasyforsocialsciencegraduatestofindjobs?A.Willingnesstotakelow-paidjobs.B.Readinesstogainhigh-techknowledge.C.Skillsinexpressingthemselves.D.Part-timeworkexperience.Passage答案:C指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段中"Thestudyalsoshowedthat．．．”可得出结论，社会科学毕业生的善于表现自己的技巧使他们容易找到工作。*********************************************结束-9-
